Cephalotheca foveolata
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| Cephalotheca foveolata | |
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| Species: | Cephalotheca foveolata
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| Binomial name | |
| Cephalotheca foveata Yaguchi, Nishimura & Udagawa (2006)
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Physiology
Cephalotheca foveolata produces a metabolite called sclerotiorin. Sclerotiorin has been shown to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells by activating a pathway leading to caspase-3 activation. [1]
Lu 2015
- symptoms of human infection: fevers, upper back pain and shortness of breath (bloodstream infection)[2]
- found in the soil and on other environmental matter[2]
- teleomorph (sexual) and anamorph (asexual) stages in vitro and in natural habitat. The anamorph morphology akin to Phialemonium and Acremonium[2]
- 7 case as of 2011 ( in eyes, lymph nodes, cardiac tissue and bronchial lavage fluid)[2]
- 1st reported case of bloodstream infection in 2011[2]
- potentially an opportunistic human pathogen[2]
- produce a brown to reddish diffusing pigment (on PFA)[2]
- amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole inhibit all growth at lowest concentration after 48 hours at 35°C[2]
- Caspofungin causes abnormal growth at the lowest concentration after 24 hours[2]
- potentially found on human skin or in foods as a contaminant[2]
- since morphology is similar to other pathogenic species DNA analysis of the 28S rDNA is required for identification[2]
- environmental niche currently unknown[2]
Pedromo 2011
- molecularly and morphologically related to P. obovatum[3]
- reported in Singapore, Texas, South Carolina, Ohio, North Carolina[3]
- reported in Endocarditis, lymph node, bronchial fluid, eyes[3]
- resistant to AMB[3]
Suh 2005
- first case of sub cutaneous Cephalotheca foveolata in 2006 (erythematous plaques with clear boundary)[4]
- surgical removal worked (followed for a year afterwards)[4]
- Saprophytic, found in soil, wood and mushrooms.[4]
- full blood count, peripheral blood smear, urinalysis, liver and renal function tests, and stool examination were within normal limits (aka, subcutaneous infection won’t impact those organs)[4]
- chronic granulomatous inflammation around infection[4]
- ellipsoidal conidia at the end of short conidiophores [4]
- itraconazole for the first 3 months and then with terbinafine for another 9 months led to no change[4]
- D1/D2 variable domains of 28S rDNA must be analysed to differentiate from similar pathogenic species[4]
Sutton 2008
- one of few Ascomycetes that is homothallic and makes teleomorph structures in vitro[5]
- Cephalotheca foveolate is rare[5]
Yaguchi 2006
- first isolated/defined in 2006 (in Korea), subcutaneous infection of foot[6]
- Phialemonium-like conidia (also similar to the hyphomycete Teberdinia)[6]
- ascomycota have yellow straight or wavy hairs[6]
- pitted, kidney shaped ascospores (4-5x3-4x2.5-3µm), translucent/yellowish[6]
- 95% homology to Cephalotheca sulfurea[6]
- max growth temp 39°C[6]
- 25°C growth faster than 35°C growth[6]
- colonies reach 45-50mm diameter in vitro (OA media or PDA media) in 14 days at 25°C[6]
- conidiogenesis does occur in vitro[6]
- in vitro: black, brown, white, orange even yellowish sometimes[6]
- Cleistothecia fruiting bodies[6]
- peridium is made of elongated, thick walled cells[6]
- translucent/brownish, 8 celled asci[6]
- conidiogenous cells undifferentiated from hyphae but at the terminal end (monophhialidic), cylindrical, 10-20x2-3µm[6]
- Conidia are translucent, cylindrical, and 4-5x1.5-2µm[6]
- 3-6µm thick walled chlamydospores[6]
Tsang 2017
- Cephalotheca foveolata is appearing in Hong Kong recently[7]
References
- ^ Giridharan P, Verekar SA, Khanna A, Mishra PD, Deshmukh SK (2012). "Anticancer activity of sclerotiorin, isolated from an endophytic fungus Cephalotheca faveolata Yaguchi, Nishim. & Udagawa". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 50 (7): 464–468. PMID 22822525.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Lu L, Weil A, Wiederhold N, Sutton D, Chesnut L, Lindner J, Fan H, Tingpej B, El-Khoury J, Kwon D (2015). "Probable case of Cephalotheca foveolata bloodstream infection". JMM case reports. 2 (4): 1–5. doi:10.1099/jmmcr.0.000045.
- ^ a b c d Perdomo H, Sutton D, García D, Fothergill A, Gene J, Cano J, Summerbell R, Rinaldi M, Guarro J (2011). "Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Phialemonium and Lecythophora Isolates from Clinical Samples". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 49 (4): 1209–1216. doi:10.1128/JCM.01979-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Suh M, Lim J, Lee Y, Ha G, Kim H, Kim J, Yaguchi T, Nishimura K (2005). "Subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Cephalotheca foveolata in an immunocompetent host". British Journal of Dermatology. 154 (6): 1184–1189. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07158.x.
- ^ a b Sutton D, MT, SM(ASCP), RM, SM(NRM) (2008). "Rare and Emerging Agents of Hyalohyphomycosis". Current Fungal Infection Reports. 2 (3): 134–142. doi:10.1007/s12281-008-0020-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Yaguchi T, Sano A, Yarita K, Suh M, Nishimura K, Udagawa S (2006). "A new species of Cephalotheca isolated from a Korean patient". Mycotaxon. 96: 30–322.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Tsang C (2017). "Diversity of novel and emerging pathogenic fungi in Hong Kong". The University of Hong Kong.
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