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The '''Khan Yunis massacre''' |
The '''Khan Yunis massacre''' is an alleged massacre on November 3, 1956 in the Palestinian village of Khan Yunis and nearby [[Khan Yunis Camp]] in the Gaza Strip during the [[Suez Crisis]]. During an [[Israel Defense Force]] operation to reopen the Egyptian-blockaded [[Straits of Tiran]], Khan Yunis was occupied by Israeli soldiers, and according to a UN report, 135 local residents and 140 refugees were shot in the search for people in possession of arms.<ref name=morris1994p424>{{cite book|title=Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0198278504|page=424|author=Benny Morris|quote=But many Fedayeen and an estimated 4,000 Egyptian and Palestinian regulars were trapped in the Strip, identified and rounded up by the IDF, GSS, and police. Dozens of these Fedayeen appear to have been summarily executed, without trial. Some were probably killed during two massacres by IDF troops soon after the occupation of the Strip. On 3 November, the day Khan Yunis was conquered, IDF troops shot dead hundreds of Palestinian refugees and local inhabitants in the town. One UN report speaks of 'some 135 local residents' and '140 refugees' killed as IDF troops moved through the town and its refugee camp 'searching for people in possession of arms'.}}</ref> According to a number of eyewitnesses, Israeli soldiers lined up armed militants and executed them.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sacco|first=Joe|title=Footnotes in Gaza|year=2009|publisher=Metropolitan Books|isbn=978-0-8050-9277-6|page=81}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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Revision as of 09:01, 21 January 2014
| Khan Yunis killings | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Suez Crisis | |
| File:قلعة برقوق.jpg The caravanserai of Khan Yunis in February 2012. Eyewitness reports claim this to be the site of a mass shooting of Arab civilians. | |
| Location | Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip |
| Date | 3 November 1956 |
| Target | Male Arab villagers Suspected members of the Palestinian fedayeen |
Attack type | Massacre[1] (disputed) |
| Deaths | ~275 |
| Perpetrators | Israel Defense Forces |
The Khan Yunis massacre is an alleged massacre on November 3, 1956 in the Palestinian village of Khan Yunis and nearby Khan Yunis Camp in the Gaza Strip during the Suez Crisis. During an Israel Defense Force operation to reopen the Egyptian-blockaded Straits of Tiran, Khan Yunis was occupied by Israeli soldiers, and according to a UN report, 135 local residents and 140 refugees were shot in the search for people in possession of arms.[1] According to a number of eyewitnesses, Israeli soldiers lined up armed militants and executed them.[2]
Background
Frustrations had brewed in the western aligned world following the decision by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser to nationalize the Suez Canal, an important waterway that allowed trade to flow to and from Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean, via the Red Sea.[3] These tensions culminated in the invasion of the Sinai Peninsula on October 29 and incursions into Egyptian-occupied Gaza via the city of Rafah in the south and Gaza City in the north on November 2. After killing or capturing all hostile militants in the latter two population centers, forces from the two ends of the Strip met in Khan Yunis on November 3.[4]
Events in the town
Israel's account
Israeli sources allege that a substantial amount of street fighting took place in Khan Yunis between themselves and a combined Egyptian-Palestinian force. Upon their defeat, the IDF claims they took Khan Yunis under their jurisdiction without further incident. As Israeli forces entered the interior of the settlement, frightened Arab soldiers stripped off their uniforms and fled into the desert or into their homes.[citation needed]
Eyewitness claims
According to one account from a fleeing fedayee, Saleh Shiblaq, Israeli forces walked through the town on the morning of November 3, either forcing men out of their homes or shooting them where they were found. Shiblaq reported in a 2003 interview that all the old men, women, and children were removed from his household. Upon their departure, the remaining young men were sprayed with bursts of gunfire by Israeli soldiers.[5] Adult male residents of Jalal Street, in the center of Khan Yunis, were lined up and fired upon from fixed positions of Bren light machine guns, firing extraneously to the point that a stench of cordite filled the air.[6]
Local residents allege that 100 Palestinian men were shot against the medieval caravanserai in the center of the village;[7] the caravanserai is riddled with bullet holes as of 2003.
