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It numbered 650 persons, most of whom belonged to [[Stepan Bandera]]’s wing of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]]. It served for a year in [[Belarus]] before being disbanded.<ref name="autogenerated1940">І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp 371-382</ref>
It numbered 650 persons, most of whom belonged to [[Stepan Bandera]]’s wing of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]]. It served for a year in [[Belarus]] before being disbanded.<ref name="autogenerated1940">І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp 371-382</ref>


Many of its members, especially the commanding officers, went on to the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] and [[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)|SS-Freiwilligen-Schützen-Division «Galizien»]] in spring 1943.<ref>Боляновський А.В. Дивізія «Галичина»: історія — Львів: - Andriy Bolyanovs`kyi , The Division "Galicia". It's History Lviv 2000. ISBN 966-02-1635-1</ref><ref>Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine</ref>
Many of its members, especially the commanding officers, went on to the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]].


==Formation and training==
==Formation and training==


This formation was started October 21, 1941 out of 4 [[Company (military unit)|companies]], the commanders were: 1st - Roman Shukevych (and deputy commander of the battalion), 2nd - M. Brigider, 3rd- Vasyl Sidor, 4th Pavlyk. The formal commander of the Battalion became former Polish Army Major Evhen Pobyhushchy, however, the SD liaisons officer Wilhelm Mocha became the actual Commander of the Battalion.<ref name="autogenerated1940">І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN)</ref> According to the writings of Major Evhen Pobyhushschy, by the time of the battalion's formation most of the Ukrainian soldiers considered both Germany and the Soviet Union to be terrible, powerful enemies of Ukraine, but considered the Soviets to be the more terrible enemies who ought to be fought. During the trasining period there were tensions between the German command and the Ukrainians. They departed for Belarus on March 19 and 22, 1942.<ref>[http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Patr/13.pdf .К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004] pp. 373-375</ref>
This formation was started October 21, 1941 out of 4 [[Company (military unit)|companies]], the commanders were: 1st - Roman Shukevych (and deputy commander of the battalion), 2nd - M. Brigider, 3rd- Vasyl Sidor, 4th Pavlyk. The formal commander of the Battalion became former Polish Army Major Evhen Pobyhushchy, however, the SD liaisons officer Wilhelm Mocha became the actual Commander of the Battalion.<ref name="autogenerated1940">І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN)</ref> According to the post war writings of [[Sturmbannführer]] Evhen Pobyhushschy <ref>Боляновський А.В. Дивізія «Галичина»: історія — Львів: - Andriy Bolyanovs`kyi , The Division "Galicia". It's History Lviv 2000. ISBN 966-02-1635-1 page 61</ref>, by the time of the battalion's formation most of the Ukrainian soldiers considered both Germany and the Soviet Union to be terrible, powerful enemies of Ukraine, but considered the Soviets to be the more terrible enemies who ought to be fought. During the trasining period there were tensions between the German command and the Ukrainians. They departed for Belarus on March 19 and 22, 1942.<ref>[http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Patr/13.pdf .К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004] pp. 373-375</ref>


==The Uniform ==
==The Uniform ==
Line 41: Line 42:


== In Belarus==
== In Belarus==
John Paul Himka, a specialist in Ukrainian history during World War II, notes that although units such as the 201 Battalion were routinely used to fight partisans and kill Jews, no one has studied the specific activities of the 201st battalion from this perspective and this ought to be a subject for further study.<ref>[http://www.brama.com/news/press/2008/03/080319himka_nachtigall.html True and False Episodes from the Nachtigall Episode] Op-Ed by John Paul Himka</ref>


On March 16, 1942 the battalion traveled east and on March 19 its first subunits arrived in Belarus where it served in the triangle between [[Mahiliou]]-[[Vitsebsk]]-[[Lepel]]. The battalion wasn't concentrated at one point but spread out in order to guard various strategic areas. For example, on group guarded large ammunition and weapon warehouses while other groups were stationed in various Belrusian villages. They guarded bridges, protected the German administration, and hunted in the woods for [[Soviet partisans|Soviet partisan]] bases. The conflicts between Germans and Ukrainians, evident during the training, continued during these operations; relations between the German and Ukrainian officers were poor.<ref>[http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Patr/13.pdf .К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004] pp. 378-386</ref>
On March 16, 1942 the battalion traveled east and on March 19 its first subunits arrived in Belarus. In the post war writings of [[Sturmbannführer]] Evhen Pobyhushschy claimed that it served in the triangle between [[Mahiliou]]-[[Vitsebsk]]-[[Lepel]]. The battalion wasn't concentrated at one point but spread out in order to guard various strategic areas. For example, on group guarded large ammunition and weapon warehouses while other groups were stationed in various Belrusian villages. They guarded bridges, protected the German administration, and hunted in the woods for [[Soviet partisans|Soviet partisan]] bases. The conflicts between Germans and Ukrainians, evident during the training, continued during these operations; relations between the German and Ukrainian officers were poor.<ref>[http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Patr/13.pdf .К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004] pp. 378-386</ref> Modern researchers challenged the reliability of such claims. <ref>Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)
The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine</ref>


