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which simply calculates the ratio of the beam solid angle to the solid angle of a sphere. The beam solid angle can be approximated for antennas with one...

beam axle, rigid axle, or solid axle is a dependent suspension design in which a set of wheels is connected laterally by a single beam or shaft. Beam...

The steradian (symbol: sr) or square radian is the unit of solid angle in the International System of Units (SI). It is used in three dimensional geometry...

to the beam direction, σ x ′ {\displaystyle \sigma _{x'}} and σ y ′ {\displaystyle \sigma _{y'}} are the RMS values for the beam solid angle in the x...

separation of the weak scattered intensity from the strong main beam. The smaller the desired angle, the more difficult this becomes. The problem is comparable...

"spread out" the light is in area and angle. It corresponds to the beam parameter product (BPP) in Gaussian beam optics. Other names for etendue include...

terms for similar items include H-beam, I-profile, universal column (UC), w-beam (for "wide flange"), universal beam (UB), rolled steel joist (RSJ), or...

Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which...

vacuum. The electron beam causes atoms from the target to transform into the gaseous phase. These atoms then precipitate into solid form, coating everything...

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally across the beam's axis (an element designed to carry a load pushing parallel...

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is an experimental technique used in condensed matter physics to probe the allowed energies and momenta...

In optics, a Gaussian beam is an idealized beam of electromagnetic radiation whose amplitude envelope in the transverse plane is given by a Gaussian function;...

from, or is reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The procedure for conversion from spectral radiance to luminance is...

however, when the medium is excited, it emits photons and forms the laser beam. Solid-state lasers operate at wavelengths on the order of 1 micrometer, much...

spacing of the grating, θ the angle between the incident beam and the normal (N) of the entrance surface and φ the angle between the normal and the grating...

\varphi } is the angle of rotation of the normal to the mid-surface of the beam. Combining the two equations gives, for a homogeneous beam of constant cross-section...

unit solid angle. If a lamp has a 1 lumen bulb and the optics of the lamp are set up to focus the light evenly into a 1 steradian beam, then the beam would...

of the beam and blade are parallel, a small mark on the swivel plate coincides with the zero line on the graduated dial. To measure an angle between...

experimentally determine wetting is to look at the contact angle (θ), which is the angle connecting the solid–liquid interface and the liquid–gas interface (as...

diffraction, an incident beam of finite width cannot have a single angle of incidence; there must be some divergence of the beam. Moreover, the graph of...