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Steven Salaita

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Steven Salaita
Born(1975 -09-15)September 15, 1975
Bluefield, West Virginia, United States
NationalityPalestinian-American
CitizenshipUnited States
OccupationSchool-bus driver[1]
Known forSteven Salaita hiring controversy

Steven Salaita (b. 1975) is a scholar, author and public speaker. He became the center of a controversy when University of Illinois un-hired him as a professor of American Indian Studies[2][3][4] following university donor objections to a series of tweets critical of Israel and Zionism.[4][5]

Early life and education

Salaita was born in Bluefield, West Virginia on September 15, 1975,[6] to Hispanic and Arab immigrant parents. His mother was born and raised in Nicaragua by Palestinian parents who originated in Beit Jala.[7] He describes his own ethnic background as both Jordanian and Palestinian. Salaita's father was from Madaba, Jordan.[8] His maternal grandmother lost her home in Ayn Karim outside of Jerusalem in 1948.[9]

Salaita received his B.A. in political science from Radford University in 1997 and his M.A. in English from Radford in 1999. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Oklahoma in Native American studies with a literature emphasis.[10]

Career

Following completion of his Ph.D., Salaita became an assistant professor of English at University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, where he taught American and ethnic American literature until 2006. He was then hired as associate professor of English at Virginia Tech, and received tenure three years later. In addition to teaching English courses, Salaita wrote about themes of immigration, indigenous peoples, dislocation, race, ethnicity and multi-culturalism.[11] Michael Hiltzik of the Los Angeles Times refers to him as a "respected scholar in American Indian studies and Israeli-Arab relations."[12]

Salaita won a 2007 Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award for writing the book Anti-Arab Racism in the USA: Where It Comes from and What it Means for Politics Today. The Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights recognized Salaita's book as one that extends "our understanding of the root causes of bigotry and the range of options we as humans have in constructing alternative ways to share power." Miriam Cooke, professor at Duke University, described the book as "a sobering analysis of anti-Arab racism, from neo-conservative to liberal, rooted in America's settler colonial past and seeping into every corner of our lives. Steven Salaita takes the reader into the crisis of Arab-American communities in the wake of September 11. Written with passion, this lucid account of the dangers of American imperialism paints a dark picture of the agenda of the Bush administration not only in the Arab world but also for people of color at home."[13]

Sinan Antoon, assistant professor at New York University, reviewed Salaita's book, The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan, published in 2006. He found the author's comparative approach to Palestinian and Native American writers and the influence of politics on their production "refreshing". He found the strongest chapter to be the one devoted to Salaita's personal experience of spending the summer of 2002 in the Shatila refugee camp, where he introduced Native American studies to the residents and developed perspectives on how "alternative narratives can broaden the consciousness of decolonial advocates." Antoon notes that Salaita limited his scope to prose and limited Palestinian literature to English translations.[14]

In 2013 Salaita was invited to interview for an academic appointment with the AIS program (American Indian Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). There were 80 applicants and Salaita was one of six invited to campus. He was the unanimous choice of the faculty to fill the position. Professor Robert Allen Warrior, AIS director, wrote that Salaita's "fresh and compelling contributions to the intellectual project of a critique of the concept of indigeneity, which is ... the core of what has made us an international leader in our field", and argued that Salaita's contribution would allow the department to "engage with the broader implications of comparative indigeneity within and beyond the scope of US imperialism and militarism in North America and the Pacific to include the Middle East." Warrior had worked with Salaita previously, as a member of his doctoral committee.[15]

Dr. Reginald Alston, associate chancellor, wrote of Salaita's candidacy: "The uniqueness of his scholarship on the intersection of American Indian, Palestinian, and American Palestinian experiences presents a rare opportunity to add an esoteric perspective on indigeneity to our cultural studies programs on campus.... I support offering Dr. Salaita a tenured position because of the obvious intellectual value that his scholarship and background would bring to our campus. His presence would elevate AIS internationally and convey Illinois' commitment to maintaining a leading academic program on the historical and sociopolitical intricacies of American Indian culture." Salaita was then offered the tenured position;[16] the university later withdrew its offer, as detailed below.

