Draft:Medyan Dairieh

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Journalist Medyan Dairieh in the Nalut mountains of western Libya during his coverage of the 2011 Libyan conflict
Journalist Medyan Dairieh in the Nalut mountains in western Libya

Medyan Dairieh (Arabic: مدين ديرية) is an award-winning British-Palestinian journalist, war correspondent, photojournalist, filmmaker, and film documentary producer.

Journalist and filmmaker Medyan Dairieh receives the 2014 Peabody Award in New York City for his film documentary "The Islamic State"
Journalist and filmmaker Medyan Dairieh receives the 2014 Peabody Award in New York City for his film documentary "The Islamic State"

Medyan was born in Palestine, and since a young age has been studying and focusing on journalism and photojournalism, completing his studies in Great Britain. Since his twenties he has been covering conflicts and political crises in various countries such as Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Palestine, Lebanon, South Sudan, and Somalia.

Dairieh has worked with many international news agencies, TV channels, newspapers, and news websites, including Al Jazeera and Vice News among others. He has produced several film documentaries from war-torn areas often in very dangerous settings, but also from countries affected by famine[1], and refugee crisis[2] [3] . He has also compiled investigative and documentary reports on human rights [4] [5][6]; environmental issues; several reports on arms production in Britain, the U.S., and continental Europe; on arms trade; on conflicts and wars; on terrorism, including terrorism in Europe; and on Jihadism. More recently he has also written books on various Jihadist groups.

In 2011 Dairieh covered the military intervention in Libya and he remained in the country for the entire duration of the fighting until the defeat of Colonel Gheddafi’s forces. [7] In 2014 the journalist also gained unique access to the city of Benghazi while intense fighting was taking place between a coalition of militias and General Khalifa Haftar’s forces, and from there he went on filming the ongoing civil war in Tripoli and other areas in the country. [8]

In 2015 Dairieh was the first journalist to enter the Yemeni city of Aden despite being under siege, and during that time he filmed the documentary “The Siege of Aden”.[9] Medyan has been visiting Yemen several times since the start of the armed conflict, and has produced films and reports documenting the war and the severe humanitarian crisis in the country.[10] [11]

Dairieh has been visiting Syria repeatedly since the start of the 2011 uprising and has been covering the development of the conflict over the years. Medyan was the first journalist to interview and film foreign fighters who had joined the opposition at the start of the hostilities, while also making a film documentary on them. [12] In the country Dairieh has met with all the sides involved in the fighting within the opposition, always giving them a chance to express their motives for taking part in the conflict and their objectives, while also following them to the front line and filming them in battle. Despite his attempts to meet with the Syrian government and its armed forces, the opportunity did not present itself.

Medyan was the first journalist to meet the al-Nusra Front in Syria and to hold interviews with senior leaders of the Al-Qaeda affiliated Al-Nusra Front when the group had newly emerged. Dairieh spent several weeks in Syria documenting the Al-Nusra Front's fighting, while also being the first journalist to make a documentary about the Al-Nusra Front, which was entitled “Inside the Battle: Al Nusra-Al Qaeda in Syria”. [13]

Medyan had also met “The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (ISIS) and had filmed the jihadist group in Iraq before the Syrian crisis, while coming across all Iraqi resistance movements. He had also met with ISIS during their first appearance in Syria, thus gaining unprecedented access to the jihadist movement in both countries. As soon as ISIS announced the establishment of the caliphate, Medyan was the first journalist to visit Raqqa and to travel around the Islamic State territory in Syria and up to the town of Al-Qa’im in Iraq, at the time the Islamic State had declared the Sykes-Picot agreement void. Medyan then produced a unique and highly-acclaimed documentary about the Islamic State entitled “The Islamic State”. [14] By then the journalist could claim a long experience in investigative and documentary journalistic work and film documentaries.  

