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{{short description|Russian-German far-right political movement}}
{{short description|Russian-German far-right political movement}}
The '''Aufbau Vereinigung''' (Reconstruction Organisation) was a [[Munich]]-based counterrevolutionary conspiratorial group formed in the aftermath of the [[Ukrainian War of Independence|German occupation of Ukraine in 1918]] and of the [[West Russian Volunteer Army|Latvian Intervention of 1919]]. It brought together [[White movement|White Russian]] [[émigré|émigrés]] and early German [[Nazism|Nazis]] who aimed to overthrow the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union, replacing them with authoritarian régimes of the far right. The group was originally known as Die Bruecke (The Bridge). ''Aufbau'' was also the name of a periodical it brought out.<ref>''Russia and Germany, A Century of Conflict'' by [[Walter Laqueur]] London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1965. p76</ref>
The '''Wirtschaftliche Aufbau-Vereinigung''' (Economic Reconstruction Organisation) was a [[Munich]]-based counterrevolutionary conspiratorial group formed in the aftermath of the [[Ukrainian War of Independence|German occupation of Ukraine in 1918]] and of the [[West Russian Volunteer Army|Latvian Intervention of 1919]]. It brought together [[White movement|White Russian]] [[émigré|émigrés]] and early German [[Nazism|Nazis]] who aimed to overthrow the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union, replacing them with authoritarian régimes of the far right. ''Aufbau'' was also the name of the organization's periodical.<ref>''Russia and Germany, A Century of Conflict'' by [[Walter Laqueur]] London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1965. p76</ref>


The Aufbau (Economic-Political Society for Aid to the East) was founded in 1921 by General Vasily Biskupsky and the political writer [[Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter]]. The future top Nazi functionaries [[Alfred Rosenberg]] and [[Arno Schickedanz]] would serve for a time in the office of the organisation.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Petrov |first1=Igor |url=https://www.academia.edu/47752308 |title=&quot;Stakeholders, Hangers-On, and Copycats: the Russian Right in Berlin in 1933&quot; Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies – The George Washington University. lliberalism Studies Program Working Papers no. 6, April 2021 |last2=Beyda |first2=Oleg |date=2021-01-01}}</ref> According to Michael Kellogg,<ref>''The Russian Roots of Nazism White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917–1945'' by Michael Kellogg, Cambridge 2005</ref> the Aufbau Vereinigung was a vital influence on the development of Nazi ideology in the years before the [[Beer Hall Putsch]] of 1923 as well as financing the NSDAP with, for example, funds from monarchists and businessmen, such as [[Henry Ford]]. It gave [[Hitler]] the idea of a vast Jewish conspiracy, involving a close alliance between international finance and [[Bolshevism]] and threatening disaster for mankind.<ref>Kellogg p278</ref> Recent research on Hitler's early years in [[Vienna]] (1905-1913) appears to have shown that his [[antisemitism]] was at that time far less developed than it became under the new influences.<ref>''Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship'' by Brigitte Hamann New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. pp347-59.</ref>
The Aufbau (Economic-Political Society for Aid to the East) was founded in 1921 by General Vasily Biskupsky and the political writer [[Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter]]. The future top Nazi functionaries [[Alfred Rosenberg]] and [[Arno Schickedanz]] would serve for a time in the office of the organisation.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Petrov |first1=Igor |url=https://www.academia.edu/47752308 |title=&quot;Stakeholders, Hangers-On, and Copycats: the Russian Right in Berlin in 1933&quot; Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies – The George Washington University. lliberalism Studies Program Working Papers no. 6, April 2021 |last2=Beyda |first2=Oleg |date=2021-01-01}}</ref> According to author Michael Kellogg, the Aufbau Vereinigung was a vital influence on the development of Nazi ideology in the years before the [[Beer Hall Putsch]] of 1923 as well as financing the NSDAP with, for example, funds from monarchists and businessmen, such as [[Henry Ford]]. Kellogg goes as far as to claim that Aufbau was the organization primarily responsible for Hitler's antisemitism.<ref>''The Russian Roots of Nazism White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917–1945'' by Michael Kellogg, Cambridge 2005</ref>