In July 2015 Salaita announced he had accepted the offer of the Edward W. Said Chair of American Studies at the American University of Beirut, and would begin his assignment in the fall of 2015.[17] Salaita's position at the University of Beirut was not renewed due to some inconsistencies in his hiring. The university stated it was due to "procedural irregularities".[18]

In 2017, Salaita announced that he is leaving academia because no institution would hire him for full time work.[19][20] As of February 2019, he is a school bus driver in suburban Washington, D.C.[21]

Controversies

Virginia Tech "Support our Troops" controversy

While teaching at Virginia Tech in 2013 Salaita became the center of controversy after writing an article in which he explained his refusal to endorse the "Support our Troops" slogan.[22][23] Salaita stated that "In recent years I've grown fatigued of appeals on behalf of the troops, which intensify in proportion to the belligerence or potential unpopularity of the imperial adventure du jour". He criticized what he called "unthinking patriotism".[22]

Reactions to his article were varied. Some people wanted him fired, criticizing the university, and some wanted him deported or killed. A university spokesman, Lawrence G. Hincker, Associate Vice President for University Relations, said that the university supported Salaita's freedom of speech, but added: "While our assistant professor may have a megaphone on salon.com, his opinions not only do not reflect institutional position, we are confident they do not remotely reflect the collective opinion of the greater university community". Almost 40 Virginia Tech professors signed a letter protesting Hincker's comments in a letter to the student newspaper, the Collegiate Times. Faculty members criticized the university's statement as "wholly unsatisfactory" and "placing in doubt its commitment to academic freedom."[24]

Commenting on Salaita's views and the surrounding controversy, Greg Scholtz, of the American Association of University Professors, noted that "[u]pholding academic freedom can be a difficult and even embarrassing," but "the most reputable institutions give the most latitude."[23]

University of Illinois hiring controversy

Main article: Steven Salaita hiring controversy

In October 2013, Salaita was offered tenure in the American Indian studies program at University of Illinois which he accepted and he was scheduled to begin in August 2014. In July 2014, the Gaza war broke out between Israel and Hamas which killed over 2,000 Palestinians. Israel was condemned by human rights organizations over its indiscriminate bombings.[25] Salaita tweeted hundreds of times about the war and about ten of his tweets were very inflammatory and critical of Israel and Zionism.[26] These tweets angered pro-Israel students, faculty, and others who accused Salaita of anti-Semitism.[27] Donors threatened to stop donating to the university unless it rescinded Salaita's job offer. [27] University Chancellor Phyllis M. Wise told Salaita that he wouldn't get the job so he sued the university. During the legal proceedings, the university was forced to release hundreds of email relating to his case which revealed both that Wise had come under immense pressure to rescind Salaita's offer from wealthy donors, but also that she had tried to destroy evidence. She therefore resigned from her position as Chancellor.[28] The university settled with Salaita for $875,000 in November 2015.[29]

Salaita wrote about his experience in his book Inter/Nationalism: Decolonizing Native America and Palestine, where he engaged with the controversy from the perspective of decolonizing academic scholarship. He writes of boycotting Israel in the academic arena, and further participates in this agenda through the organization USACBI.[30]

Books

  • Anti-Arab Racism in the USA: Where it Comes From and What it Means for Politics (2006) – Winner of 2007 Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights' "Outstanding Book" Award.[13]
  • The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan (2006)
  • Arab American Literary Fictions Cultures and Politics (2007)
  • The Uncultured Wars (2008)
  • Modern Arab American Fiction: A Reader's Guide (2011)
  • Israel's Dead Soul (2011)
  • Uncivil Rites (2015)
  • Inter/Nationalism: Decolonizing Native America and Palestine (2016)

