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Sherry Arnstein

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Ladder of citizen participation, Sherry Arnstein. She discusses eight types of participation in A Ladder of Citizen Participation (1969). Often termed as "Arnstein's ladder", these are broadly categorized as: 1. Citizen Power: Citizen Control, Delegated Power, Partnership. 2. Tokenism: Placation, Consultation, Informing. 3. Non-participation: Therapy, Manipulation. She defines citizen participation as the redistribution of power that enables the have-not citizens, presently excluded from the political and economic processes, to be deliberately included in the future.[1]

Sherry Phyllis Arnstein, (née Rubin) (11 January 1930 – 19 January 1997)[2][3] was the author of the highly influential journal article "Ladder of Citizen Participation". Working as a special assistant to the assistant secretary at the U.S. Department of Housing, Education, and Welfare (HUD), she developed the insights that led to the development of her seminal paper in the field of participatory decision making.

In 1969, she wrote and published several papers that deal with public participation in decision making. Among them, "A Ladder of Citizen Participation" (1969),[4] "Maximum Feasible Manipulation"[5] (1972) and "A Working Model for Public Participation" (1975).[6] Her first paper, in which she suggested different levels of public participation has a lasting impact in many areas of research, including geography, urban planning, public policy, health policy, and sociology, to name a few.

Sherry Rubin was born in New York City to Bernard Rubin (born Russia) and Lucille Goldstein (born France). At a young age, her family moved to California. She studied physical education at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and after graduation worked as a caseworker in Alameda County Juvenile Court. In 1955, she moved to Washington, DC. and received a Masters in communications from American University.

After her work at HUD, she was a consulting public policy analyst at Arthur D. Little, a senior research fellow at the National Center for Health Services Research, and vice president of the National Health Council.[3] She served 10 years as executive director of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) between 1985 and 1995.

References

  1. ^ Arnstein, S.R. (1969), "A Ladder of Citizen Participation", Journal of the American Planning Association, 35 (4): 216–224, doi:10.1080/01944366908977225, hdl:11250/2444598, retrieved 2010-06-12
  2. ^ "Sherry Arnstein Bio". www.aacom.org. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  3. ^ a b "Sherry Arnstein Dies". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  4. ^ Arnstein, S.R. (1969). "A ladder of citizen participation". Journal of the American Institute of Planners. 35 (4): 216–224. doi:10.1080/01944366908977225. hdl:11250/2444598.
  5. ^ Arnstein, S.R. (1972). "Maximum feasible manipulation". Public Administration Review. 32: 377–390. doi:10.2307/975008. JSTOR 975008.
  6. ^ Arnstein, S.R. (1975). "A working model for public participation". Public Administration Review. 35 (1): 70–73. doi:10.2307/975206. JSTOR 975206.



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