Aufbau members became involved in terrorist activities, including the assassinations of German [[Foreign Minister of Germany|Foreign Minister]] [[Walther Rathenau]] and Russian émigré [[Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov]] (both in 1922).<ref>Kellogg p276</ref>
Aufbau members became involved in terrorist activities, including the assassinations of German [[Foreign Minister of Germany|Foreign Minister]] [[Walther Rathenau]] and Russian émigré [[Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov]] (both in 1922).<ref>Kellogg p276</ref>


After the death of Scheubner-Richter in the putsch, Aufbau rapidly declined, and notions of [[Lebensraum]] and [[Untermensch|Slavic inferiority]], naturally unpopular with the Russians, gained a stronger hold on the Nazi movement.<ref>Laqueur pp79 & 89</ref>
After the death of Scheubner-Richter in the [[Beer Hall Putsch]], Aufbau rapidly declined, and notions of [[Lebensraum]] and [[Untermensch|Slavic inferiority]], naturally unpopular with the Russians, gained a stronger hold on the Nazi movement.<ref>Laqueur pp79 & 89</ref>


The long-term influence of Aufbau has been traced{{by whom?|date=December 2015}} in the implementation of the [[final solution]]<ref>Kellogg p241</ref> and in Hitler's disastrous decision to divert troops away from Moscow towards Ukraine in 1941.<ref>Kellogg p279</ref>
Kellogg claims that the long-term influence of Aufbau played a large role in the theorization of the [[final solution]] and in Hitler's decision to divert troops away from Moscow towards Ukraine in 1941.<ref>Kellogg p241</ref><ref>Kellogg p279</ref>


Prominent members of Aufbau included:
Prominent members of Aufbau included:

Revision as of 21:14, 2 April 2024

The Wirtschaftliche Aufbau-Vereinigung (Economic Reconstruction Organisation) was a Munich-based counterrevolutionary conspiratorial group formed in the aftermath of the German occupation of Ukraine in 1918 and of the Latvian Intervention of 1919. It brought together White Russian émigrés and early German Nazis who aimed to overthrow the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union, replacing them with authoritarian régimes of the far right. Aufbau was also the name of the organization's periodical.[1]

The Aufbau (Economic-Political Society for Aid to the East) was founded in 1921 by General Vasily Biskupsky and the political writer Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter. The future top Nazi functionaries Alfred Rosenberg and Arno Schickedanz would serve for a time in the office of the organisation.[2] According to author Michael Kellogg, the Aufbau Vereinigung was a vital influence on the development of Nazi ideology in the years before the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 as well as financing the NSDAP with, for example, funds from monarchists and businessmen, such as Henry Ford. Kellogg goes as far as to claim that Aufbau was the organization primarily responsible for Hitler's antisemitism.[3]

Aufbau members became involved in terrorist activities, including the assassinations of German Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau and Russian émigré Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (both in 1922).[4]

After the death of Scheubner-Richter in the Beer Hall Putsch, Aufbau rapidly declined, and notions of Lebensraum and Slavic inferiority, naturally unpopular with the Russians, gained a stronger hold on the Nazi movement.[5]

Kellogg claims that the long-term influence of Aufbau played a large role in the theorization of the final solution and in Hitler's decision to divert troops away from Moscow towards Ukraine in 1941.[6][7]

Prominent members of Aufbau included:

References

  1. ^ Russia and Germany, A Century of Conflict by Walter Laqueur London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1965. p76
  2. ^ Petrov, Igor; Beyda, Oleg (2021-01-01). "Stakeholders, Hangers-On, and Copycats: the Russian Right in Berlin in 1933" Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies – The George Washington University. lliberalism Studies Program Working Papers no. 6, April 2021.
  3. ^ The Russian Roots of Nazism White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917–1945 by Michael Kellogg, Cambridge 2005
  4. ^ Kellogg p276
  5. ^ Laqueur pp79 & 89
  6. ^ Kellogg p241
  7. ^ Kellogg p279

External links

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