Banias River
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| Nahal Hermon (Hermon Stream) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Banias spring[1] |
| Mouth | |
• location | Dan River |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Upper Catchment of the Jordan River |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Sa'ar Stream Pera' Stream |
| • right | Guvta Stream Sion Stream[2] |
Nahal Hermon (Hebrew: נחל חרמון) is a river in the Golan Heights. It is the easternmost of the three main northern tributaries of the Jordan River; together with the Dan River and the Snir Stream, it forms the Jordan River's upper catchment (UCJR).[3] The stream is part of the Nahal Hermon Nature Reserve.
Course
The main source of Nahal Hermon is the Banias spring, located at the southern base of the Hermon mountain range and contributing a discharge of 67·106 m3 annually. From there the stream flows south for nine kilometers before draining into the Dan River.[1][4] Along the way, it drains the Guvta Stream (right), the Sa'ar Stream (left), the Pera' Stream (left), and the Sion Stream (right), with a total drainage area of 158 km2. The total annual streamflow of Nahal Hermon comes to 106·106 m3.[3]
Wildlife
The banks of the Hermon Stream abound in willow trees, oriental planes, silver-leaf poplars, Tabor oaks, Palestine oaks, Mt. Atlas mastics, terebinths, carobs, ferns, giant canes, and various vines.
The stream is home to a variety of fluvial fish, including longhead barbel, large-scale barbel, Damascus barbel, and tilapia. Living and roaming around the stream or in it are wild boars, Syrian rock hyrax, swamp cats, nutria, and Indian porcupines.[5]
Birds that frequent the vicinity of the stream include rock doves and Western rock nuthatch.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b Hartmann, Andreas (2008). "Process-based modelling of karst springs in Mt. Hermon, Israel" (PDF) (in English and German). University of Freiburg. p. 11. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
Banias Spring is the spring contributing most of the discharge to the Hermon stream.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "וואלה!מפות". Walla! (in Hebrew). Retrieved 5 August 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Rimmer, Alon (2006). Krzysztofowicz, R. (ed.). "Modelling precipitation-streamflow processes in karst basin: The case of the Jordan River sources, Israel" (PDF). Journal of Hydrology (331). Elsevier: 527–528. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Rainfall and snowmelt of Mt. Hermon recharge the main tributaries of the UCJR: (1) Dan (252 · 10^6 m^3 annually); (2) Snir also known as Hatzbani (118 · 10^6 m^3); and (3) Hermon also known as Banias (106 · 10^6 m^3) (Table 2 and Fig. 2).
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Hermon Stream (Banias) Nature Reserve". Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
Nine kilometers from its source, the Hermon Stream meets the Dan, and together they form the Jordan River.
- ^ Hareuveni, Imanuel (1985). "עמק החולה". In Ehud Avishai (ed.). Nature Reserves in Israel (in Hebrew) (2nd ed.). Israel: Ministry of Defense (Israel). pp. 64–66. ISBN 965-05-0193-2.
במי הנחל רבים הדגים, ביניהם: בינית-ארֻכת-רֹאש, בינית גדולת-הקשקשים, חפף, בינון, לבנונית ואמנוּן.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Baraq, Pinhas. "The Nahal Hermon Reserve (Banias)". Jewish Agency for Israel. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
Sometimes, rock hyrax can be found, lying on the piled-up rocks, and flocks of rock doves nest in depths of caves. You can occasionally spot Neumayer's Rock Nuthatch, which flies from Mount Hermon, and black sweet-water snails (melanopsis praemorsa) lie on the floor of pools.
External links
- Hermon Stream (Banias) Nature Reserve – Israel Nature and Parks Authority (visitor's guide)