User:Zackc28/sandbox
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| Est. 700 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States ( South Carolina) | |
| Languages | |
| English, Cherokee,Tuscarora, and historically Catawban languages | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity, | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Cherokee, Tuscarora, Cheraw, Lumbee, Winyah, Cape Fear and other Siouan peoples |
The Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of South Carolina, Inc. or ECSIUT is state-recognized Native American Indian group in the state of South Carolina under the SC Code Section 1-31-40 (A) (7)(10), Statutory Authority Chapter 139 (100-111) and obtained this status on February 17, 2005.[1] The ECSIUT is organized to promote interest in scholarly research as well as foster accurate documentation of genealogical, biographical, and historical records surrounding the Cherokee and other Native American tribes originating in South Carolina.
Government
According to South Carolina law, Native American Indian groups are defined as "a number of individuals assembled together, which have different characteristics, interests and behaviors that do not denote a separate ethnic and cultural heritage today, as they once did. This group is composed of both Native American Indians and other ethnic races. They are not all related to one another by blood. A tribal council and governmental authority unique to Native American Indians govern them."[2] The ECSIUT is headquartered in Richland County, South Carolina and was formerly led by the late Native American activist, Dr. William Moreau Goins, who founded the group and served as CEO up until his passing in November of 2017.[3]
History
According to Cherokee "Clan Mother" Amanda F. Allen, the families represented in the tribe today include surnames such as Oglesby, Allen, Jones, Poole, and Walker. Other tribal names include families such as Adair, Sizemore, Thompson, Butler, Nicholson, Martin, and Stare.[4] The Butlers are also related to the Bushyhead family among the Cherokee and the Wattses, Vanns, Rosses, Galphins and McIntoshes. Many of these families were ultimately related after many years of intermarrying within this small community and within the tribe. This was caused, in part, by the isolation of the community and in keeping with the strict miscegenation laws not permitting "free people of color" to marry White or Black persons. In early times, most of these families were farmers, as were many who lived in rural communities throughout the state. Consequently, one clan began gathering the last weekend in September in thanksgiving to the harvest of that season, and in keeping with the Cherokee Fall Festival tradition, which is held the first weekend in October, for the same reason. The genealogical and historic documentation has been completed for many of these families and currently there are approximately 700 Cherokee descendants on the Tribal enrollment. Most of these Cherokee descendants had ancestors who resided in the numerous Cherokee Lower Villages of history including: Brasstown, Crane Creek, Chatuga, Chauga, Cheowee, Coweeshee, Echay, Esseneca (Seneca), Estanaley, Estatoe, Oustestee, Keowee, Noyowee, Oconee, Socony, Qualhatchie, , Sugartown, Tomassee, Toxaway, and the Tugaloo Village.
Some members of the ECSIUT trace descent from historically mixed Siouan communities such as the "Smiling Indians" of Sumter County. This group was largely studied by amateur anthropologist James McDonald Furman in the late 19th century who took to calling members of the community “Redbones”.[5] Furman helped establish a “Redbone Celebration” on October 23, 1895 in order to promote and instill Indian pride and identity.[6] In 1896, after making a list of families that attended the Bethesda Baptist Church in Privateer, South Carolina he was able to conclude that there were an estimated seventy or eighty mixed race families living within Sumter, most of which bearing the surnames Chavis, Epps, Gibbes, Goins, and Smiling.[7] At the turn of the twentieth century many of these families relocated to Robeson, North Carolina and assimilated with the Lumbee tribe.[8] By no later than the mid-1920s the remaining families in South Carolina migrated to Williamsburg County and were referred to broadly as the Goins Community while others with the surname Chavis were noted to live in Orangeburg County at the same time by Wes Taukchiray.[9] Williamsburg was previously home to the Winyah tribe and the Cape Fear are noted to have been relocated there by 1715 by Chapman J. Milling in Red Carolinians.[10] Presumably around this same time or slightly before, some families began to commingle with Cherokee descendants.
References
- ^ "South Carolina's Recognized Native American Indian Entities | Commission for Minority Affairs". cma.sc.gov. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ "139102. Definitions." Chapter 139. Commission for Minority Affairs. Article I. State Recognition of Native American Indian Entities. (Statutory Authority: S. C. Code Section 13140(A)(10)). Page 2. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ "Obituary of Dr. William Moreau Goins". legacy.com. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ Goins, William Moreau (22 October 2016). "About Us". web.archive.org. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ Britt, Morris F. (Jul 29, 2017). Implosion. Lulu.com. p. 447. ISBN 9781387132256.
- ^ Britt, Morris F. (Jul 29, 2017). Implosion. Lulu.com. p. 447. ISBN 9781387132256.
- ^ Britt, Morris F. (Jul 29, 2017). Implosion. Lulu.com. p. 450. ISBN 9781387132256.
- ^ Britt, Morris F. (Jul 29, 2017). Implosion. Lulu.com. p. 386. ISBN 9781387132256.
- ^ Taukchiray, Wes (1975). The Smiling Indians; Goins community; the Chavis Indians.Unpublished manuscript.
- ^ Chapman, James Milling (1969). Red Carolinians (2nd ed.). University of South Carolina Press. p. 226. ISBN 0872491803.