Karasuk languages: Difference between revisions
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LG.KH-12.8 (talk | contribs) Chlenova, Maloletko, Nikolaev |
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While Yeniseian has been proposed to be related to the [[Na-Dene languages]] of North America, as part of a newly named [[Dene–Yeniseian]] family, the relevant morphological correspondences between Na-Dene and Yeniseian have not been found in Burushaski. |
While Yeniseian has been proposed to be related to the [[Na-Dene languages]] of North America, as part of a newly named [[Dene–Yeniseian]] family, the relevant morphological correspondences between Na-Dene and Yeniseian have not been found in Burushaski. |
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Based on toponymic evidence, Chlenova also suggests that the [[Kets]] are descendants of the Karasuk tribes and "''that the [[Irmen culture]] may also have been Yeniseian''".<ref name ="Chlenova">Natal'ja L'vovna Chlenova. 1964. "Karasukskaja kul'tura v Juzhnoj Sibiri." ''Istorija Sibiri 1, ed. A.P. Okhladnikov: 263-79. Ulan-Ude. In: Edward J. Vajda, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gumc8Y93fmkC Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide]. 2013. p.78.</ref> In 1969 and 1975, Chlenova set and expanded the thesis that the Ket-related river names in the Minusin Basin could provide evidence that the Karasuk culture was at least in part Yeniseian speaking.<ref>N.L. Chlenova. 1969. "Sootnoshenie kul'zur karasukskogo tipa i ketskikh toponimov na territori Sibiri." ''PASJ:'' 143-6. T. |+| N.L. Chlenova. 1975. "Sootnoshenie kul'tur karasukskogo tipa i ketskikh toponimov na territorii Sibiri." ''Etnogenez i etnicheskaja istorija narodov Severa:'' 223-30. M: Nauka. In: Edward J. Vajda, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gumc8Y93fmkC Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide]. 2013. p.78.</ref> A.M. Maloletko agrees with Chlenova that the Karasuk culture was Yeniseian,<ref>Maloletko, A.M. 1989. "Opyt rekonstruktskii jazykovoj prinadlezhnosti nostitelej kul'tur epokhi bronzy Zapadnoj Sibiri." ''Metodicheskie problemy rekonstruktskii v arkheologii i paleoekologii:'' 191-206. Nsk: Nauka. In: Edward J. Vajda, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gumc8Y93fmkC Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide]. 2013. p.185.</ref> and suggests that ancient [[agglutinative]]-speaking peoples of Middle East ([[Hattic language|Hatti]], [[Hurrian language|Urartians]]), [[Gutian language|Gutians]] and [[North Caucasian languages|North Caucasians]] are related to [[Ket people|Kets]], linguistically and anthropologically, and hence, suggesting a number of possible [[Semitic]] loan words into [[wikt:Proto-Yeniseian|Proto-Yeniseian]].<ref>Maloletko, A.M. 1993. "Peredneaziatskie istoki nekotorykh narodov Sibiri." ''Vosprosy geografii Sibiri'' 20: 91-113. T: TGU. In: Edward J. Vajda, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gumc8Y93fmkC Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide]. 2013. p.185.</ref> R. V. Nikolaev (1984) assumes that "''the [[Dingling]] could be Yeniseian and that Yeniseian groups participated in the Karasuk culture and the Hunnic expansion''".<ref>R.V. Nikolaev. 1984. "Khunnskaja ekspansija i svyazannye s nej etnokul'turnye protsessy v Sibiri (k postanovke problemy)." ''Problemy akheologii stepej Evrazii. Sovetsko-vengerskij sbornik: 29-34. Kem.: KGU. In: Edward J. Vajda, [http://books.google.com/books?id=gumc8Y93fmkC Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide]. 2013. p.204.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 18:21, 23 October 2015
| Karasuk | |
|---|---|
| Greater Yeniseian | |
| (tentative) | |
| Geographic distribution | Central Siberia and northern Pakistan |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | None |
Karasuk is a language family proposed by George van Driem of the University of Leiden that links the Yeniseian languages of central Siberia with the Burushaski language of northern Pakistan.[1]
The family is named after the Karasuk culture, which existed in Central Asia during the Bronze Age in second millennium BCE. Van Driem postulates the Burusho people took part in the Indo-Aryan migration out of Central Asia that resulted in the Indo-European conquest of the Indian sub-continent, while other Karasuk peoples migrated northwards to become the Yeniseians. These claims have recently been picked up by anthropologist and linguist Roger Blench.[2]
The evidence for Karasuk is mostly in the verbal and nominal morphology. For example, the second-person singular prefixes on intransitive verbs are [ɡu-, ɡó-] in Burushaski and [ku-, ɡu-] in Ket. Ket has two verbal declensions, one prefixed with d- and one with b-, and Burushaski likewise has two, one prefixed with d- and one without such a marker. However, neither the Burushaski nor the Yeniseian verbal morphology has been rigorously analysed,[3] and reviewers have found the evidence to be weak.[4]
While Yeniseian has been proposed to be related to the Na-Dene languages of North America, as part of a newly named Dene–Yeniseian family, the relevant morphological correspondences between Na-Dene and Yeniseian have not been found in Burushaski.
