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I return the relevant information concerning the Orthodox Croats presented in the books of various historians
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Before the Croatian Orthodox Church was formed, the NDH officially described the Eastern Orthodox Church as the "Greek-Eastern Church", and would refer to it as the "Schismatic Church" or the "Greek non-Uniate Church". The Ustasha wanted to make their church legitimate; they asked for recognition from the [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] in [[Istanbul]].{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
Before the Croatian Orthodox Church was formed, the NDH officially described the Eastern Orthodox Church as the "Greek-Eastern Church", and would refer to it as the "Schismatic Church" or the "Greek non-Uniate Church". The Ustasha wanted to make their church legitimate; they asked for recognition from the [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] in [[Istanbul]].{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

== Orthodox Croats ==

[[Sokollu Mehmed Pasha]] 1566 issued an order in which he says that roman friars of [[Buda]], [[Timișoara]] and [[Dubrovnik]] and of all Croatian nation do not ask for charity if these people(Croats) belongs to the Greek Patriarch([[Greek Orthodoxy]]).<ref> (Krunoslav Draganović - O. Dominik Mandić, Herceg-Bosna i Hrvatska, Laus, Split, 1991, https://www.academia.edu/28688943/Herceg_Bosna_i_Hrvatska._Herzeg-Bosnia_and_Croatia_# page= 47</ref>From [[Syrmia]] 1634 we have a report on the Catholics which convert to Orthodoxy: more than 10 villages, i.e. Soljani, Veliki Remete, [[ Golubinci ]], [[ Ruma ]], Vojinci, [[ Manđelos ]] and [[ Sremska Mitrovica ]]"<ref>{{Sono andate al rito Raseiano piu di 10 ville eioe Soljani,Velike Remete, Golubinei, Ruma, Vojinei, Mangjeloš e Mitrovica,magior parte e fra tutto sarrano case 200 epiO https://www.academia.edu/28086638/Masovni_prijelazi_katolika_na_pravoslavlje_hrvatskog_govornog_podru%C4%8Dja_u_vrijeme_vladavine_Turaka._The_Massive_transfer_of_Catholics_to_Orthodoxy_in_the_Croatian_speaking_regions_during_the_Ottoman_reign_Krunoslav Draganović #page=76}}</ref> In 1635, Bishop Franjo Ergelski of Zagreb claimed that among Orthodox Vlachs nearly half were Catholics and that peasants who fled among the Vlachs abandoned the Catholic faith and convert to Orthodoxy. Orthodox priests according to Bishop Ergelski baptized Catholic children and performed other religious services for them<ref>O preseljavanju ‘‘odbjeglih kmetova” u Varaždinski generalat. Prilog poznavanju ranonovovjekovnih migracija na dijelu prostora današnje sjeverozapadne Hrvatske, Hrvoje Petrić, 2011. https://hrcak.srce.hr/85405#page=59</ref>There are records in the literature of the late 18th and early 19th centurie that point to the existence of Orthodox Croats. D. Teleki von Szék claims in 1795 that Croats were mostly Catholics and that to a lesser extent [[ Grenzers ]] of Military Frontier belong the [[ Greek Orthodox Church ]]. An 18th-century source after describing the fighting in which Croatian units participated, says that "there were three Greek priests with the Croats and two with the Hungarians. The Austrian writer Carl Christian Viktor writes in his book "Chronicon viennense" 1790 how the "Turkish Croats" invaded the emperor's land and plundered villages under the protection of "Pasha and Sanjak", while the "emperor Croats" in turn pursued those robbers and plundered the villages of "Turkish Croats". It can be assumed that part of the Turkish Croats are and Orthodox. According to Emperor [[ Joseph II ]](1785) in addition to Catholic Croats, there were also Croats of "Greek religion"<ref>Jernej Kopitar as a strategist of Karadžić’s reform of the literary language, Mario Grčević, 2009.https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68920 #page=27</ref>That the Orthodox were not all considered as Serbs but many as Croats not in the regional sense can be conclude on the basis of the national self-determination of their descendants who as migrants were arriving by ships to America via [[Ellis Island ]] near New York. Statements of emigrants were recorded by US officials or retrieved from shipping lists and entered into a computer database that covers the period 1892-1924. The database is available at the link<ref>https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger</ref>Records that testify existence of Orthodox who called themselves as Croats and came from western and southwestern jekavian area exist in large numbers.