Hydraulics

y applying an external force. This implies that by increasing the pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in the container, i.e., any change in pressure applied at any point of the fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluids. you arnet smarttttt

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Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille

A French physician, Poiseuille (1797–1869) researched the flow of blood through the body and discovered an important law governing the rate of flow with the diameter of the tube in which flow occurred.

In the UK

Several cities developed citywide hydraulic power networks in the 19th century, to operate machinery such as lifts, cranes, capstans and the like. Joseph Bramah (1748–1814) was an early innovator and William Armstrong (1810–1900) perfected the apparatus for power delivery on an industrial scale. In London, the London Hydraulic Power Company was a major supplier its pipes serving large parts of the West End of London, City and the Docks, but there were schemes restricted to single enterprises such as docks and railway goods yards.

Hydraulic models

After students understand the basic principles of hydraulics, some teachers use a hydraulic analogy to help students learn other things. For example:

• The MONIAC Computer uses water flowing through hydraulic components to help students learn about economics.
• The thermal-hydraulic analogy uses hydraulic principles to help students learn about thermal circuits.
• The electronic–hydraulic analogy uses hydraulic principles to help students learn about electronics.

The conservation of mass requirement combined with fluid compressibility yields a fundamental relationship between pressure, fluid flow, and volumetric expansion, as shown below :

${\frac {dp}{dt}}={\frac {\beta }{V}}\cdot \left(\sum _{IN}Q-{\frac {dV}{dt}}\right)$

Assuming an incompressible fluid or a "very large" ratio of compressibility to contained fluid volume, a finite rate of pressure rise requires that any net flow into the contained fluid volume create a volumetric change.

See also

• Affinity laws
• Bernoulli's principle
• Hydraulic engineering
• Hydraulic mining
• Hydraulic transmission
• International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research
• Open-channel flow
• Pneumatics
• Fluid power

References

• Rāshid, Rushdī; Morelon, Régis (1996), Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-12410-2.

External links

• Pascal's Principle and Hydraulics
• The principle of hydraulics
• IAHR media library Web resource of photos, animation & video
• Basic hydraulic equations
• MIT hydraulics course notes