List of architects of Baku: Difference between revisions

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Armenian architecture

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+#REDIRECT[[Armenian architecture]]
-The '''Armenian architecture of Baku''' has influenced the city's architecture throughout its development during the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="Azerbaijan Diary">{{cite book|last=Goltz|first=Thomas|title=Azerbaijan diary : a rogue reporter's adventures in an oil-rich, war-torn, post-Soviet republic|year=1999|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk, N.Y.|isbn=9780765602442|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Gz5ariwuY34C&lpg=PA16&dq=armenian%20architects%20in%20baku&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=armenian%20architects%20in%20baku&f=false|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=16}}</ref>
-==History==
-Due to the oil boom in the 19th century, Baku became a rapidly developing city and grew rapidly.<ref name="Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan">{{cite book|last=Swietochowski|first=Tadeusz|title=Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan|year=1999|publisher=Scarecrow|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=9780810835504|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yjIZ6ymyNO8C&lpg=PA19&dq=baku%20oil%20boom%2019th%20century&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q=baku%20oil%20boom%2019th%20century&f=false|coauthors=Collins, Brian C.|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=19}}</ref> The large-scale construction of the city was directly tied to the increase of the city's population. Eventually, this brought numerous Russian and Armenian architects to the city, who ultimately influenced the city's architectural profile.<ref name="Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan" /> Much of these architects were educated in Russia and, in particular, in St. Petersburg, Russia's capital city of the time. These included a number of high-profile designers, such as [[Hovhannes Katchaznouni]], [[Nikolai Bayev]], and [[Freidun Aghalyan]].<ref name=Armenian Architects">{{cite book|last=LLC|first=Books|title=Armenian Architects|publisher=General Books LLC|isbn=9781155545172|pages=102}}</ref><ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus">{{cite book|last=Tigranyan|first=Edmond|title=Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus|year=2003|publisher=Voskan Yerevantsi|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993000525|pages=263|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Armenian}}</ref>
-==Architects==
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-! Architect !! Biography !! Works
-|-
-|
-[[File:Hovhannes Katchaznouni.jpg|150px|thumbnail|center|[[Hovhannes Katchaznouni]]]]
-|| Born 1868 [[Akhaltsikhe]], [[Georgia]] - died [[Soviet Union]] 1938. He graduated with honors from [[Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering|St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering]] in 1893.<ref name="Our Baku: Hovhannes Katchaznouni">{{cite web|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%28%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%29_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80|title=Hovhannes Katchaznouni|work=Our Baku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian}}</ref> He eventually became the first Prime Minister of [[Democratic_Republic_of_Armenia|Armenia]] in 1918.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shaw|first=Stanford J.|title=The Ottoman Empire in World War I|year=2008|publisher=Turkish Historical Society|location=Ankara|isbn=9789751618832|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=862}}</ref> ||Built a hospital, apartment houses, a hotel in [[Balakhany]], and assisted in the construction of the Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Cathedral.<ref name="Our Baku: Hovhannes Katchaznouni" />
-|-
-| [[File:Aghalian.jpg|150px|thumbnail|center|[[Freidun Aghalyan]]]]|| Born [[Shushi]], [[Karabakh]] November 20, 1876 - died [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia SSR]] February 1, 1944. In 1903 Aghalyan finished the [[Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering|St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering]]. || In 1903-1921 he constructed railroad bridges, gymnasium, the Treasury palace and Workers House.<ref name=Armenian Architects" /><ref name="Concise Armenian Encyclopedia">{{cite book|last=Khudaverdyan|first=Konstantine|title=Concise Armenian Encyclopedia|year=1990|location=Yerevan|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=121|language=Armenian|format=Volume I}}</ref><ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus" />
