Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Americium(III) chloride: Difference between pages

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 477000816

| ImageFile_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}}

| ImageSize = 240px

| ImageName = Unit cell, ball and stick model of americium(III) chloride with a legend

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo = 13464-46-5

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}

| ChemSpiderID = 15964177

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| PubChem = 17815325

| SMILES = [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Am+3]

| StdInChI = 1S/Am.3ClH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = GQKWPBIZTINWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Am=1 | Cl=3

| Appearance = Light red, opaque crystals

| Density = 5.87 g cm⁻³<ref name="web"/>

| MeltingPtC = 715

| MeltingPt_ref = <ref name="hand">{{Citation|last1 = Perry|first1 = Dale L.|last2 = Phillips|first2 = Sidney L.|year = 1995

| title = Handbook of Inorganic Compounds|publisher = CRC Press|isbn = 0-8493-8671-3|pages = 15|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0fT4wfhF1AsC&pg=PA15|access-date = 2008-06-25}}</ref>

| BoilingPtC = 850

| BoilingPt_ref = <ref name="web">{{cite web|url= http://www.webelements.com/compounds/americium/americium_trichloride.html|title= Chemistry: Periodic Table: americium: compound data (americium (III) chloride)|access-date=2008-06-24|publisher= WebElements}}</ref>}}

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| Coordination = Tricapped trigonal prismatic<br />(nine-coordinate)

| CrystalStruct = [[Hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] ([[Uranium trichloride#Structure|UCl₃ type]]), [[Pearson symbol|hP8]]

| SpaceGroup = P6₃/m, No. 176}}

| Section8 = {{Chembox Related

| Related_ref =

| OtherAnions =[[Americium(III) fluoride]]<br>[[Americium(III) bromide]]<br>[[Americium(III) iodide]]

| OtherCations =[[Plutonium(III) chloride]]<br>[[Curium(III) chloride]]<br>[[Europium(III) chloride]]

| OtherFunction =[[Americium(II) chloride]]

| OtherFunction_label =[[americium]] [[chloride]]s

| OtherCompounds =

}}

'''Americium(III) chloride''' or '''americium trichloride''' is the [[chemical compound]] composed of [[americium]] and [[chlorine]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] AmCl₃. This salt forms pink [[Hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] crystals.

In the solid state each americium atom has nine chlorine atoms as near neighbours, at approximately the same distance, in a tricapped trigonal prismatic configuration.<ref>L. B. Asprey, T. K. Keenan, F. H. Kruse: "Crystal Structures of the Trifluorides, Trichlorides, Tribromides, and Triiodides of Americium and Curium", ''[[Inorg. Chem.]]'' '''1965''', ''4&nbsp;(7)'', 985–986; {{doi|10.1021/ic50029a013}}.</ref><ref>A. F. Wells: ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition (1984) Oxford Science Publications, {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.</ref>

The hexahydrate has a monocline crystal structure with: a&nbsp;=&nbsp;970.2&nbsp;pm, b&nbsp;=&nbsp;656.7&nbsp;pm and c&nbsp;=&nbsp;800.9&nbsp;pm; β&nbsp;=&nbsp;93°&nbsp;37'; space group: ''P''2/''n''.<ref>John H. Burns, Joseph Richard Peterson: "The Crystal Structures of Americium Trichloride Hexahydrate and Berkelium Trichloride Hexahydrate", ''[[Inorg. Chem.]]'' '''1971''', ''10&nbsp;(1)'', 147–151; {{doi|10.1021/ic50095a029}}.</ref>

== Reactions ==

An americium(III) chloride [[electrorefining]] method has been investigated to separate mixtures of [[actinides]], since the [[Gibbs Energy#Standard change of formation|standard Gibbs free energy of formation]] of americium(III) chloride is much different than the rest of the actinide chlorides.<ref name="pyro">

{{Citation

| last = Nuclear Energy Agency

| year = 2001

| title = Proceedings of the Workshop on Pyrochemical Separations

| place = Avignon, France

| publisher = OECD Publishing

| isbn = 92-64-18443-0

| pages = 276–277

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Gv7ohTjfG0UC&q=%22Americium+chloride%22&pg=PA277

| access-date = 2008-06-24

}}</ref>

This can be used to remove americium from [[plutonium]] by melting the crude mixture together with salts such as [[sodium chloride]].<ref name="nuke">

{{Citation

| year = 1992

| title = Plutonium Processing In The Nuclear Weapons Complex

| publisher = Diane Publishing

| isbn = 1-56806-568-X

| pages = 21

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0fc3lpCtUM4C&q=%22Americium+chloride%22&pg=PA21

| access-date = 2008-06-24

}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Americium compounds}}

{{Chlorides}}

{{Actinide halides}}

[[Category:Americium compounds]]

[[Category:Chlorides]]

[[Category:Actinide halides]]

{{Inorganic-compound-stub}}