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new material to provide better context, taken from Arthur Jensen article. Need to figure out what Jensen 1981a referes to
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In this article, Jensen defended three major claims:<ref>Loehlin, Lindzey and Spuhler (1975)</ref> First, [[IQ tests]] provide accurate measurements of a real human ability that is relevant in many aspects of life. Second, intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly (about 80%) [[Heritability|heritable]]. Third, educational programs have been unable to significantly change the intelligence of individuals or groups. The article generated extensive discussion and controversy both in the popular press<ref>{{harvtxt|Tucker|p. 204}}</ref> and in the academic literature.<ref>Jencks and Phillips (1998)</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Book Review: Bias in Mental Testing|journal=Applied Psychological Measurement|date=July 1980|volume=4|number=3|editor=Susan Whitely|pages=403-406}}</ref> The article led to the coining of the term "Jensenism"<ref>{{cite news|title='Race' and 'Jensenism'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=22 August 1973|author=Joseph Alsop|page=A21}}</ref> as "the theory that I.Q. is largely determined by the genes,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Jensenism|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=31 August 1969|author=Lee Edson|page=SM10}}</ref> a view that Jensen largely agreed with.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jensen on Jensenism|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 November 1969|author=[[Arthur Jensen]]|page=SM14}}</ref> The article generated significant attention to,<ref>{{cite news|title=
In this article, Jensen defended three major claims:<ref>Loehlin, Lindzey and Spuhler (1975)</ref> First, [[IQ tests]] provide accurate measurements of a real human ability that is relevant in many aspects of life. Second, intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly (about 80%) [[Heritability|heritable]]. Third, educational programs have been unable to significantly change the intelligence of individuals or groups. The article generated extensive discussion and controversy both in the popular press<ref>{{harvtxt|Tucker|p. 204}}</ref> and in the academic literature.<ref>Jencks and Phillips (1998)</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Book Review: Bias in Mental Testing|journal=Applied Psychological Measurement|date=July 1980|volume=4|number=3|editor=Susan Whitely|pages=403-406}}</ref> The article led to the coining of the term "Jensenism"<ref>{{cite news|title='Race' and 'Jensenism'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=22 August 1973|author=Joseph Alsop|page=A21}}</ref> as "the theory that I.Q. is largely determined by the genes,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Jensenism|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=31 August 1969|author=Lee Edson|page=SM10}}</ref> a view that Jensen largely agreed with.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jensen on Jensenism|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 November 1969|author=[[Arthur Jensen]]|page=SM14}}</ref> The article generated significant attention to,<ref>{{cite news|title=
Genetics, IQ Study Proposed|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=4 March 1970|author=Austin Wehrwein|page=A3}}</ref> and protests against, Jensen's work.<ref>{{cite news|title=Harassment Charged by Author Of Article About Negroes' I.Q.'s|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 May 1969|author=Lawrence E. Davies|page=33}}</ref>
Genetics, IQ Study Proposed|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=4 March 1970|author=Austin Wehrwein|page=A3}}</ref> and protests against, Jensen's work.<ref>{{cite news|title=Harassment Charged by Author Of Article About Negroes' I.Q.'s|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 May 1969|author=Lawrence E. Davies|page=33}}</ref>

After the paper was released, students and faculty staged large protests outside Jensen's [[University of California, Berkeley|U.C. Berkeley]] office. Jensen was denied reprints of his work by his publisher and was not permitted to reply in response to letters of criticism -— both extremely unusual policies for their day. Many colleagues at the time felt that even if Jensen's work contained no scientific merit, his treatment was itself against the spirit of science and the free exchange of ideas.