-|-
-| [[File:NBayev.jpg|150px|thumbnail|center|[[Nikolai Bayev]]]]|| Born [[Astrakhan]], [[Russia]] October 6, 1875 - died August 5, 1952, [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia SSR]]. Educated at the [[Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering|St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering]]. From 1911-1918 he worked as Major Engineer of [[Baku]].|| Constructed more than 100 buildings in Baku, including the Great Theatre of the Mayilyan Brothers (modern days [[Azerbaijan State Opera Theatre]], 1911), Baku Northern Savings Bank, Sabunchi Railway Station (now the worlds largest [[KFC]]), a neighborhood in the former [[Ermenikend]] area of Baku, series of schools, gymnasiums, Semashko Hospital (1914-18), residences of Salimanov, Sheremetiev, and others.<ref>{{cite book|last=Khudaverdyan|first=Konstantine|title=Concise Armenian Encyclopedia|year=1990|location=Yerevan|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=446-447|language=Armenian|format=Volume I}}</ref><ref name="Socialist Realism Without Shores">{{cite book|last=Lahusen|first=edited by Thomas|title=Socialist realism without shores|year=1997|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham [N.C.]|isbn=9780822319412|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=smaxkHf8fKUC&lpg=PA97&dq=nikolai%20baev&pg=PA97#v=onepage&q=nikolai%20baev&f=false|coauthors=Dobrenko, Evgeny|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=97}}</ref><ref>Фауллаев Ш. С. - Градостроительство и Архитектура Азербайджана в XIX - нач. XX века, Л., 1986, стр. 182</ref><ref name="Our Baku: Nikolai Bayev">{{cite web|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_-_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80|title=Nikolai Baev|work=Our Baku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian}}</ref><ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus" /><ref name="azerbintl">[http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/54_folder/54_articles/54_opera.html Opera in Azerbaijan] by Azer Rezayev. ''Azerbaijan International''. #5.4. Winter 1997</ref><ref name="World Largest KFC">{{cite web|title=The Largest KFC In The World Is In Baku|url=http://www.foodmate.com/news/201211/news_9480.html|publisher=Global Food Mate|accessdate=2 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital Semashko.|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%28%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%29|publisher=Ourbaku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian|quote=Translated from Russian: The hospital was built by the architect N.G.Baeva in 1914-1918.}}</ref>
-|-
-| [[File:GTer-Mikayelian.jpg|150px|thumbnail|center|Gavril Mikhaylovich Ter-Mikelov (Gabriel Ter-Mikaelian)]]|| Born [[Stavropol]], [[Russia]] April 16, 1874 - died [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia SSR]] January 14, 1949. In 1893 and studied at the [[Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering|St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering]]. He graduated the institute in 1899. He moved to Baku where he lived and worked till 1912. He died January 14, 1949 and is buried in the Armenian Vera Cemetery in [[Tbilisi]].|| Designed the front facade of the Baku City Hall, Baku Public Club Building (today [[Azerbaijan_State_Philharmonic_Hall|Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall]]), the maternity hospital (1899), the building of the Baku branch of the Tiflis Trade Bank (1902-1903; today “Children's World” department store), the Adamoff Brothers residence, the Sadikhov Residence (1910-1912; Nikolaev street house number 1; SSR number 21), Physiotherapy Institute, Four-storey Apartment ordered by [[Taghiyev]] (Nizam 30, crossroads with Mariinskaya Street), and the Commercial College (1905-1913; Merkurevskaya Street 39).<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall: Official Website|url=http://www.filarmoniya.