Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Zirconium tetrafluoride: Difference between pages

| verifiedrevid = 470637858

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| PubChem = 82216

| EINECS = 232-018-1

| UNII = 1XHF39056H

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| CASNo2 = 15298-38-1

| CASNo2_Comment = (monohydrate)

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| MeltingPtC = 910

| BoilingPt =

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| CrystalStruct = [[Monoclinic]], [[Pearson symbol|mS60]]

| SpaceGroup = C12/c1, No. 15

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalSDS =

| NFPA-S =

| LD50 = 98 mg/kg (oral, mouse)<br/>98 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref>{{IDLH|7440677|Zirconium compounds (as Zr)}}</ref>

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = [[Zirconium(IV) chloride]]<br/>[[Zirconium(IV) bromide]]<br/>[[Zirconium(IV) iodide]]

| OtherCations = [[Titanium(IV) fluoride]]<br/>[[Hafnium(IV) fluoride]]

'''Zirconium(IV) fluoride''' describes members of a family [[inorganic compounds]] with the formula ([[Zirconium|Zr]][[Fluoride|F₄]](H₂O)_x. All are colorless, diamagnetic solids. Anhydrous Zirconium(IV) fluoride' is a component of [[ZBLAN]] [[fluoride glass]].<ref name=Ull>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a28_543 |chapter=Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |year=2000 |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ralph |isbn=3527306730 }}</ref>

==Structure==

[[Image:ZrF4tetragonal.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tetragonal]] ZrF₄]]

Three crystalline phases of ZrF₄ have been reported, α ([[monoclinic]]), β ([[tetragonal]], [[Pearson symbol]] tP40, [[space group]] P42/m, No 84) and γ (unknown structure). β and γ phases are unstable and irreversibly transform into the α phase at 400&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite book|page=144| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DvqwTdVhjMEC&pg=PA144| title=Chemical thermodynamics of zirconium|author1=Paul L. Brown |author2=Federico J. Mompean |author3=Jane Perrone |author4=Myriam Illemassène | publisher= Gulf Professional Publishing| year=2005| isbn=0-444-51803-7}}</ref>

Zirconium(IV) fluoride forms several hydrates. The trihydrate has the structure {{chem2|(μ\sF)2[ZrF3(H20)3]2}}.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=965}}</ref>

==Preparation and reactions==

Zirconium fluoride can be produced by several methods. [[Zirconium dioxide]] reacts with hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid to afford the anhydrous and monohydrates:

:{{chem2|ZrO2 + 4 HF -> ZrF4 + 2 H2O}}

The reaction of Zr metal reacts at high temperatures with HF as well:

:{{chem2|Zr + 4 HF -> ZrF4 + 2 H2}}

Zirconium dioxide reacts at 200 °C with solid [[ammonium bifluoride]] to give the heptafluorozirconate salt, which can be converted to the tetrafluoride at 500 °C:

:{{chem2|2ZrO2 + 7 (NH4)HF2 -> 2 (NH4)3ZrF7 + 4 H2O + NH3}}

:{{chem2|(NH4)3ZrF7 -> ZrF4 + 3 HF + 3 NH3}}

Addition of hydrofluoric acid to solutions of [[zirconium nitrate]] precipitates solid monohydrate. Hydrates of zirconium tetrafluoride can be dehydrated by heating under a stream of hydrogen fluoride.

Zirconium fluoride can be purified by [[distillation]] or [[sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]].<ref name=Ull/>

Zirconium fluoride forms double salts with other [[fluoride]]s. The most prominent is potassium hexafluorozironate, formed by fusion of potassium fluoride and zirconium tetrafluoride:<ref>{{Kirk-Othmer|doi=10.1002/0471238961.2009200113051908.a01|title=Fluorine compounds, inorganic, titanium|first=Dayal&nbsp;T.|last=Meshri|year=2000}}</ref>

:{{chem2|ZrF4 + 2 KF -> K2ZrF6}}

==Applications==

The major and perhaps only commercial application of zirconium fluoride is as a precursor to ZBLAN glasses.<ref name=Ull/>

Mixture of sodium fluoride, zirconium fluoride, and [[uranium tetrafluoride]] (53-41-6&nbsp;mol.%) was used as a coolant in the [[Aircraft Reactor Experiment]]. A mixture of [[lithium fluoride]], [[beryllium fluoride]], zirconium fluoride, and [[uranium tetrafluoride|uranium-233 tetrafluoride]] was used in the [[Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment]]. ([[Uranium-233]] is used in the [[thorium fuel cycle]] reactors.){{cn|date=June 2023}}

==References==

{{reflist}}

* ORNL/TM-2006/12 Assessment of Candidate Molten Salt Coolants for the [[Advanced High-Temperature Reactor]] (AHTR), March 2006 (Accessed 2008/9/18)

{{Zirconium compounds}}

{{fluorine compounds}}

[[Category:Fluorides]]

[[Category:Zirconium(IV) compounds]]

[[Category:Metal halides]]