Refugee camp
Conflicting reports of skirmishes between the two peoples were also reported in the neighboring Khan Yunis Camp, which housed displaced Palestinian refugees. PLO official Abdullah Al Hourani was working as a teacher in the camp at the time of the killings.[8] Al Hourani, along with several other survivors of the shootings, alleges that, like in nearby Khan Yunis, men were taken from their homes and shot by the Israeli Defense Forces. Hourani himself recalls fleeing from a summary execution without injury.[9]
Aftermath
A curfew imposed on the citizens of Gaza disallowed them from retrieving the bodies of their fellow villagers, leaving them strewn about the area overnight.[10] Injured victims of the shootings would later be transported to Gaza City by the International Red Cross for medical treatment. Israel, bowing to international pressure, withdrew from Gaza and the Sinai in March 1957. Shortly thereafter, a mass grave was unearthed in the vicinity of Khan Yunis, containing the bound bodies of forty Arab men who had been shot in the back of the head.[11]
United Nations report
On December 15, 1956, the Special Report of the Director of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East Covering the Period 1 November 1956 to mid-December 1956 was presented to the General Assembly of the United Nations. The report told both sides of the "Khan Yunis incident". The Director's notes also acknowledge a similar incident, the Rafah massacre, immediately following that city's occupation.[12] The report lists local casualties of the incident at 135, and refugee deaths at 140. Some survivors dispute this statistic, believing the death toll could be well over 500.[13]
Marek Gefen
Israeli soldier Marek Gefen was serving in Gaza during the Suez Crisis. In 1982, Gefen, having become a journalist, published his observations of walking through the town shortly following the killings. In his account of post-occupation Khan Yunis, he said, "In a few alleyways we found bodies strewn on the ground, covered in blood, their heads shattered. No one had taken care of moving them. It was dreadful. I stopped at a corner and threw up. I couldn't get used to the sight of a human slaughterhouse."[14]
Press coverage
In 2009, Maltese American comics journalist Joe Sacco published a 418-page account of the killings in Khan Yunis and Rafah, entitled Footnotes in Gaza. The graphic novel relies heavily on mostly directly-retrieved eyewitness accounts. Its release to the public caused a minor renewed interest in the Suez Crisis killings.[15] Israeli historian and politician Meir Pail dismissed Sacco's retelling of the incident and said "It's a big exaggeration, there was never a killing of such a degree. Nobody was murdered. I was there. I don't know of any massacre."[15]
In 2010, a segment on the Iranian English language news network Press TV depicted a 54th anniversary memorial service commemorating the killings at the site of one of the mass executions.[13]
See also
- Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt
- Kafr Qasim massacre, a similar incident which occurred on the eve of the Suez Crisis.
- List of massacres in the Palestinian Territories
- Persecution of Muslims
References
- ^ a b Benny Morris (1994). Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War. Oxford University Press. p. 424. ISBN 978-0198278504.
But many Fedayeen and an estimated 4,000 Egyptian and Palestinian regulars were trapped in the Strip, identified and rounded up by the IDF, GSS, and police. Dozens of these Fedayeen appear to have been summarily executed, without trial. Some were probably killed during two massacres by IDF troops soon after the occupation of the Strip. On 3 November, the day Khan Yunis was conquered, IDF troops shot dead hundreds of Palestinian refugees and local inhabitants in the town. One UN report speaks of 'some 135 local residents' and '140 refugees' killed as IDF troops moved through the town and its refugee camp 'searching for people in possession of arms'.
- ^ Sacco, Joe (2009). Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ Sacco, Joe (2009). Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ Sacco, Joe (2009). Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. 2009. pp. 84–86. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ Sacco, Joe. Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ Sacco, Joe. Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ "Who is Abdullah Al Hourani?". WebGaza.net. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ Sacco, Joe. Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ "Israel Massacres". Voices of Palestine. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ Palumbo, Michael (1990). Imperial Israel. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 32.
- ^ "A/3212/Add.1 of 15 December 1956". 15 December 1956. United Nations. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ a b "Gaza marks the 1956 zionist massacre of Palestinians and Egyptians in Khan Younis". Press TV. 5 November 2010.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Sacco, Joe. Footnotes in Gaza. Metropolitan Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8050-9277-6.
- ^ a b "Graphic novel on IDF 'massacres' in Gaza set to hit bookstores". 21 December 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
External links
- Amira Hass (11 February 2010). "A thin black line". Haaretz.