Dairieh’s work has not been free from danger. During his assignments Dairieh was injured several times, such as while covering some infighting in Iraq, while entering with Libyan rebels the last Ghaddafi’s stronghold of Abu Saleem in Tripoli[15][16], and while covering the fighting in Aleppo. [17]

Dairieh’s access and permission to film in the Islamic State have raised much controversy, with accusations of propaganda by “polishing the image” of ISIS, and even of “waiving the professional and ethical conditions of journalistic work”.[18] often being directed to him and and to Vice News following the release of the Islamic State film documentary. Both Dairieh and Vice News have been accused of propaganda by “polishing the image” of ISIS, and even of “waiving the professional and ethical conditions of journalistic work”.[18] Journalist Jean Paul Marthoz refers to Dairieh as “an experienced war correspondent” confronting major dangers and security risks in his trip to the Islamic State territory; yet by highlighting the group’s “concerns with controlling its image and the message conveyed”, Marthoz wonders to what extend Vice News turned into a “propagandist of a terrorist organisation”.[19] A similar view has also been expressed by Sebastian Meyer and Alicia P. Q. Wittmeyer, who despite acknowledging that Dairieh’s camera goes deeply into the caliphate, put into question the editorial control of the filming and the risk to promote “the political interests of the Islamic State” through it. [20]

Dairieh has always rejected these allegations, while maintaining that the aim of his long and thorough filming in many areas of the Islamic State territory was to provide missing information and convey the reality on the ground of the Islamic State “honestly and truthfully”[21], amid widespread “interpretations and speculations” about the Islamic State not really based on real knowledge on the ground.[22] Dairieh has always insisted that journalists are bound by their code of conduct to always preserve their integrity and to be as “objective and impartial as possible”, even when their independent coverage is inconvenient to some, included governments.[23] Dairieh has always asserted that there were no conditions imposed on him by Jihadist groups that would affect his independence and professionalism. Thus, his ethics of integrity and impartiality as a journalist were not sacrificed in order to get a close glimpse at these groups.[24] Moreover, according to Dairieh, the fact that he has always spoken to all parties involved in the conflicts he covered is only “sensible, fair, and consonant with the spirit of professionalism and independence”. [25] And yet his inclusive approach has often caused him much criticism and even defamation when he filmed jihadist groups as if objective reporting was not possible in such settings. According to Dairieh, the kind of hostility and criticism poured on him as if he had relinquished the ethics of the profession in his coverage of Jihadist groups, is not something faced by journalists covering the situation on the ground while embedded with NATO forces or the US army, despite the restrictions imposed on them.[26]

Moreover, on more than one occasion Dairieh has explained how he was always treated with great respect by the Al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State during the time spent with them to cover the two organisations. The journalist has always insisted that there were never pre-conditions imposed on him, and that was based on trust he would portray the Al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State in an objective way “without any embellishment, nor distortion”[27]. And that was the case despite the two organisations being fully aware of Medyan’s intellectual disagreement with their ideological position.[28] Moreover, Dairieh has always expressed his intellectual divergence with the Islamic State during his interviews and the fact that he was allowed in their midst to film them on the basis of his independent and impartial stance in all his coverage undertaken as a journalist.[29]

When asked about how the process of entering Raqqa was undertaken, Dairieh has explained that it occurred “through complex stages and extensive contacts",[30], also highlighting that he had come across Daesh in Iraq among other various opposition groups, while also meeting ISIS in Syria while filming “Syria: Al-Qaeda New Home”,[31] thus previously covering the group in both countries. Furthermore, Dairieh has also mentioned his “old and long media experiences with jihadist movements in many countries before the start of the conflict in Syria” including in Afghanistan, where he had also encountered senior leaders of the Taliban movement. [32] [33]

Dairieh has often reiterated that his integrity and impartiality, his non-judgemental approach and neutral language in reporting and filming have often won him great trust as a journalist and allowed him access to various groups involved in fighting and political strife, including jihadist organisations. In many regions he covered Medyan was able to communicate directly with the subjects of his filming through his native Arabic, exchanging a thorough and meaningful dialogues without fixers nor mediators.[34] Indeed Medyan has always undertaken all his filming without being accompanied by any cameraman or production team. Moreover, his well-known impartial approach has also been fundamental in gaining the trust of ideologically diverse groups in several countries, included Anarchist and Marxist groups in the United Kingdom.