Based on toponymic evidence, Chlenova also suggests that the Kets are descendants of the Karasuk tribes and "that the Irmen culture may also have been Yeniseian".[5] In 1969 and 1975, Chlenova set and expanded the thesis that the Ket-related river names in the Minusin Basin could provide evidence that the Karasuk culture was at least in part Yeniseian speaking.[6] A.M. Maloletko agrees with Chlenova that the Karasuk culture was Yeniseian,[7] and suggests that ancient agglutinative-speaking peoples of Middle East (Hatti, Urartians), Gutians and North Caucasians are related to Kets, linguistically and anthropologically, and hence, suggesting a number of possible Semitic loan words into Proto-Yeniseian.[8] R. V. Nikolaev (1984) assumes that "the Dingling could be Yeniseian and that Yeniseian groups participated in the Karasuk culture and the Hunnic expansion".[9]
References
- ^ George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas. An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayas, p 1144 ff
- ^ Roger Blench (1999) "Language phyla of the Indo-Pacific region: Recent research and classification", in Bellwood & Lilley, eds., Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin, 18:59–76, Australian National University
- ^ Van Driem 2001:1146
- ^ Roland Bielmeier (review, 2003), "On the Languages of the Himalayas and their Links (nearly) around the World", EBHR 24:96
- ^ Natal'ja L'vovna Chlenova. 1964. "Karasukskaja kul'tura v Juzhnoj Sibiri." Istorija Sibiri 1, ed. A.P. Okhladnikov: 263-79. Ulan-Ude. In: Edward J. Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. 2013. p.78.
- ^ N.L. Chlenova. 1969. "Sootnoshenie kul'zur karasukskogo tipa i ketskikh toponimov na territori Sibiri." PASJ: 143-6. T. |+| N.L. Chlenova. 1975. "Sootnoshenie kul'tur karasukskogo tipa i ketskikh toponimov na territorii Sibiri." Etnogenez i etnicheskaja istorija narodov Severa: 223-30. M: Nauka. In: Edward J. Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. 2013. p.78.
- ^ Maloletko, A.M. 1989. "Opyt rekonstruktskii jazykovoj prinadlezhnosti nostitelej kul'tur epokhi bronzy Zapadnoj Sibiri." Metodicheskie problemy rekonstruktskii v arkheologii i paleoekologii: 191-206. Nsk: Nauka. In: Edward J. Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. 2013. p.185.
- ^ Maloletko, A.M. 1993. "Peredneaziatskie istoki nekotorykh narodov Sibiri." Vosprosy geografii Sibiri 20: 91-113. T: TGU. In: Edward J. Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. 2013. p.185.
- ^ R.V. Nikolaev. 1984. "Khunnskaja ekspansija i svyazannye s nej etnokul'turnye protsessy v Sibiri (k postanovke problemy)." Problemy akheologii stepej Evrazii. Sovetsko-vengerskij sbornik: 29-34. Kem.: KGU. In: Edward J. Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. 2013. p.204.
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