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Satchit Rana

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  • Comment: Some sourcing issues remain. There are not enough inline citations, thus large sections of the article remain unsourced. Also, the ref called "Abhilekhalya Shakha, Jangi Adda, Nepal Army Headquarters" does not strike me as a reliable source. Correct me if I'm wrong, but that is the name of a person? People cannot be used as sources, only published works. Also, in the early life section, could you put his name at birth? Captain Eek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 19:11, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
  • Comment: The lead should refer only to his name, not his full honorific. In general, the article does not have the neutral tone expected of an encyclopedia. Also, please make sure all claims are sourced. Captain Eek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 23:28, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
General His Excellency The Right Honourable

Satchit Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana
महारथी श्री
स‌‌‌‍त्चित शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा

OBE BVO
File:General Satchit SJB Rana.jpg
General Satchit SJB Rana
Born15th January, 1934
Tansen Durbar, Lumbini
Died4th May, 2007
Shree Birendra Military Hospital, Kathmandu
Allegiance Kingdom of Nepal
Service/branch Royal Nepalese Army
Years of service1955–1991
Rank General
UnitInfantry
Paratrooper
Commands heldNo.1 Home Guard, Barda Bahadur Battalion
Para Rifle Company
Royal Nepalese Military Academy, Kharipati
Chief Operations Officer, UNIFL
1st Infantry Brigade
2nd Infantry Brigade
Royal Nepalese Army
Battles/warsKhampa Disarmament Operation
Lebanese Civil War
AwardsOrder of Tri Shakti Patta
Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu
Kirtimaya Nepal Shreepad
Cross of Merit
Grand Cross
United Nations Medal
Order of the British Empire
Alma materBanaras Hindu University
Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst
Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr
Spouse(s)Rani Asha Rana
RelationsBir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana (Great-Grandfather)
Other workAmbassador to Myanmar

Satchit Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana (15 January, 1934 – 4 May, 2007) was the 34th Chief of Army Staff of the Royal Nepalese Army.[1] He was a member of the Rana Dynasty of Nepal.[1]

Early life

Rana was born in Tansen Durbar, Lumbini Zone to Lieutenant General Madhav Shamsher J.B. Rana and Rani Madhavi Kumari Rana.[1] Lt General Madhav Rana was the Governor of Dhankuta during the Rana Dynasty.[1] He was the fourth son. Rana had four brothers (three elder and one younger) and three sisters (two elder and one younger).

Rana belonged to a family which had a history in the fields of military command and statesmanship. His paternal grandfather, Maharaj Kumar Commanding General Pratap Shamsher J.B. Rana, had been the Governor of Palpa (1924–1929) as well as the Commanding General of Northern Nepal (1932–1934).[1] His paternal great-grandfather, Commanding General Maharaja Sir Bir Shamsher J.B. Rana, had been the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal and the Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski (1885-1901).[1]

Rana completed most of his further education in India. He passed the admission examination of the Benares Hindu University in 1949. He was awarded his Intermediate of Arts Degree in 1951.[2] He then began pursuing a BA degree at BHU but dropped out in the last last year due to his successful results in the Officer Cadre Selection Examination for the Royal Nepalese Army.

Military career

Junior officer

After his selection, he chose the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst to undertake his military training in 1953.[1] He completed his training and was commissioned into the Royal Nepalese Army in the rank of Second Lieutenant on 22 July 1955. At the time, the then Lieutenant Rana was the second officer in the Royal Nepalese Army to have received training from Sandhurst.[3]

In his first posting, he was assigned to the Shree Shreenath Battalion.[4] During this posting, he was appointed the Joint Team Leader of the Nepal-China Border Team. The objective of the team was to resolve the border disputes taking place at the time.[5] The work undertaken by the team contributed to the official border agreement between Nepal and China signed in 1961.[6] After being promoted to Captain in 1962, he underwent further training at the Nepalese Military Academy which at that time was based in Nagarkot.[7] He was then assigned to the No.1 Home Guard of the Barda Bahadur Battalion. During this period, he was promoted to Assistant Battalion Commander and afterwards, Acting Battalion Commander.[8] He led the battalion in multiple military training exercises.

Staff College and Para Rifle Company

In 1965, he left for Staff College training to Germany to join the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr in Hamburg.[9] After spending a year in Hamburg, Rana returned to Nepal. Upon his return, he was promoted to Major and was deputed to the Army Headquarters.[10]

In 1970, he was transferred to the Para Rifle Company. Immediately after his transfer, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel.[11] A year after this, he took overall command of the Para unit as well as the Para Training Academy. He was associated with the Para unit for eleven years. At the start of his tenure, he completed his parachuting training course which was facilitated by instructors of the Israeli Defence Force.[12]