German historian professor Frank Golczewski from the [[University of Hamburg]] <ref>http://www.geschichte.uni-hamburg.de/personal/golczewski1.html</ref> describes the activities of Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201 at Belarus as “fighting partisans and killing Jews".<ref>“Die Kollaboration in der Ukraine,” in Christoph Dieckmann, Babette Quinkert, Tatjana Tönsmeyer (eds.), Kooperation und Verbrechen. Formen der “Kollaboration“ im östlichen Europa 1939-1945 (Göttingen: Wallenstein, 2003) p 176</ref><ref>Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)
German historian professor Frank Golczewski from the [[University of Hamburg]] <ref>http://www.geschichte.uni-hamburg.de/personal/golczewski1.html</ref> describes the activities of Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201 at Belarus as “fighting partisans and killing Jews".<ref>“Die Kollaboration in der Ukraine,” in Christoph Dieckmann, Babette Quinkert, Tatjana Tönsmeyer (eds.), Kooperation und Verbrechen. Formen der “Kollaboration“ im östlichen Europa 1939-1945 (Göttingen: Wallenstein, 2003) p 176</ref><ref>Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)
The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine</ref> However, John Paul Himka, a specialist in Ukrainian history during World War II, notes that although units such as the 201 Battalion were routinely used to fight partisans and kill Jews, no one has studied the specific activities of the 201st battalion from this perspective and this ought to be a subject for further study.<ref>[http://www.brama.com/news/press/2008/03/080319himka_nachtigall.html True and False Episodes from the Nachtigall Episode] Op-Ed by John Paul Himka</ref>
The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine</ref>

More than 2000 Soviet partisans were killed by battalion personnel during its stay in Belarus. The stay in Belarus provided the Ukrainian soldiers not only with to opportunity to gain experience in partisan warfare but also provided insight into the German tactics of fighting against partisans. This information would prove valuable when the members of the 201 battalion would later desert and conduct guerrilla warfare themselves, against the Germans.<ref name="autogenerated1940">І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp 371-386</ref><ref name="history.org.ua">Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія. Інститут історії НАН України.2004р Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія</ref>
More than 2000 Soviet partisans were killed by battalion personnel during its stay in Belarus. The stay in Belarus provided the Ukrainian soldiers not only with to opportunity to gain experience in partisan warfare but also provided insight into the German tactics of fighting against partisans. This information would prove valuable when the members of the 201 battalion would later conduct guerrilla warfare themselves<ref name="autogenerated1940">І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp 371-386</ref><ref name="history.org.ua">Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія. Інститут історії НАН України.2004р Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія</ref>


==Disbanding==
==Disbanding==
Line 55: Line 59:


== Post war assessment ==
== Post war assessment ==
The publications of the proponents of the Bandera's [[OUN]]-[[UPA]] appeared at [[Ukranian Diaspora]] and later in Ukraines tend to overlook or ignore the period of the unit existence entirely. Some of them deny that there were any “real” partisans in Belarus at this point and alternatively that no civilians were victims of the activities of the Schutzmannschaft battalion 201.
{{Empty section|date=October 2010}}
<ref>Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)
The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine</ref>

In [[Belarus]] activities of the unit described as:

<blockquote>Shukhevych’s hangmen mercilessly killed thousands of “Moskali” and Belarusians…The OUN men in the Vitsebsk voblasts’, and in Minsk, and in Khatyn’, and in hundreds of other villages and cities behaved no less “bravely,” shooting people and burned them alive.
</blockquote>

<ref>Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)
The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine</ref>

==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

Revision as of 08:01, 18 October 2010

201st Schutzmannschaft Battalion
Activefrom late October 1941 to December 1942
Country Nazi Germany
BranchSD
Typebattalion
Size650
EngagementsAnti-partisan operations in Belarus Holocaust in Belarus,
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Yevhen Pobigushchiy, Roman Shukhevych Wilhelm Mocha

The 201st Schutzmannschaft Battalion was a Security Police unit composed from the personnel of the Abwehrs Roland Battalion and Nachtigall Battalion.