Among his work, Medyan has also compiled several reports and documentaries about detainees in Guantanamo prison, and he has met the families of Guantanamo’s detainees from a number of countries, including Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Yemen, Libya, and Britain.

Dairieh’s deep knowledge and understanding of the conflicts and of the various parties involved, as well as his very long experience in investigative journalism, not only have given much depth to his work, but have also led him to write the book series “From inside the Jihadist movements” on respectively Fatah al-Islam, the Al-Qaeda organisation, and the Islamic State. The volume on the Islamic State has yet to be released. These books are the result of his extensive investigations on the ground, where Medyan has covered these groups during his visits to Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Libya, Afghanistan, Somalia, Lebanon, as well as in other countries.

Among his books and reports is Dairieh’s first biography of Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi from exclusive information gathered from inside Al-Zarqawi’s close family and from a close circle of Al-Qaeda’s leaders. The biography is included in his book “Syria: Al-Qaeda’s New Home - Biography of Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi”.[35] [36] In the same way Medyan was the first journalist to write an exclusive biography of Fatah Al-Islam’s leader, Shakar Al-Absi, with a precise reconstruction of the events surrounding his life and actions thanks to information disclosed by Al-Absi’s close family members and by other leaders within the organisation. Shakar Al-Absi’s exclusive biography is included in Dairieh's book “Fatah Al-Islam: Origin and Destiny”. [37] [38]Medyan’s writing also includes in-depth reports on several high-ranking Al-Qaeda leaders, with unique material and information disclosed about them.

Dairieh’s achievements in his journalistic work have often been recognised globally and marked by several awards from around the world, including the Gold Award at the Hamburg International Festival of Photography, the Frontline Club Award for ‘integrity, courage, and independent spirit’, and the Peabody Award. Dairieh is a member of the International Union of Journalists, of the UK National Union of Journalists, of Reporters without Borders, and the Frontline Club.


Videos

Dairieh, M. “The 2017 drought and famine crisis in Somaliland.” YouTube, uploaded 12 Jan 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUyd6VJwhsI

Dairieh, M. “Life After Qaddafi — Libya: A Broken State.” YouTube, uploaded by Vice News, 12 Nov 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbqf27GIkaw&t=17s

Dairieh, M. “Yemen: A Failed State”. YouTube, uploaded by Vice New, 10 September 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ggen-595Ng

Dairieh, M. “The Siege of Aden.” YouTube, uploaded by Vice News, 31 July 2015. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKUMMdGIMDE

Dairieh M, “Seeking Refuge in Djibouti: Escape From Yemen”, YouTube, Uploaded by Vice News on August 17 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGmzAl2ttlU

Dairieh M. “British Nationals Fight with al Qaeda in Syria.” YouTube, uploaded by Vice News, 8 November 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jD146Rx80k

Dairieh M. “Embedded with Al-Qaeda in Syria: ISIS and al-Nusra.” YouTube, uploaded by Vice News on 22 January 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFZhQ4u2Cbg

Dairieh M. (2014) “The Islamic State”, Vice News.https://video.vice.com/en_uk/video/The-Islamic-State/559ea2a9884e6b677d5e2b25

Articles and reports

Dairieh M. ‘Afghanistan refugees are part of the picture’, Al Jazeera Net, 5 November 2009. In Arabic, available at:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2009/11/5/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%88-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9

Dairieh M. ‘Displaced Afghans suffering in camps’, Al Jazeera Net, 20 March 2012. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2012/3/20/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%88-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA