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|accessdate=2 December 2012|quote=The Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall was constructed throughout 1910–1912 at the request of the city elite and designed by the architect Gavril Ter-Mikelov in the Italian Renaissance (exterior) and German Rococo (interior) styles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=House Brothers Sadikhov (Baku)|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%28%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%29|publisher=Ourbaku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian|quote=Translated from Russian: The architecture of this building, designed by the civil engineer G.M. Termikelova}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Thomson|first=Jason|title=In the shadow of Aliyev : travels in Azerbaijan|year=2005|publisher=Bennett & Bloom|location=London|isbn=9781898948728|pages=351|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=70}}</ref><ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus" /><ref>{{cite web|title=The buildings of the historic center of Baku (W - W - E)|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83_%28%D0%A7_-_%D0%A8_-_%D0%AD%29|publisher=Ourbaku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian|quote=Translated from Russian. Merkurevskaya Street 39: Commercial School building. Built in 1913. Architect G.M.Ter-Mikelov}}</ref><ref>Ш.Фатуллаев-Фигаров. «Архитектурная энциклопедия Баку». Международная академия архитекутры стран Востока, Баку-Анкара. — И. «Козан Офсет», 1998 — стр. 242, 266—275, 305—374.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Waal|first=Thomas de|title=Black garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war|year=2004|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780814719459|edition=[Online-Ausg.].|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=103}}</ref> He was also one of the main architects of the Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Cathedral.<ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus: pg. 264">{{cite book|last=Tigranyan|first=Edmond|title=Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus|year=2003|publisher=Voskan Yerevantsi|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993000525|pages=264|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Armenian}}</ref>
-|-
-| [[Alexander Rotinyan]]|| Worked throughout the Caucasus. In early 20th century, Alexander Rotinoff moved to Great Britain with his family and son - Mikhail Aleksander Rotinoff. Mikhail's son Gabriel Rotinoff founded Rotinoff Motors Ltd. at [[Colnbrook]] near [[Slough]] in 1952.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rotinoff|url=http://tractors.wikia.com/wiki/Rotinoff|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref> || Together with Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan he assisted in the construction of the Armenian church of Thadeus and Bartholomew in 1901.<ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus: pg. 264" />
-|-
-| [[File:VSargsyan.jpg|150px|thumbnail|center|Vardan Stepan Sargsyan (Sarkisov)]]||Born [[Shushi]], [[Karabakh]] March 8, 1875 - died [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan SSR]] March 29, 1955. Having graduated Realschule in [[Tbilisi]], Sargsyan moved to St. Petersburg and entered the [[Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering|St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering]]. In 1907 he moved to Baku and immediately received  request for a series of projects. His architectural style was modern. Later on in his career, he switched to [[neoclassicism]]. Vardan Sargsyan died in Baku on March 29, 1955 and is buried in the Christian-Jewish ''Nariman'' Cemetery. In September of 2007, the local Azerbaijani government ordered to destroy the Nariman Cemetery.<ref>{{cite news|title=В Баку варварски уничтожается христианско-еврейское кладбище (Christian-Jewish Cemetary Destroyed in Baku)|url=http://www.nr2.ru/incidents/139859.html|accessdate=2 December 2012|date=9/14/2007|language=Russian}}</ref> || Constructed the Oil Producers Sanatorium building in [[Mardakan]] (1930), a male gymnasium, Residence on Krasnovodskaya street (1908; today Torgovaya ([[Nizami Street|Nizami]]) Street and Samad Vurghun Avenue intersection; this building is also where [[Lev Landau]] was born), reconstructed the [[Ismailiyya building]] which was burned during the [[March Days]] in 1918, residence of the Mirzabekov brothers in [[Istiglaliyyat Street|Nikolayevskaya street]] (1908), and the Residence of Tigran Melikov (Khagani Street, 27).