Khampa Disarmament Operation

By the early 1970s about nine thousand Khampa Fighters, Tibetan Tribesmen resisting Chinese Authority, had crossed over the border to the remote Nepalese district of Mustang.[13] Here they established military camps from where they would launch attacks into the Chinese Autonomous Region of Tibet.[14] In addition to carrying out illegal military activity, the Khampa fighters had been conducting pillaging, plundering and killing of the local communities.[13] Consequently, a joint agreement between the Nepalese and Chinese governments was signed, with the common objective of disarming the Khampa fighters.[13]

A brigade size taskforce was organised with the objective of disarming the Khampa fighters in 1974.[15] Before the deployment of the entire taskforce, the then Lieutenant Colonel Rana led a small reconnaissance team to gather military intelligence in order to formulate the procedure of disarmament.[15] After having identified the locations of various military camps, gauged their military capabilities and identified the leaders of the Khampa fighters, Rana devised the plan of operations.[13][15] The taskforce was deployed towards Mustang on 15 July 1974. The main battle group of the task force was based around the Shree Shreenath Battalion, which was under the command of Rana.[16][17] Consequently, Rana was given the leadership of the ground operations.[13][18]

After having received multiple false promises of disarmament from Gey-Wangdi, the commander of the Khampa forces, military units under the command of Rana moved in to occupy the camps on 1 August.[15] Whilst Rana was able to dismantle all the camps, recover large quantities of weaponry and capture a number of Khampa Fighters, Gey-Wangdi was able to escape.[15][19] Wangdi was eventually killed in a fire fight in mid-September. Rana was awarded the Kirtimaya Nepal Shreepad for "his effective planning, efficient execution and distinguished field command during the operation".[13][20]

Royal Nepalese Military Academy, Kharipati

After the completion of the Khampa Operation, Rana was promoted to the rank of Colonel in May, 1975. He was then appointed as the Commandant of the Royal Nepalese Military Academy, Kharipati.[2] During his tenure as commandant, he tried to re-calibrate the syllabi of the academy to focus on mountain warfare. He also took the initiative to undertake research in order to solve the logistical problems related to mountain warfare.

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

In 1978, the Royal Nepali Army deputed Rana to work in the headquarters of the UNIFL as Chief Operations Officer.[21][2] The UNIFL had been set up by the United Nations in response to the South Lebanon Conflict which took place the same year. Rana's tenure as COO saw the Tyre District, a designated UN area, be infiltrated and occupied by eighty PLO fighters.[21] This destabilised the military and political situation, as Israel had only recently withdrawn troops from Lebanon on the condition that the PLO would follow in suit.[21]

Rana responded by placing various peacekeeping units in positions around the Tyre District and surrounding the infiltrators.[21] Consequently, he made their position strategically untenable and forced them into negotiations. He personally led the negotiations with the PLO fighters and their leaders, including Yasser Arafat, who were based in the surrounding regions.[21] After one and a half months, Rana ensured their withdrawal without the need of military confrontation.[21]

During his time as COO, he developed a close rapport with the then Secretary General of the UN Kurt Waldheim.[21] Throughout the Tyre District confrontation, he was in correspondence with Waldheim, discussing and formulating peacekeeping plans with him.[21] When they met in person at the UN headquarters in New York, Waldheim offered Rana a tenure extension in lieu of his effective leadership of the UNIFL.[2][22] However, Rana declined due to his prior professional commitments to the Royal Nepalese Army.[23][24]

1979 Student protests & Director of Military Operations

Rana returned to Nepal in 1979. Whilst he had been in Lebanon, Rana had been promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. Upon his return, he was appointed commander of the 1st Infantry Brigade.[25] His tenure as commander witnessed the 1979 Nepalese student protests.[26] The main objective of the protestors was to gain democratic freedom.[27] The Brigade was based in Kathmandu when the protests began. Rana was involved in the minimisation of violence and vandalism which was being carried out by certain reactionary groups of the protest.[28] The protests came to an end after King Birendra announced a referendum.[29] Following the election, the electorate chose to continue with monarchical panchayat government.[30]  Afterwards, Rana commanded the 2nd Infantry Brigade in 1980.[31]

Rana was promoted to the rank of Major General in 1982. Along with this promotion, he was also appointed as the Director General of Military Operations.[32] In this capacity, he supervised the planning and execution of all military operations undertaken by the Army.[33]

Chief of Army Staff

On 15 May 1987, Rana was appointed as the Chief of Army Staff.[34][35][36][37] During his tenure as COAS, which lasted for four years, he planned and executed multiple military and civil missions.[38] During the Third SAARC Summit held in November 1987, as COAS he was in-charge of the overall security, logistics and administration.[39] In 1988, an earthquake of the magnitude 6.5 struck eastern Nepal along its border with the Indian state of Bihar.[40] 252 people perished, more than a thousand were injured and thousands of houses collapsed due to the earthquake.[41][42] Rana was responsible for coordinating search and rescue operations.[43] He also carried out the implementation of rehabilitation programmes.[44]  