In a later article, Jensen argued that his claims had been misunderstood:

<blockquote>
...nowhere have I "claimed" an "innate deficiency" of intelligence in blacks. My position on this question is clearly spelled out in my most recent book: "The plain fact is that at present there exists no scientifically satisfactory explanation for the differences between the IQ distributions in the black and white populations. The only genuine consensus among well-informed scientists on this topic is that the cause of the difference remains an open question." (Jensen, 1981a, p. 213).
</blockquote>

[[Thomas Sowell]] wrote:
<blockquote>Professor Jensen pointed out back in 1969 that black children's IQ scores rose by 8 to 10 points after he met with them informally in a play room and then tested them again after they were more relaxed around him. He did this because "I felt these children were really brighter than their IQ would indicate." What a shame that others seem to have less confidence in black children than Professor Jensen has had.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://townhall.com/columnists/ThomasSowell/2002/10/01/race_and_iq?page=full |title=Race and IQ|author=Thomas Sowell|date=October 1, 2002|accessdate=14 November 2008}}</ref></blockquote>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 20:22, 15 January 2012

How Much can We Boost IQ and Achievement? is an 1969 article by Arthur Jensen published in the Harvard Educational Review.[1] It is among the most controversial[2] and heavily-discussed articles[3] in the history of psychology, and was largely responsible for initiating the current debate over race and intelligence.[4][5] William Tucker considers it "the most controversial article in the history of American psychology."[6]

In this article, Jensen defended three major claims:[7] First, IQ tests provide accurate measurements of a real human ability that is relevant in many aspects of life. Second, intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly (about 80%) heritable. Third, educational programs have been unable to significantly change the intelligence of individuals or groups. The article generated extensive discussion and controversy both in the popular press[8] and in the academic literature.[9][10] The article led to the coining of the term "Jensenism"[11] as "the theory that I.Q. is largely determined by the genes,"[12] a view that Jensen largely agreed with.[13] The article generated significant attention to,[14] and protests against, Jensen's work.[15]

After the paper was released, students and faculty staged large protests outside Jensen's U.C. Berkeley office. Jensen was denied reprints of his work by his publisher and was not permitted to reply in response to letters of criticism -— both extremely unusual policies for their day. Many colleagues at the time felt that even if Jensen's work contained no scientific merit, his treatment was itself against the spirit of science and the free exchange of ideas.

In a later article, Jensen argued that his claims had been misunderstood:

...nowhere have I "claimed" an "innate deficiency" of intelligence in blacks. My position on this question is clearly spelled out in my most recent book: "The plain fact is that at present there exists no scientifically satisfactory explanation for the differences between the IQ distributions in the black and white populations. The only genuine consensus among well-informed scientists on this topic is that the cause of the difference remains an open question." (Jensen, 1981a, p. 213).

Thomas Sowell wrote:

Professor Jensen pointed out back in 1969 that black children's IQ scores rose by 8 to 10 points after he met with them informally in a play room and then tested them again after they were more relaxed around him. He did this because "I felt these children were really brighter than their IQ would indicate." What a shame that others seem to have less confidence in black children than Professor Jensen has had.[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Jensen (1969)
  2. ^ Richard E. Nisbett (9 December 2007). "All Brains Are the Same Color". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  3. ^ "Psychologist Arouses Storm by Linking I.Q. to Heredity". The New York Times. 30 March 1969. p. 52.
  4. ^ Hunt & Carlson 2007
  5. ^ Template:Cite article
  6. ^ Tucker, p. 201
  7. ^ Loehlin, Lindzey and Spuhler (1975)
  8. ^ Tucker & p. 204
  9. ^ Jencks and Phillips (1998)
  10. ^ Susan Whitely, ed. (July 1980). "Book Review: Bias in Mental Testing". Applied Psychological Measurement. 4 (3): 403–406.
  11. ^ Joseph Alsop (22 August 1973). "'Race' and 'Jensenism'". The Washington Post. p. A21.
  12. ^ Lee Edson (31 August 1969). "Jensenism". The New York Times. p. SM10.
  13. ^ Arthur Jensen (16 November 1969). "Jensen on Jensenism". The New York Times. p. SM14.
  14. ^ Austin Wehrwein (4 March 1970). "Genetics, IQ Study Proposed". The Washington Post. p. A3.
  15. ^ Lawrence E. Davies (19 May 1969). "Harassment Charged by Author Of Article About Negroes' I.Q.'s". The New York Times. p. 33.
  16. ^ Thomas Sowell (October 1, 2002). "Race and IQ". Retrieved 14 November 2008.

References

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