Tricaine mesylate: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

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{{redirect-multi|1|MS-222|other uses|MS222 (disambiguation){{!}}MS222}}

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| verifiedrevid = 455329821

| IUPAC_name = Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonic acid

| image = tricaine.png

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| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->

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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CAS_number = 886-86-2

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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 971ZM8IPK1

| ATCvet = yes

| ATC_prefix = N01

| ATC_suffix = AX93

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| PubChem = 13454

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 12878

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/C9H11NO2.CH4O3S/c1-2-12-9(11)7-4-3-5-8(10)6-7;1-5(2,3)4/h3-6H,2,10H2,1H3;1H3,(H,2,3,4)

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = FQZJYWMRQDKBQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

<!--Chemical data-->| chemical_formula =

| C = 10

| H = 15

| N = 1

| O = 5

| S = 1

| smiles = [NH3+]C1=CC=CC(C(OCC)=O)=C1.CS(=O)([O-])=O

| synonyms = Syncaine<br />Metacaine<br />Tricaine<br />MS-222<br />Finquel<br />TMS

| melting_point = 149.5

'''Tricaine mesylate''' ('''Tricaine methanesulfonate''', '''TMS''', '''MS-222, Syncaine, Tricaine-S,'''), is white powder used for [[anesthesia]], sedation, or [[euthanasia]] of fish. TMS is the only anesthetic licensed in the United States for fin fish that are intended for human consumption.

The drug can have selective toxicity for [[poikilotherm]]s due to their lower rate of metabolism in the liver.<ref name="pmid185356">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wayson KA, Downes H, Lynn RK, Gerber N | title = Studies on the comparative pharmacology and selective toxicity of tricaine methanesulfonate: metabolism as a basis of the selective toxicity in poikilotherms | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 198 | issue = 3 | pages = 695–708 | date = September 1976 | pmid = 185356 }}</ref>

Tricaine is an anaesthetic that operates by preventing sodium ions to enter the cell and thus silencing [[action potentials]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-010-9188-0|doi = 10.1007/s11160-010-9188-0|title = A review of tricaine methanesulfonate for anesthesia of fish|year = 2011| vauthors = Carter KM, Woodley CM, Brown RS |journal = Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries|volume = 21| issue=1 |pages = 51–59| bibcode=2011RFBF...21...51C |s2cid = 39693748|url-access = subscription}}</ref> This has the net effect of blocking signal exchange between the [[brain]] and extremities.

MSD Animal Health is one of the largest manufacturers of Tricaine in Norway and other European markets under the brand name Finquel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-05 |title=MSD ANIMAL HEALTH ACQUIRES SCAN AQUA AS |url=https://fishfocus.co.uk/msd-animal-health-acquires-scan-aqua/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=Fish Focus |language=en-GB}}</ref> The largest manufacturer of Tricaine in North America is Syndel under the brand name Syncaine. Syncaine is manufactured in [[Ferndale, Washington]], in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://syndel.com/product/tricaine-s-ms-222/|title=Tricaine-S (MS-222) Fish Anesthetic {{!}} Aqualife TMS Fish Sedative|website=Syndel|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2021}} Syncaine is used for handling fish, [[amphibian]]s, and other cold-blooded animals during manual spawning, as well as during marking, measuring, photography, research, surgical operations, transport, and weighing of fish.

The optimum concentration may vary with the size and species of the fish, and other variables.

It is easily soluble in water (both fresh and salt) but it drastically decreases the [[pH]] of water, increasing the acidity, which may be toxic for fish. [[Sodium bicarbonate]] can be used to buffer the solution to a pH range of 6.5-7.5. Usually an equal amount of buffer is added to attain a neutral pH.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Brown C, Pavek T | veditors = Bowser P | chapter = Fish and Amphibian Euthanasia | title = Animal Care and Use Procedure (ACUP) | url = http://www.research.cornell.edu/care/documents/ACUPs/ACUP306.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150613124936/http://www.research.cornell.edu/care/documents/ACUPs/ACUP306.pdf | archive-date = 13 June 2015 | publisher = Cornell University }}</ref> In salt/marine/sea water, the buffer use may not be necessary because sea water itself has buffering capacity {{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}. The solution of TMS needs to be prepared freshly each time because TMS is light-sensitive and might form toxic by-products upon exposure to light {{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}. Fish treated with Tricaine cannot be slaughtered for human consumption until a certain withdrawal period is reached, for example 21 days in the United States for Syncaine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Approved Aquaculture Drugs FDA |website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |date=26 July 2023 |url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/aquaculture/approved-aquaculture-drugs }}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Benzoate esters]]