<ref> Jernej Kopitar as a strategist of Karadžić’s reform of the literary language, Mario Grčević, 2009. https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68920 #page=24</ref><ref>{{S prezimenom »Tesla« upisano je u bazi 89 osoba, od toga 29 Hrvata i 5 Srba. Oni koji su u bazi evidentirani kao Hrvati, zovu se »Vasilj«, »Vasily«, »Stevan«, »Simo«, »Sava«, »Rade«, »Petar«, »Marko«, »Mile«, a dolaze iz mjestâ kao npr. »Medak«, »Vojnic«, »Vrbovsko«, »Mitrovica«. Hrvatima se izjašnjavaju i doseljenici s prezimenom »Desnica« (pristigli 1906.—1913.) (»Vasilj«, »Stojan«, »Stefan«, »Siwo«, »Nicola«, »Mile«, »Joan«, itd.)z mjesta »Srbovcina«, »Serb«, »Srb«, »Kimocac«, »Kozin«, itd. Prezime »Desnica« u bazi ima 20 nositelja, od čega je za 10 evidentirano da su Hrvati, a 3 Srbi; prezime »Momcilovic« ima 48 nositelja, od čega 30 Hrvata, 10 Srba. Pod etničke Hrvate upisano je svih 11 osoba koje se prezivaju »Srbljan« (1905.—1913.) (»Jovo«, »Rade«, »Slavko«, itd.), iako baza evidentira da ima samo 9 Hrvata s tim prezimenom. Za usporedbu, prezime »Horvat« ima 1248 nositelja, među kojima su u bazi 382 osobe evidentirane kao Hrvati, a 5 kao Srbi. Pod prezimenom »Gjukic« u bazi je upisano 67 osoba, od toga 42 Hrvata i 4 Srbina; prezime »Mihajlovic« ima 75 nositelja, od toga 27 Hrvata, 8 Srba; prezime »Mihailovic« ima 41 nositelj, od toga 26 Hrvata, 1 Srbin; prezime »Dubaic« ima 12 nositelja, od toga 7 Hrvata, 2 Srbina; prezime »Raskovic« ima 41 nositelj, od toga 15 Hrvata, 4 Srbina; prezime »Lazarevic« imaju 32 nositelja, od toga 7 Hrvata, 4 Srbina; prezime »Milosevic« imaju 273 nositelja, od toga 116 Hrvata, 16 Srba (»Milosevich« 32, 9 Srba, nema Hrvata); prezime »Ciganovic« ima 45 nositelja, od toga 27 Hrvata, 7 Srba; prezime »Gutesa« ima 12 nositelja, od toga 6 Hrvata, nema Srba; prezime »Jerosimic« ima 5 nositelja, od toga 4 Hrvata, nema Srba; prezime »Trkulja« ima 98 nositelja, od toga 60 Hrvata, 4 Srba; prezime »Rakic« ima 159 nositelja, od toga 70 Hrvata, 29 Srba, prezime »Uzelac« ima 211 nositelja, od toga 121 Hrvat, 16 Srba, prezime »Vukasavljevic« ima jednu potvrdu, Hrvat; prezime »Strbac« ima 58 nositelja, od toga 23 Hrvata, 11 Srba; prezime »Pupovac« ima 36 nositelja, od toga 9 Hrvata, 3 Srbina; prezime »Dimitrovic« ima 35 nositelja, od toga 13 Hrvata, 8 Srba, itd.https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68920 #page=24,25 }}</ref> Most Catholics of southern [[ Herzegovina ]] especially in the central parts of the diocese in the 15th century or earlier convert to Orthodoxy.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/28086638/Masovni_prijelazi_katolika_na_pravoslavlje_hrvatskog_govornog_podru%C4%8Dja_u_vrijeme_vladavine_Turaka._The_Massive_transfer_of_Catholics_to_Orthodoxy_in_the_Croatian_speaking_regions_during_the_Ottoman_reign_ Krunoslav Draganović #page=51,52</ref> [[ Adolfo Veber Tkalčević ]] in a book "Trip to Constantinople" in 1886 talking with the Balkan peoples that live in Constantinople and they mentione Vlachs. This is part of the conversation: Tkalcevic says "How Croats, but they call themselves as Serbs in homeland if they are Orthodox. The person from Constantinople answers "I do not know how someone calling himself now in homeland because I have been in Constantinople for a long time but everyone here either [[ Vlachs ]] or Catholics call themselves as [[ Croats ]]. It's a name from old times!"<ref>https://digitalna.nsk.hr/pb/?object=view&id=11813&tify={%22pages%22:[181],%22panX%22:0.576,%22panY%22:0.327,%22view%22:%22s%20can%22,%22zoom%22:0.717}&tify={%22pages%22:[1],%22view%22:%22scan%22}#page=171,181</ref>Existence of Croats as Orthodox priests in the late 19th century testifies Serbian newspaper Srbobran in which was stated complaint that among Orthodox priests exist some "Orthodox Croats" priests.<ref>{{Jernej Kopitar as a strategist of Karadžić’s reform of the literary language, Mario Grčević, 2009. ; "Da je takvih pravoslavnih svećenika bilo još i krajem 19. stoljeća, kazuje pritužba u časopisu Srbobran da među pravoslavnim svećenicima »zatekosmo čak neke da su ›pravoslavni Hrvati‹ koji sa amvona srpskog prosvjetitelja Save hrvatsku misao propovijedahu" https://hrcak.srce.hr/44341#page=33}}</ref>