Dairieh M. ‘Difficult conditions for thousands of Syrians near Türkiye's border. Al Jazeera Net, 30 August 2012. In Arabic, available at:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2012/8/30/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B5%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF

Dairieh M. ‘French police storm a refugee camp’, Al Jazeera Net, 22 September 2009. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2009/9/22/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86

Dairieh M. ‘Eviction notice for London protesters’, Al Jazeera Net, 21 November 2011. In Arabic, available at:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/11/21/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86-2

Dairieh M. ‘British man storms a weapon factory for Gaza’, Al Jazeera Net, 2 July 2 2010. In Arabic, available at:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2010/7/2/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9

Dairieh M. ‘Sit-in in solidarity with Gaza outside a British arms factory’, Al Jazeera Net, 30 December 2008. In Arabic available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2008/12/30/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7

Dairieh M. ‘British public’s rejection of the arms industry’, Al Jazeera Net, 9 June 2009. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2009/6/9/%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD

Dairieh M. ‘Sit-in in London against arms exports to Israel’, Al Jazeera Net, 11 June 2012. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2012/6/11/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84

Dairieh M. ‘Rebels kissing the soil of Tripoli’, Al Jazeera Net, 24 August 2011. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/8/24/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3

Dairieh M. "Rebels on the Bridge" documenting the revolutions of Libya and Syria”, Al Jazeera Net, 3 March 2013. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/culture/2013/3/3/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%82-%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7

Dairieh M. ‘British of Libyan descent among the rebels’, Al Jazeera Net, 6 April 2011. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/4/6/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1

Dairieh M. ‘In the weapons laboratories of rebels in Syria’, Al Jazeera Net, 29 May 2013. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2013/5/29/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7

Dairieh M. ‘Al-Jazeera Net visits weapons manufacturing plant in Aleppo’, Al Jazeera Net, 14 September 2013. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2013/9/14/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9

Dairieh M. ‘Britain: a safe haven for Syrians’, Al Jazeera Net, 31 January 2014. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2014/1/31/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86

Dairieh M. ‘Warning between the Taliban and the Afghan army’, Al Jazeera Net, 3 November 2009. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2009/11/3/%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A

Dairieh M. ‘Former Libyan detainee reviews the suffering in Guantanamo’, Al Jazeera Net, 16 December 2008. In Arabic, available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2008/12/16/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6

Dairieh M. ‘From Guantanamo to the misery of living in Kabul’, Al Jazeera Net, 7 November 2009. In Arabic, available at:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2009/11/7/%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88-%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84

Dairieh M. ‘Sit-in in Britain against Guantanamo’, Al Jazeera Net, 12 January 2011. In Arabic, available at:https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/1/12/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88


https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2012/1/29/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%81%D9%88


https://www.aljazeera.net/news/humanrights/2013/4/3/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A8

https://www.aljazeera.net/news/humanrights/2014/3/12/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86




Books

Dairieh, Medyan (2021) Syria: Al-Qaeda’s New Home - Biography of Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi. London: International photo Media. (In Arabic)

Dairieh, Medyan (2019) Fatah Al-Islam: Origin and Destiny. Egypt: Elmaktab.Elarabe.Llmaref. (In Arabic)

Dairieh, Medyan (2021) Fatah Al-Islam: Origin and Destiny. London: International Photo Media. 2nd edition (In Arabic)

References

  1. ^ The 2017 drought and famine crisis in Somaliland, retrieved 2023-12-24
  2. ^ "نازحو أفغانستان.. معاناة بالمخيمات". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  3. ^ "أوضاع صعبة لآلاف السوريين قرب حدود تركيا". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  4. ^ "الثورات العربية بمؤتمر لمنظمة العفو". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  5. ^ "دعوة للتحقيق بتورط بريطانيا بتعذيب فلسطينيين". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-31.
  6. ^ "عراقية عذبت تتحدث بالبرلمان البريطاني". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-12-31.
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