References

  1. ^ "'Ousted' From Academe, Steven Salaita Says He's Driving a School Bus to Make Ends Meet". The Chronicle of Higher Education. February 19, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  2. ^ Cohen, Jodi (September 11, 2014). "U. of I. trustees vote 8–1 to reject Salaita". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  3. ^ Manchir, Michelle (January 28, 2015). "Steven Salaita sues U. of I. over lost job". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Alexander, Neta (January 30, 2015). "Anti-Israel professor sues University of Illinois for rescinding job offer". Haaretz. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  5. ^ Nelson, Cary (August 8, 2014). "An Appointment to Reject". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  6. ^ "Steven Salaita author profile". Goodreads. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  7. ^ Steven Salaita, Israel's Dead Soul, Temple University Press (2012), p. 111.
  8. ^ Erakat, Noura. "Interview with Steven Salaita on the ASA Academic Boycott". Jadaliyya. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  9. ^ Salaita, Steven (December 4, 2013). "Academics should boycott Israel". Slate. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  10. ^ AAUP report: Academic Freedom and Tenure: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, April 2015, p. 6
  11. ^ Christine Des Garennes; Julie Wurth (September 7, 2014). "'Who is Steven Salaita?'". The News-Gazette. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois.
  12. ^ Michael Hiltzik (August 11, 2014). "Is US academic freedom a casualty of the Israeli-Palestinian debate?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  13. ^ a b "Salaita pens award-winning book on anti-Arab racism". Virginia Tech News. February 15, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  14. ^ Antoon, Sinan (Autumn 2010). ""The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan," by Steven Salaita". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (1): 103–04. doi:10.1525/jps.2010.xl.1.103. JSTOR 10.1525/jps.2010.XL.1.103.
  15. ^ "Information to Users" (PDF). Shareok.org. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  16. ^ "Academic Freedom and Tenure: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign". American Association of University Professors. April 2015. p. 6. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  17. ^ "Professor fired for anti-Israel tweets finds work in Beirut's American University". Haaretz. JTA. July 4, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  18. ^ "Reports circulate that American of Beirut has blocked a permanent appointment". Inside Higher Ed. April 14, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  19. ^ Korth, Robby (July 25, 2017). "Embattled Virginia Tech ex-professor Salaita to leave academia". The Roanoke Times.
  20. ^ Flaherty, Colleen (July 25, 2017). "Steven Salaita Says He's Leaving Academe". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  21. ^ Pettit, Emma (February 19, 2019). "'Ousted' From Academe, Steven Salaita Says He's Driving a School Bus to Make Ends Meet". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN 0009-5982. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  22. ^ a b Salaita, Steven (August 25, 2013). "No, thanks: Stop saying "support the troops"". Salon. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  23. ^ a b "Va. Tech Professor's Military Op-Ed Sparks Outcry". CBSlocal.com. August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  24. ^ Schmidt, Peter (November 20, 2013). "Virginia Tech Professors Fault University Over Tepid Defense of Colleague". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  25. ^ "Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Israel/Gaza conflict, July 2014 – Questions & Answers". Amnesty International. July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  26. ^ Rodriguez, Meredith (March 3, 2015). "Chicago State, U. of I. land on 'worst of' list for campus free speech". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  27. ^ a b "Professor's Angry Tweets on Gaza Cost Him a Job". September 12, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  28. ^ Jaschik, Scott (August 7, 2015). "Chancellor of U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign resigns". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  29. ^ Cohen, Jodi S. (November 12, 2015). "University of Illinois OKs $875,000 settlement to end Steven Salaita dispute". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 1, 2020. Salaita, who lost a tenured faculty position after posting a string of anti-Israel comments on social media, will get $600,000 in the deal in exchange for dropping two lawsuits against the university and agreeing he will never work at U. of I. Salaita's attorneys will get $275,000.
  30. ^ Salaita, Steven (2016). Inter/Nationalism: Decolonizing Native America and Palestine. University of Minnesota Press.
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