Abd al-Hosayn Ayati
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Abd al Ḥosayn Ayati (1871—1953) was a Baháʼí who was a contemporary of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, who gave him the titles of "Raʾīs-al-moballeḡīn" (Chief of Missionaries) and "Avarih" (Wanderer).[citation needed]
In 1920s, Shoghi Effendi sent Avarih to England to teach the Baháʼí Faith. Former member of the Universal House of Justice, Luṭfu'lláh Ḥakím, served as his translator during this visit.[1]
He later became a Muslim and an opponent of the Baháʼí Faith, being considered a Covenant-breaker.[citation needed] He returned to Tehran and spent the rest of his life as a secondary school teacher.[citation needed] During this period he wrote Kashf al-Hial, a three volume work refuting the Baháʼí Faith.[2] He was labelled by Shoghi Effendi as a "shameless apostate".[3]
The numerous references made to Avarih in John Esslemont's book Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era were removed in subsequent editions published after Avarih's apostasy from the Baháʼí Faith.[4]
Works
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- َAtashkadeh Yazdan (God's Fireplace): A book on the history of the city of Yazd in Iran.[5]
- Farhang-i Ayati (Ayati's Dictionary): A Persian-Arabic dictionary.[6]
- Al-Kawākeb al-dorrīya fī maʾāṯer al-bahāʾīya (Shining Stars of Baha'i Remnants): a work on history of Baháʼí Faith.[2]
- Kašf al-ḥīal (Uncovering the Deceptions): his work in three volumes after leaving the Baháʼí Faith where he explains why he left the Baha'i faith and explains the wrongs that he witnessed.[2] Vol. 1, Vol. 2, vol. 3.
- Siyahat nam-i doctor jack amricaiee (The travel diary of Dr Jack the American): Real life accounts narrated as a story about the life of a foreigner investigating the Baha'i claims during his travels that Ayati refers to using the pseudonym Jack the American.[7]
- Moballighe Baha'i dar mahzar-e ayatollah shaykh mohammad khalesi zadeh (A Baha'i Missionary in the Presence of Shaykh Muhammad Khalesi Zadeh): The report of Iranian Army personnel from Yazd that were proselytized by a Baha'i missionary and decided to consult Ayatollah Khalesizadeh about the Missionaries claims.[8]
References
- ^ "Star of the West/Volume 14/Issue 1/Text - Bahaiworks, a library of works about the Bahá'í Faith". bahai.works. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
- ^ a b c Afshar 2011.
- ^ Maxwell, Ruhiyyih (Mary Khanum) (1969). The Priceless Pearl. London: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 120.
- ^ Salisbury, Vance (1997). "A Critical Examination of 20th-Century Baha'i Literature". Baháʼí Library Online. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
- ^ Ayati, Abd al-Husayn (1938). آتشکده یزدان. Yazd (Iran).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ayati, Abd al-Husayn (1935 (1314 Persian)). فرهنگ آیتی. Tehran (Iran): Matba Danesh.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help) - ^ Ayati, Abd al-Husayn (1927). سیاحت نامه دکتر ژاک آمریکایی (PDF). Tehran: Khavar.
- ^ Ayati, Abd al-Husayn (1987 (1366 Persian)). مبلغ بهایی در محضر آیت الله خالصی زاده (PDF). Iran (Yazd): Golbahar.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help)
- Afshar, Iraj (August 18, 2011). "ĀYATĪ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN". Encyclopædia Iranica.