Mariya Fortus: Difference between revisions

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Fortus was born in 1900 in [[Kherson, Ukraine|Kherson]] to the family of a rich [[Jews|Jewish]] banker. Her father abandoned the family in 1913, forcing Mariya and her sister Adelaida to work. She would work as an [[Embroidery|embroiderer]] while studying in a local[[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] for boys. In 1916 she would join the [[Socialist Revolutionary Party]], before leaving it for the [[Bolsheviks]] in 1917 with whom she participated in the [[Russian Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Fortus |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/research/research-projects/soldiers/maria-fortus.html |access-date=August 17, 2023 |website=www.yadvashem.org |language=en}}</ref>
Fortus was born in 1900 in [[Kherson, Ukraine|Kherson]] to the family of a rich [[Jews|Jewish]] banker. Her father abandoned the family in 1913, forcing Mariya and her sister Adelaida to work. She would work as an [[Embroidery|embroiderer]] while studying in a local[[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] for boys. In 1916 she would join the [[Socialist Revolutionary Party]], before leaving it for the [[Bolsheviks]] in 1917 with whom she participated in the [[Russian Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Fortus |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/research/research-projects/soldiers/maria-fortus.html |access-date=August 17, 2023 |website=www.yadvashem.org |language=en}}</ref>


Fortus married the Catalan anarchist {{Ill|Ramon Casanellas|es|Ramon Casanellas}}, who had fled to the Soviet Union as a refugee. Fortus and her husband spent time together in Spain, allowing her to develop a familiarity with the Spanish language and culture. This familiarity assisted her when she was appointed to a Soviet military delegation to Spain during the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936, where she served as a translator. While working in Spain, she used the false name Julia Jiménez Cárdenas. Fortus became an intelligence agent in [[World War II]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Rodríguez-Espinosa |first=Marcos |date=2016-01-02 |title="¡No Pasarán!": Translators under siege and ideological control in the Spanish Civil War |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0907676X.2015.1073765 |journal=Perspectives |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=22–35 |doi=10.1080/0907676X.2015.1073765 |s2cid=147259319 |issn=0907-676X}}</ref> She primarily operated in the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]], where she trained other intelligence officers. She was also involved in operations in the [[Kingdom of Romania]] and the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zalietok |first=Nataliia |date=2018-11-02 |title=British and Soviet Women in the Military Campaign of 1939-45: A Comparative Review |url=https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Publishing/Marine-Corps-University-Press/MCU-Journal/SpecialIssue2018/ |journal=MCU Journal |issue=Gender |pages=25 |doi=10.21140/mcuj.2018si01|s2cid=187108179 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Fortus received the [[Order of Lenin]] for her service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baigorri-Jalón |first=Jesús |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B0vEAAAQBAJ |title=Languages in the Crossfire: Interpreters in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-39610-2 |language=en |chapter=Appendix: Honors and Awards Received by Interpreters}}</ref> The 1970 film [[Hail, Mary!|''Hail, Mary!'']] was based on Fortus's life.<ref>{{Cite periodical |date=1971-10-27 |title=Feature Film Premiered |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_n96LRTmyLMC&dq=Maria+Fortus&pg=RA9-PA27 |magazine=[[Soviet Life]] |page=27}}</ref>
Fortus married the Catalan anarchist {{Ill|Ramon Casanellas|es|Ramon Casanellas}}, who had fled to the Soviet Union as a refugee. Fortus and her husband spent time together in Spain, allowing her to develop a familiarity with the Spanish language and culture. This familiarity assisted her when she was appointed to a Soviet military delegation to Spain during the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936, where she served as a translator. While working in Spain, she used the false name Julia Jiménez Cárdenas. Fortus became an intelligence agent in [[World War II]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Rodríguez-Espinosa |first=Marcos |date=2016-01-02 |title="¡No Pasarán!": Translators under siege and ideological control in the Spanish Civil War |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0907676X.2015.1073765 |journal=Perspectives |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=22–35 |doi=10.1080/0907676X.2015.1073765 |s2cid=147259319 |issn=0907-676X}}</ref> She primarily operated in the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]], where she trained other intelligence officers. She was also involved in operations in the [[Kingdom of Romania]] and the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zalietok |first=Nataliia |date=2018-11-02 |title=British and Soviet Women in the Military Campaign of 1939-45: A Comparative Review |url=https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Publishing/Marine-Corps-University-Press/MCU-Journal/SpecialIssue2018/ |journal=MCU Journal |issue=Gender |pages=25 |doi=10.21140/mcuj.2018si01|s2cid=187108179 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Fortus received the [[Order of Lenin]] for her service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baigorri-Jalón |first=Jesús |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B0vEAAAQBAJ |title=Languages in the Crossfire: Interpreters in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-39610-2 |language=en |chapter=Appendix: Honors and Awards Received by Interpreters}}</ref>
== Portrayal in Media ==
The 1970 film [[Hail, Mary!|''Hail, Mary!'']] was based on Fortus's life.<ref>{{Cite periodical |date=1971-10-27 |title=Feature Film Premiered |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_n96LRTmyLMC&dq=Maria+Fortus&pg=RA9-PA27 |magazine=[[Soviet Life]] |page=27}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Military personnel from Kherson]]
[[Category:20th-century Ukrainian Jews]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Bolsheviks]]
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[[Category:People of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Women in the Spanish Civil War]]
[[Category:Russian people of the Spanish Civil War]]
[[Category:Jewish female partisans]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[Category:Soviet translators]]
[[Category:Soviet translators]]
[[Category:Soviet women in World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet women in World War II]]
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[[Category:Women in the Spanish Civil War]]