It numbered 650 persons, most of whom belonged to Stepan Bandera’s wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. It served for a year in Belarus before being disbanded.[1]

Many of its members, especially the commanding officers, went on to the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and SS-Freiwilligen-Schützen-Division «Galizien» in spring 1943.[2][3]


Formation and training

This formation was started October 21, 1941 out of 4 companies, the commanders were: 1st - Roman Shukevych (and deputy commander of the battalion), 2nd - M. Brigider, 3rd- Vasyl Sidor, 4th Pavlyk. The formal commander of the Battalion became former Polish Army Major Evhen Pobyhushchy, however, the SD liaisons officer Wilhelm Mocha became the actual Commander of the Battalion.[1] According to the post war writings of Sturmbannführer Evhen Pobyhushschy [4], by the time of the battalion's formation most of the Ukrainian soldiers considered both Germany and the Soviet Union to be terrible, powerful enemies of Ukraine, but considered the Soviets to be the more terrible enemies who ought to be fought. During the trasining period there were tensions between the German command and the Ukrainians. They departed for Belarus on March 19 and 22, 1942.[5]

The Uniform

The Battalion were given German Police Uniforms .

In Belarus

John Paul Himka, a specialist in Ukrainian history during World War II, notes that although units such as the 201 Battalion were routinely used to fight partisans and kill Jews, no one has studied the specific activities of the 201st battalion from this perspective and this ought to be a subject for further study.[6]

On March 16, 1942 the battalion traveled east and on March 19 its first subunits arrived in Belarus. In the post war writings of Sturmbannführer Evhen Pobyhushschy claimed that it served in the triangle between Mahiliou-Vitsebsk-Lepel. The battalion wasn't concentrated at one point but spread out in order to guard various strategic areas. For example, on group guarded large ammunition and weapon warehouses while other groups were stationed in various Belrusian villages. They guarded bridges, protected the German administration, and hunted in the woods for Soviet partisan bases. The conflicts between Germans and Ukrainians, evident during the training, continued during these operations; relations between the German and Ukrainian officers were poor.[7] Modern researchers challenged the reliability of such claims. [8]


German historian professor Frank Golczewski from the University of Hamburg [9] describes the activities of Schutzmannschaft Battalion 201 at Belarus as “fighting partisans and killing Jews".[10][11]

More than 2000 Soviet partisans were killed by battalion personnel during its stay in Belarus. The stay in Belarus provided the Ukrainian soldiers not only with to opportunity to gain experience in partisan warfare but also provided insight into the German tactics of fighting against partisans. This information would prove valuable when the members of the 201 battalion would later conduct guerrilla warfare themselves[1][12]

Disbanding

On December 1, 1942 after the expiration of their contracts, the members of the Legion refused to promulgate it. As the result, the 201 st Battalion was disbanded and taken to Lviv.

The German command suggested to all those who had been in the Battalion to gather in Lublin to form a new unit, however, not one of the Ukrainians signed up, only few showed up. Some were arrested and placed in the jail on Lonsky street, Roman Shukhevych however, escaped.[1]

Post war assessment

The publications of the proponents of the Bandera's OUN-UPA appeared at Ukranian Diaspora and later in Ukraines tend to overlook or ignore the period of the unit existence entirely. Some of them deny that there were any “real” partisans in Belarus at this point and alternatively that no civilians were victims of the activities of the Schutzmannschaft battalion 201. [13]

In Belarus activities of the unit described as:

Shukhevych’s hangmen mercilessly killed thousands of “Moskali” and Belarusians…The OUN men in the Vitsebsk voblasts’, and in Minsk, and in Khatyn’, and in hundreds of other villages and cities behaved no less “bravely,” shooting people and burned them alive.

[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp 371-382 Cite error: The named reference "autogenerated1940" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ Боляновський А.В. Дивізія «Галичина»: історія — Львів: - Andriy Bolyanovs`kyi , The Division "Galicia". It's History Lviv 2000. ISBN 966-02-1635-1
  3. ^ Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine
  4. ^ Боляновський А.В. Дивізія «Галичина»: історія — Львів: - Andriy Bolyanovs`kyi , The Division "Galicia". It's History Lviv 2000. ISBN 966-02-1635-1 page 61
  5. ^ .К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp. 373-375
  6. ^ True and False Episodes from the Nachtigall Episode Op-Ed by John Paul Himka
  7. ^ .К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 pp. 378-386
  8. ^ Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine
  9. ^ http://www.geschichte.uni-hamburg.de/personal/golczewski1.html
  10. ^ “Die Kollaboration in der Ukraine,” in Christoph Dieckmann, Babette Quinkert, Tatjana Tönsmeyer (eds.), Kooperation und Verbrechen. Formen der “Kollaboration“ im östlichen Europa 1939-1945 (Göttingen: Wallenstein, 2003) p 176
  11. ^ Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine
  12. ^ Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія. Інститут історії НАН України.2004р Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія
  13. ^ Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine
  14. ^ Per Anders Rudling University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications. World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine An international conference September 23–26, 2009 Kyiv, Ukraine

Sources

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