Abd al-Hosayn Ayati
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Abd al Ḥosayn Ayati (1871—1953) was a Baháʼí missionary, journalist, poet, author and teacher. After conversion to the Baháʼí Faith, he spent 18 years as missionary and was a close companion of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, who conferred on him the titles of "Raʾīs-al-moballeḡīn" (Chief of Missionaries) and "Avarih" (Wanderer). In 1920s, Shoghi Effendi sent Avarih to England to teach the Baháʼí Faith. Former member of the Universal House of Justice, Lotfollah Hakim, served as his translator during this visit.[1]
He later became a Muslim and an opponent of the Baháʼí Faith, being considered a Covenant-breaker. He returned to Tehran and spent the rest of his life as a secondary school teacher. During this period he wrote many works of poetry and prose, including Kashf al-Hial, a three volume work refuting the Baháʼí Faith.[2] He was labelled by Shoghi Effendi as a "shameless apostate".[3]
The numerous references made to Avarih in John Esslemont's book Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era were removed in subsequent editions published after Avarih's apostasy from the Baháʼí Faith.[4]
Works
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- Al-Kawākeb al-dorrīya fī maʾāṯer al-bahāʾīya (Shining Stars of Baha'i Remnants): a major work on history of Baháʼí Faith.[2]
- Kašf al-ḥīal (Uncovering the Deceptions): his work in three volumes after conversion from Baháʼí Faith.[2] Vol. 1, Vol. 2, vol. 3.
- Moballighe Baha'i dar mahzar-e ayatollah shaykh mohammad khalesi zadeh (A Baha'i Missionary in the Presence of Shaykh Muhammad Khalesi Zadeh): The report of Iranian Army personnel from Yazd that were proselytized by a Baha'i missionary and decided to consult Ayatollah Khalesizadeh about the Missionaries claims.[1]
References
- ^ "Star of the West/Volume 14/Issue 1/Text - Bahaiworks, a library of works about the Bahá'í Faith". bahai.works. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
- ^ a b c Afshar 2011.
- ^ Maxwell, Ruhiyyih (Mary Khanum) (1969). The Priceless Pearl. London: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 120.
- ^ Salisbury, Vance (1997). "A Critical Examination of 20th-Century Baha'i Literature". Baháʼí Library Online. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- Afshar, Iraj (August 18, 2011). "ĀYATĪ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN". Encyclopædia Iranica.