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{{USSR-bio-stub}}
{{Ukraine-bio-stub}}
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[[Category:1900 births]]
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[[Category:Military personnel from Kherson]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fortus, Mariya}}

Revision as of 21:51, 17 August 2023

Maria Fortus
Birth nameMaria Alexandrovna Fortus
Born1900 (1900)
Kherson, Russian Empire
Died1981 (aged 80–81)
Allegiance Soviet Union

Mariya Alexandrovna Fortus (Russian: Мария Фортус; 1900–1980)[1] was a Soviet Jewish translator and intelligence officer.

Biography

Fortus was born in 1900 in Kherson to the family of a rich Jewish banker. Her father abandoned the family in 1913, forcing Mariya and her sister Adelaida to work. She would work as an embroiderer while studying in a localgymnasium for boys. In 1916 she would join the Socialist Revolutionary Party, before leaving it for the Bolsheviks in 1917 with whom she participated in the Russian Civil War.[2]

Fortus married the Catalan anarchist Ramon Casanellas [es], who had fled to the Soviet Union as a refugee. Fortus and her husband spent time together in Spain, allowing her to develop a familiarity with the Spanish language and culture. This familiarity assisted her when she was appointed to a Soviet military delegation to Spain during the Spanish Civil War in 1936, where she served as a translator. While working in Spain, she used the false name Julia Jiménez Cárdenas. Fortus became an intelligence agent in World War II.[1] She primarily operated in the Ukrainian SSR, where she trained other intelligence officers. She was also involved in operations in the Kingdom of Romania and the Kingdom of Hungary.[3] Fortus received the Order of Lenin for her service.[4]

Portrayal in Media

The 1970 film Hail, Mary! was based on Fortus's life.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Rodríguez-Espinosa, Marcos (2016-01-02). ""¡No Pasarán!": Translators under siege and ideological control in the Spanish Civil War". Perspectives. 24 (1): 22–35. doi:10.1080/0907676X.2015.1073765. ISSN 0907-676X. S2CID 147259319.
  2. ^ "Maria Fortus". www.yadvashem.org. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  3. ^ Zalietok, Nataliia (2018-11-02). "British and Soviet Women in the Military Campaign of 1939-45: A Comparative Review". MCU Journal (Gender): 25. doi:10.21140/mcuj.2018si01. S2CID 187108179.
  4. ^ Baigorri-Jalón, Jesús (2021). "Appendix: Honors and Awards Received by Interpreters". Languages in the Crossfire: Interpreters in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-39610-2.
  5. ^ "Feature Film Premiered". Soviet Life. 1971-10-27. p. 27.
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