In late ‘89 and early ‘90, protests broke out in Kathmandu and in other parts Nepal in support of a multi-party democratic system.[45] Initially, Rana after discussions with King Birendra, did not want to take military action against the protestors.[46] Consequently, the Army was not deployed. However, on 6 April 1990, the protests turned violent.[47]  A number of protestors began to vandalise and carry out acts of arson. Such violence was concentrated around the Tudikhel and New Road area.[48] In an effort to deescalate the situation, Rana ordered units of the Army to move into the centre of Kathmandu.[49] To avoid further such violence, a curfew was put in place in the Kathmandu Valley.[49]

On 9 April, King Birendra allowed for the establishment of a multi-party democratic system and the creation of a new constitution.[50] In the new system of governance, King Birendra became a constitutional monarch with a large amount of political power transferring to the elected representatives.[51] During the drafting of the new constitution, Rana provided suggestions to the then Prime Minister and Defence Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai.[52] Rana advocated that the new constitution should still keep the King as the Supreme Commander of the Army.[53] He believed that this would allow the armed forces to maintain its political neutrality and professional proficiency.[54] When the new constitution was implemented in November 1990, the King remained the supreme commander of the Army.[55] However, any military action to be undertaken had to now be discussed in the National Defence Council.[56][57] This council consisted of the King, the elected Prime Minister and the Chief of Army Staff.[55]

During his tenure, he aided in the establishment of the Shree Birendra Army Hospital in the Chauni District of Kathmandu and the Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya in Bhaktapur.[58][59] Additionally, he undertook official visits in the capacity of COAS to the United Kingdom and Bangladesh. On 15 May 1991, Rana retired from his position after having commanded the army for four years. His retirement marked the end of a thirty-six year-long military career.

Post military career

Upon his retirement, Rana was appointed by King Birendra as an Honourable Member of the Royal Council.[1] In 1995, during the 50th Birthday Celebrations of King Birendra, Rana was appointed the Vice Chairman and Treasurer of the Golden Jubilee Birthday Ceremony Committee.[2] In June 1996, he was appointed as the Royal Ambassador to Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos.[60] During his ambassadorship, Rana worked to enhance the relationship between Nepal and Myanmar.[2][61] During this period, Myanmar supported Nepal's application for membership of the BIMSTEC organisation.[2] In 1998, Nepal became an observer member of BIMSTEC.[2] Rana served as ambassador till 1999 after which he returned to Nepal.[60]

After his return, Rana was regularly called upon by the government to give his opinion on security matters.[62] With the escalation of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal, King Gyanendra appointed Rana as a Rt. Honourable Member of the Royal Council Standing Committee.[63] During this period, Rana was critical of the Maoist forces and their methods of engagement.[64][65] Consequently, he was considered a target by the Maoist insurgents. A resort owned by Rana was bombed by the Maoists in September 2003.[66][67] In August 2005, Rana's residence in Kathmandu was bombed by the Maoists.[68] In both terror attacks, there were no fatalities.[68][69] In 2005, when the Seven Party Alliance and 12 Point Agreement was carried out, Rana considered these alliances to be unnatural.[70] According to him, democratic parties negotiating with an insurgency group undermined the interests of the state.[71] Rana believed that in trying to gain political power, the democratic parties had compromised on national interests.[72]

Rana succumbed to cancer on the 4 May, 2007.[73] He is survived by his wife and four children.

Personal life

Rana was married to Rani Asha Rana (nee Shah).[1] They had three daughters and one son:[1]

  • Mrs Satchida Rajya Laxmi Singh
  • Mrs Saktida Rajya Laxmi Singh
  • Captain (Retd) Sadaya Jung Bahadur Rana
  • Mrs Sukirti Rajya Laxmi Bhatta

In his retirement, Rana involved himself in agriculture and tourism[74]. He established the Gurkha Hill Resort, which is still open in the Gurkha Municipal District, and began apple farming in Mangchet, Rasuwa District.[75] He was also an avid golfer.

Titles and honours

National orders and medals

  • Order of Tri Shakti Patta (First Class)
  • Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu (First Class)
  • Kirtimaya Nepal Shreepad
  • Natural Disaster Relief Medal
  • Army Long Service Medal
  • Foreign Service Medal
  • Remote Area Service Medal
  • Collection of Public Opinion Medal
  • Holy Coronation Ceremony Medal, 2013 (1956)
  • Holy Coronation Ceremony Medal, 2031 (1974)
  • Army Service Medal

Foreign orders and medals

References

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  72. ^ "Govt won’t ban parties: Satchit". The Himalayan Times. 2006-01-31. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  73. ^ "Key royal adviser dies in Nepal". DNA India. 2007-05-04. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  74. ^ महारथी श्री स‌‌‌‍त्चित शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा. Kathmandu: Abhilekhalaya Shakha, Jangi Adda, Nepal Army Headquarters. 2003.
  75. ^ महारथी श्री स‌‌‌‍त्चित शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा. Kathmandu: Abhilekhalaya Shakha, Jangi Adda, Nepal Army Headquarters. 2003.
Military offices
Preceded by Chief of Army Staff of the Royal Nepalese Army
1987 – 1991 		Succeeded by


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