<ref>{{cite web|title=House of Tigran Melikov (Melikyan)|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%22%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%22-%22%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%22|work=Ourbaku|publisher=Ourbaku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian|quote=Translated from Russian: The three-story building at the Molokan № 27 (Khagani) was built in the early twentieth century (arh. V.S.Sarkisov Prof. Sarkisov, architect) and owned by a local millionaire Tigran Melikov. He also made the designs of the houses on the streets Krasnovodskaya and Nikolaev.}}</ref><ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Architects of Azerbaijan 19th and early 20th century|url=http://www.ourbaku.com/index.php5/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_19_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_20-%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0#.D0.A1.D0.90.D0.A0.D0.9A.D0.98.D0.A1.D0.9E.D0.92_.D0.92.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.87|publisher=Ourbaku|accessdate=2 December 2012|language=Russian|quote=Translated from Russian: Residential - 1915 - st. Molokan, 23. This five-storey house - 1917 - Ul.Nikolaevskaya, 11. A three-storey house - 1913 - st. Krasnovodsk, 13}}</ref>
-|-
-| Martin Levon Tovmasyan|| Born Martin [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia SSR]], March 5, 1925 - died [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]] 2008. In 1949 he graduated from [[Azerbaijan Industrial Institute]]. He was a student of Vardan Sargsyan. He was awarded as Honored Architect of Armenia on May 28, 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=28 MAY DAY FIRST REPUBLIC|url=http://www.ra.am/?num=2007053001|accessdate=2 December 2012|date=May 30, 2007|language=Russian}}</ref> || Constructed the general layout of the [[Dyubendi]] village, 26 Commissars Metro Station (today Sahil station), Reception House and Hotel of Azerbaijan Council of Ministers, [[Green Theatre]], and assisted in the construction of the Lenin Palace (Today [[Heydar Aliyev Palace]]).<ref>АРХИТЕКТОР, краткий биографический справочник союза архитекторов Армении, Автор-составитель - Лия Сафарян, Ер., "Зангак-97" </ref><ref name="Activity of Armenian Architects in South Caucasus" />
-|}
-==Gallery==
-<gallery>
-File:SV100240.jpg|[[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall]] constructed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
-File:Baku 2586.jpg|[[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall]] constructed by Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan.
-File:Azphilo2.JPG|Interior of the [[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall]]
-File:Budagovsky_armenian_temple_in_Baku2.jpg|Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Church constructed by [[Alexander Rotinyan]], Gabriel Ter-Mikayelian, and [[Hovhannes Katchaznouni]]. Destroyed in the 1930s.
-File:Budagovsky armenian temple in Baku.jpg|Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Church during construction.
-File:Azərbaycan Dövlət Opera və Balet Teatrı.jpg|[[Azerbaijan State Opera Theatre]] (formerly known as The Great Theater of the Mayilyan Brothers) constructed by [[Nikolai Bayev]] (1910-11).
-File:Semietagka_Baku.JPG|The house of Mirzabekov (Mirzabekyan) brothers on Nikolayevskaya street (today [[Istiglaliyyat Street]]), designed by Vardan Sargsyan
-File:Baku 2598.jpg|The house of Mirzabekov (Mirzabekyan) brothers at night.
-File:Baku_Sabunchinka.jpg|Sabunchi Railroad Station built by [[Nikolai Bayev]] (1927; today worlds largest [[KFC]]).<ref name="World Largest KFC" />
-File:Ismailiyye.jpg|[[Ismailiyya building]]: Rebuilt by Vardan Sargsyan after a fire
-File:Heydar_Aliyev_Palace.jpg|[[Heydar Aliyev Palace]] (formerly Lenin Palace) built with the assistance of Armenian architects R. Torosyan, Martin Tovmasyan, and engineer A. Avanesov.
-File:SV100223.jpg|Baku Municipality Hall built by Armenian architect Gabriel Ter-Mikaelyan and Polish architect [[Józef_Gosławski_(Polish_architect)|Józef Gosławski]].
-File:Baksovet011.JPG|Baku Municipality Hall
-File:Landau_house_in_Baku.jpg|Residence on Krasnovodskaya street built by Vardan Sargsyan (1908). [[Lev Landau]] lived in this house till 1924.
-</gallery>
-==See also==
-*[[Armenian Oil Business of Baku]]
-*[[Armenian Press of Baku]]
-*[[Armenians in Baku]]
-*[[Armenians in Azerbaijan]]
-==External links==
-*[http://baku.am/Armenian-buildings-of-Baku Armenian buildings of Baku]
-*[http://www.orientica.net/index.php?title=Armenian_architecture_of_Baku Orientica.net: Armenian architecture of Baku]
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-[[Category:Armenian diaspora]]
-[[Category:Armenians in Azerbaijan]]
-[[Category:Armenian architecture]]