Clopyralid: Difference between revisions

{{Chembox

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 431582573

| ImageSize = 160

| ImageFile1 = Clopyralid-3D-spacefill.png

| ImageSize1 = 180

| ImageAlt1 = Adding space-filling model, adding alt text

| PIN = 3,6-Dichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 10G14M0WDH

| PubChem = 15553

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 14797

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 1650605

| SMILES1 = c1cc(nc(c1Cl)C(=O)O)Cl

| InChI = 1/C6H3Cl2NO2/c7-3-1-2-4(8)9-5(3)6(10)11/h1-2H,(H,10,11)

| InChIKey = HUBANNPOLNYSAD-UHFFFAOYAP

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| StdInChI = 1S/C6H3Cl2NO2/c7-3-1-2-4(8)9-5(3)6(10)11/h1-2H,(H,10,11)

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = HUBANNPOLNYSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

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| MeltingPtC = 150 to 152

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'''Clopyralid''' (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a selective [[herbicide]] used for control of broadleaf weeds, especially [[thistle]]s and [[clover]]s. Clopyralid is in the [[picolinic acid]] family of herbicides, which also includes [[aminopyralid]], [[picloram]], [[triclopyr]], and several less common herbicides.<ref name=VT>Staff, Virginia Tech Cooperative Extension. Revised May 14, 2012 [http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/VTTP/VTTP-6/VTTP-6_pdf.pdf Pyridine Herbicide Carryover: Causes and Precautions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130011248/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/VTTP/VTTP-6/VTTP-6_pdf.pdf |date=2016-11-30 }} Accessed May 27, 2013</ref><ref>Bob Hartzler, extension weed management specialist, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University. February 21, 2006 [http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/mgmt/2006/aminopyralid.shtml Aminopyralid - New herbicide for pastures, roadsides, etc.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103050326/http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/mgmt/2006/aminopyralid.shtml |date=2014-11-03 }} Accessed May 27, 2013</ref> For control of creeping thistle, ''[[Cirsium arvense]]'', a noxious, perennial weed, clopyralid is one of the few effective herbicides available. It is particularly damaging to peas, tomatoes, and sunflowers, and can render potatoes, lettuce, and spinach inedible.<ref name=Moody>{{cite news | url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/environment/article3696921.ece | title=Weedkiller banned in US 'is getting into compost and killing garden vegetables' | newspaper=The Times | location=London | first=Oliver | last=Moody | date=23 February 2013}}</ref> It does not affect grasses (family [[Poaceae]]).{{Citation needed|date = December 2012}}

Clopyralid is known for its ability to persist in dead plants and [[compost]], and has accumulated to phytotoxic levels in finished compost in a few highly publicized cases. This first came to light in Washington, when during 2000 and 2001, residues of clopyralid were detected in commercial compost, and compost made at a municipal site damaged tomatoes and other garden plants planted in it. Word quickly spread to other local and state governments, and in 2002, [[DowAgro]], the manufacturer of clopyralid, voluntarily deregistered it for use on domestic lawns in the US<ref>David E. Haskell , California Department of Pesticide Regulation [http://www.cwss.org/proceedingsfiles/2003/045_2003.pdf Clopyralid in Compost]{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2003 Proceedings of the California Weed Science Society 55:163-166</ref> and it is banned in several US states, but it is found in consumer products in Europe such as Scotts Verdone Extra and Vitax Lawn Clear 2.<ref name=Moody />

Clopyralid is licensed for lawn use in [[France]] and under these names:

Brand names of clopyralid in the US market include Stinger, Transline, Reclaim,<ref name=VT /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weedscience.com/summary/ChemFamilySum.asp?lstActive=&btnSub1=Go&lstHRAC=24&btnSub2=Go |title=Herbicide Resistant Weeds |accessdate=2011-03-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023102/http://www.weedscience.com/summary/ChemFamilySum.asp?lstActive=&btnSub1=Go&lstHRAC=24&btnSub2=Go |archivedate=2011-07-18 }}</ref> Curtail, Confront, Clopyr AG, Lontrel, Millennium Ultra, Millenium Ultra Plus and Redeem.

[[Category:Auxinic herbicides]]

[[Category:Chloropyridines]]