Plautia Urgulanilla
Plautia Urgulanilla was the first wife of the future Roman Emperor Claudius. They were married circa 9 AD, when he was 18 years old. Suetonius writes that they were divorced in 24 AD on grounds of 'her scandalous love affairs and the suspicion of murder.[1]
Collusion in the Murder of Apronia
The murder in which Ugulanilla is supposed to have participated was that of her sister-in-law, Apronia, who was the second wife of Urgulanilla's brother, Marcus Plautius Silvanus. However, in none of the existing ancient writings is it made clear how she was involved, and the details provided by Tacitus seem to imply she could not have been personally involved at all. [2] Plautius Silvanus was first married to Fabia Numantina; however, at some time before 24 AD, they had divorced, and he had married Apronia, a daughter of Lucius Apronius. In the year 24 AD, Plautius Silvanus was accused of murdering Apronia "for reasons not ascertained," by throwing her out of a window in that year. Silvanus' responded by claiming that he was asleep when the event had occurred, and was totally unaware of the circumstances leading to her death, saying that she had perhaps committed suicide. The murder was investigated by the Emperor Tiberius who, having investigated the couple's bedroom, discovered proof of a scuffle, and therefore referred the case to the Senate for trial, thus implying that he believed Silvanus to be guilty. However, Silvanus' grandmother, Urgulania, sent him a dagger, encouraging him to commit suicide, which he duly did. Shortly after the murder of Apronia, Fabia Numantina was "charged with having caused her husband's insanity by magical incantations and potions", but was acquitted.[3][4]
Family
Urgulanilla was a member of the Plautia (gens).
Her grandmother was Urgulania, who Urgulanilla was named after; she was a close friend of the Empress Livia Drusilla.[5][6]
Her father was Marcus Plautius Silvanus, the consul for the year 2 BC, and a decorated general, honored with triumphal ornaments for his successes in the Bellum Batonianum or Great Illyrian Revolt in 12 AD.[7][6]
Urgulanilla had three attested siblings:
- Marcus Plautius Silvanus, mentioned above. It is probable that it was he who adopted Tiberius Plautius Silvanus Aelianus, who was twice consul in 45 AD and 74 AD.
- Aulus Plautius Urgulanius. Died at the age of nine.[8]
- Publius Plautius Pulcher. Friend and companion of his nephew Claudius Drusus. Quaestor to Tiberius, and augur; governor of Sicilia.[9] He was made a patrician by Claudius.
Urgulanilla had two attested children:
- A son with Claudius, named Claudius Drusus, whose betrothal to a daughter of Sejanus instilled great expectations in the prefect,[10] left unfulfilled when Drusus died in early childhood.
- A daughter, Claudia, who was born five months after her divorce from Claudius. As Claudia was widely believed to be the illegitimate daughter of the freedman Boter, Claudius repudiated the child and he had her laid at Urgulanilla's doorstep.[11]
In fiction
Urgulanilla appears as a significant character in Robert Graves I, Claudius. Urgulanilla is a tremendous and bulky woman with a resemblance to Tiberius (who may possibly be her father). She utterly despises Claudius but is relatively ignorant and benign to her husband. She also bears a strong affection (implied, through the use of the stereotypes of the time, to be lesbian in nature) for her sister-in-law Fabia Numantina, which causes her to kill her brother's second wife, Apronia. Claudius apathetically divorces Urgulanilla following this suspicion of murder and the revelation that his wife has a child with her slave. While ordered to execute the child Claudius spares it by substituting the baby with a stillborn child to display for repudiation. Urgulanilla later bequeathed Claudius several gifts in her will (before his rise to Emperor) and insists that Claudius is not an idiot. Comparatively Urgulanilla proves to be Claudius' best wife as she leaves Claudius on his own and is not openly cruel or manipulative to him.
She was played by Jennifer Croxton in the BBC TV adaptation.
References
- ^ Suetonius, The Deified Claudius, ch. 26-27
- ^ Tacitus, Annales IV.22.3
- ^ Tacitus, Annales IV.22.3
- ^ Ronald Syme, Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 418
- ^ Tacitus, Annales, II.34.
- ^ a b Lily Ross Taylor, "Trebula Suffenas and the Plautii Silvani", Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, 24 (1956), p. 24
- ^ Dio, The Roman Histories LVI.17
- ^ CIL XIV, 3606
- ^ CIL XIV, 3607
- ^ Miriam Tamara Griffin, Nero: The End of a Dynasty, Psychology Press, 2000, p. 194.
- ^ Suetonius. Claud. 27.