Electrician (theatre): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Person who works with various aspects of theatre lighting}} |
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[[Image:Hanging stage lights.jpg|thumb|right|An electrician hangs [[stage lighting instruments|stage lights]]]] |
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{{about|theatre electricians|construction electricians|electrician}} |
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In [[theatre]], an '''electrician''' is a person who works with the various aspects of lighting. Some of the positions among electricians include the lighting supervisor, master electrician, deck electrician, light board operator, moving light programmer, [[Spotlight (theatre lighting)|followspot]] operator, as well as simply electricians. This group is generally known as the "Electrics" Department or LX Department. |
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These people are responsible for receiving the [[light plot]] from the [[lighting designer]] and translating the design as it is on paper to the lighting that is seen by the audience in the final [[theatrical|production]]. In small theatres, many of these roles may be filled by a single person, while in a large production such as those on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] or a large tour, there may be several people filling some of the roles. |
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== Duties == |
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[[Image:Focusing stage lights.jpg|thumb|right|An electrician focuses a light]] |
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Theatre electricians are responsible for all non-design aspects of the lighting in a theatrical production. They may also be responsible for special effects (such as fog) and powering other electrical items (such as motors) used in the production. |
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Electricians install (hang), point and shape the beam (focus), and connect to power (circuit) [[lighting instrument]]s. Additionally they may add gel to color the light, patterns (or gobos) to create texture or shape a light into pictures, and accessories that give the designer the ability to change some aspect of the light, such as scrollers (color changers) or pattern effects (gobo rotators). |
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In the past (and even in some theatres today) the electrics department was in charge of all water and water effects used on or offstage (i.e. rain, waterfalls, pools, etc.). |
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== Positions == |
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=== Lighting supervisor === |
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The '''lighting supervisor''' is responsible for acting as the go-between for the designers, and the theatre's electrics staff. In the cases of shows done in repertory, they may have to adapt the designs of several designers to work together given the limits of the [[Theatre|venue]] and the equipment, budget, and time available. In the case of a re-mount, they may adapt a design to newer equipment or a different venue than the design was originally created for. While Broadway and high end Off-Broadway productions have this position, the Master Electrician is often responsible for these duties in smaller productions. |
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=== Deck electrician === |
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The '''deck electrician''', '''"stage electrician"''', '''"floor electrician"''', '''"floor LX"''', '''"deck elec"'''or just "'''stage LX'''" is a member of the [[running crew]] for a production and is responsible for all aspects of running the lighting for the show that happen on or backstage. This can include such things as changing color, focusing and readjusting lights that were moved, connecting and disconnecting [[Stage lighting instrument|practical units]] or set pieces which are electrified, and in some venues, assisting with motor control or effects. On touring or musical productions this individual is also referred to as the '''Dimmer Technician''', as their responsibilities include supervising and maintaining portable dimmer racks. |
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=== Load in electrician === |
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The '''Load in electrician''' or "'''production electrician'''" in the UK, often referred to simply as an electrician, is a person usually hired on a per day or per project basis (freelance) to hang, circuit and focus the lights. Once the show goes into tech, the Load in Electrician will usually leave, although they may stay around to do "notes" with the lighting designer which may include adding or taking away lights, refocusing, or re-gelling lights. Even small productions usually have at least one or two Load in Electricians who are supervised by the Master Electrician. |
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=== Light board operator === |
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{{main|Light board operator}} |
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The '''light board operator''', '''lighting operator''', '''board op''' or just '''LX op''' is the person who executes [[cue (theatrical)|cues]] for a production. This can range from adjusting light levels of individual dimmers, such as on a two scene preset board, to simply pressing a "Go" button on a computer controlled console. They may need to be able to write cues for their lighting board, and to make adjustments quickly to account for equipment failure, or people being in the wrong location. For some live events, such as concerts, this person may also be creating cues and looks on the fly, and functioning both as an operator and a designer simultaneously. |
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=== Master electrician === |
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{{main|Master electrician}} |
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The '''master electrician''', '''M.E.''' or '''"chief electrician"''' in the UK, supervises all other Electricians working on a production or show.<ref> {{cite book | last = Parker | first = W. Oren | title = Scene Design and Stage Lighting | isbn = 0-03-028777-4 | publisher = [[Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc]] | date = 1990 | page = 263 }} </ref> They are sometimes referred to as the ''Head Electrician'' or in a touring house, the ''House Electrician''. Their other duties include: |
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*Planning and implementing of the cabling (circuiting) of lights and electric power distribution for any given show or production. |
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*Inventory and repair and maintenance of all stage lighting fixtures, cables, effects, power distribution, dimmers, networking and lighting control consoles. |
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*Organization and purchasing of all consumables including [[Color_gel|gels]], [[Gobo_(lighting)|gobos]], and [[gaffer tape|gaff tape]]. |
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*Documenting and tracking of all scenery, circuiting, addressing, and system configuration in cooperation with the Lighting Designer. |
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*If there are no light board ops, the Master Electrician may need to patch the board according to the L.D.'s designs. |
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*Solving any problems or issues with the electrical equipment that the Deck Electricians cannot resolve by themselves. |
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*Occupational safety and health of workers and operational decisions as the Head of the Electrics department. |
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In certain jurisdictions of North America however, the title of Master Electrician is protected and can only be used by electricians with a formal education and licensed by their professional order. |
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=== Lighting programmer === |
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The '''lighting programmer''', is a person familiar with the lighting board being used who sits next to or in communication with the lighting designer during "tech". He or she is responsible for programming in the lighting cues as dictated to him or her by the lighting designer. This saves the designer the time and attention of using the light board and allows him or her to concentrate on building the cues. Often, especially in smaller theatres, this person is the Light Board Operator for the show's run. |
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=== Moving light programmer === |
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The '''moving light programmer''' is a person who specializes in the sometimes complex creation of cues for [[Intelligent lighting|moving lights]]. For large productions with several moving lights, there may even be a separate control system for the moving lights from that of the "conventional" lighting. Some of these lights, in addition to being able to change focus from one location to another, can include many other features such as color and patterns. The coordinating of these fixtures can be complex enough to require a dedicated person to program. |
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=== Followspot operator === |
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{{main|Spotlight operator}} |
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The ''' followspot operator''' is the person who operates the [[Spotlight (theatre lighting)|followspot]], or spotlight on a production. This is a light which is physically moved by the operator during the production to follow a performer's movement around the stage. A follow spot may also have mechanisms to change color, as well as an iris to change the diameter of the projected circle of light. The followspot operator may have to change several aspects of the beam from their unit simultaneously. This position is more common in [[musical theatre]] and concerts than for drama. |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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{{Running crew}} |
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[[Category:Stage lighting]] |
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[[Category:Stage crew]] |
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[[Category:Theatrical occupations]] |
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[[Category:Electrical trades]] |
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Revision as of 00:13, 4 February 2024
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