==Proposals for a revival==
==Proposals for a revival==
{{see also|Association of Croatian Orthodox Believers}}
{{see also|Association of Croatian Orthodox Believers}}
On 6 March 1993, Juraj Kolaric, dean of the Catholic Faculty of Theology in Zagreb, was reported by the [[Tanjug]] news agency as stating that the "Orthodox Church in Croatia should be organized along the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church|Macedonian]] principle, with its [[patriarch]], and break away as far as territory was concerned, from Serbia”.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/serbian_digest/77/t77-3.htm|title= The Orthodox Church in Croatia|publisher=Vreme News Digest Agency|number=77|date=15 March 1993|accessdate=11 Nov 2016}}</ref> Kolaric tried several times to establish such a church by the "Croat Orthodox believers and possible Croatian Orthodox clergy, because then all the conditions for an [[autocephalous]] church would be met". Kolaric claimed that if such a church were formed it would eventually by recognized by the Patriarch of Constantinople as the Serbian Orthodox Church would never again be present in Croatia.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
On 6 March 1993, Juraj Kolaric, dean of the Catholic Faculty of Theology in Zagreb, was reported by the [[Tanjug]] news agency as stating that the "Orthodox Church in Croatia should be organized along the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church|Macedonian]] principle, with its [[patriarch]], and break away as far as territory was concerned, from Serbia”.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/serbian_digest/77/t77-3.htm|title= The Orthodox Church in Croatia|publisher=Vreme News Digest Agency|number=77|date=15 March 1993|accessdate=11 Nov 2016}}</ref> Kolaric tried several times to establish such a church by the "Croat Orthodox believers and possible Croatian Orthodox clergy, because then all the conditions for an [[autocephalous]] church would be met". Kolaric claimed that if such a church were formed it would eventually by recognized by the Patriarch of Constantinople as the Serbian Orthodox Church would never again be present in Croatia.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}




==References==
==References==

Revision as of 07:20, 10 November 2019

Ante Pavelić (left) and Andrija Artuković (in the middle) meet Patriarch Germogen.

The Croatian Orthodox Church (Croatian: Hrvatska pravoslavna crkva) was a religious body created during World War II by the Fascist Ustaše regime in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH). It was created in order to assimilate the large Serb minority and also to unite other Orthodox communities into a state-based Orthodox Church.

NDH authorities finally made a move to organize a domestic Orthodox Church. This was part of a policy to eliminate Serb culture from Axis Croatia. The church lasted from 1942–45, and was intended to serve as a national church to which Serbs living in Croatia would convert, thus making it possible to describe them as "Croats of Orthodox faith". It was only recognized by one other Orthodox church, the Romanian Orthodox Church, on 4 August 1944[1] (at the time, Romania was also under the control of the Fascist regime of Ion Antonescu). The Croatian Orthodox Church was managed by Montenegrin nationalist Savić Marković Štedimlija. There were some discussions during the 1990s, after the breakup of Yugoslavia, regarding the revival of such a church.

History

The Croatian Orthodox Church was created, to be considered one of the three faiths to which Croats could officially belong (the main being Catholicism and Islam). The reason for the creation of this Church was a loss of a significant part of the territory to Partisans and Chetniks, as well as the additional German pressure over growing anarchy in the country, which is why concession to the Serb population was deemed necessary.[2][unreliable source?]

The church was formed by a government statute (No. XC-800-Z-1942) on 4 April 1942. On 5 June, using a statute issued by the government, the church's constitution was passed. On 7 June, Germogen became the only Orthodox Metropolitan of Zagreb. The church lasted until the collapse of the NDH. Its leader Germogen, Metropolitan of Zagreb and previously a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, who is said to have had Uniate sympathies, was shot dead by Partisans after the war as a collaborator. Many or most of the church's priests were Serbian priests compelled to change churches in order to survive, together with defrocked Orthodox priests, émigré priests from Russia, and some Uniate and Roman Catholic priests.[citation needed]

Before the Croatian Orthodox Church was formed, the NDH officially described the Eastern Orthodox Church as the "Greek-Eastern Church", and would refer to it as the "Schismatic Church" or the "Greek non-Uniate Church". The Ustasha wanted to make their church legitimate; they asked for recognition from the Ecumenical Patriarch in Istanbul.[citation needed]

Proposals for a revival

See also: Association of Croatian Orthodox Believers

On 6 March 1993, Juraj Kolaric, dean of the Catholic Faculty of Theology in Zagreb, was reported by the Tanjug news agency as stating that the "Orthodox Church in Croatia should be organized along the Macedonian principle, with its patriarch, and break away as far as territory was concerned, from Serbia”.[3] Kolaric tried several times to establish such a church by the "Croat Orthodox believers and possible Croatian Orthodox clergy, because then all the conditions for an autocephalous church would be met". Kolaric claimed that if such a church were formed it would eventually by recognized by the Patriarch of Constantinople as the Serbian Orthodox Church would never again be present in Croatia.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Krišto, Jure. Sukob simbola: Politika, vjere i ideologije u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj. Globus, Zagreb 2001. (pg. 258)
  2. ^ Kolaric 2007, pp. 232–234
  3. ^ "The Orthodox Church in Croatia". Vreme News Digest Agency. 15 March 1993. Retrieved 11 Nov 2016.

Sources

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatian_Orthodox_Church&oldid=925461297"