Politics of Wallonia: Difference between revisions
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The '''Politics of Wallonia''' concern not only the [[government]] of the region of [[Wallonia]], but also that of the [[French Community of Belgium]], the [[German-speaking Community of Belgium]] and the [[Brussels-Capital Region]]. |
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This article is about '''[[politics]] in [[Wallonia]]''', with a focus on political parties and political life. |
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==Structures== |
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Walloon politics is similar to the politics of the [[French-speaking community]] in Belgium: the French-speaking socialist party [[PS]] is viewed as dominating both. The centre right [[Reformist Movement|Mouvement Réformateur]] (MR) is a close second, and the greens ([[Ecolo]]) and Christian Democrats, who recently renamed themselves the [[Centre Démocrate Humaniste]] (CDH) battle for a distant third place. Wallonia has no notable political party that is only active in Wallonia, and not in Brussels. |
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[[Image:BelgieGewestenkaart.png|thumb|120px|Regions of Belgium<br />Brussels-Capital (<span style="color: #0000A0">'''blue'''</span>)<br />Wallonia (<span style="color: #A00000">'''red'''</span>)<br />Flemish Region(<span style="color: #A0A000">'''yellow'''</span>)]] |
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Since [[23 April]], [[1993]], [[Belgium]] has been a [[federal]] state, divided into three geographical regions and three linguistic communities. The Walloon Region is one of the three regions, mainly [[French language|French-speaking]]. The other two geographical regions are the [[Flemish Region]], a mainly [[Dutch language|Dutch-speaking]] region in the north and west, and the Brussels-Capital, bilingual French-Dutch administering the city of [[Brussels]]. Some governmental comptencies are exercised by the linguistic communities, of which the French Community of Belgium is the largest in Wallonia, while the German-speaking Community of Belgium's responsibilities are for an area within Wallonia. |
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The [[Parliament of Wallonia]] is a [[unicameral]] legislature of 75 members elected to serve five year terms. It is based in the former Hospice Saint-Gilles at [[Namur]]. |
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General public policy is currently dominated by the [[PS]] which has members in the regional and federal government, as well as all large and nearly all mid-size city governments. [[Elio Di Rupo]], its president is widely seen as by far the most powerful politician in French-speaking Belgium. Many Flemish nationalists portray him as the number one in Belgium. Walloon public services are quite important and accordingly funded. The employment in Walloon public services is relatively high compared to that in the rest of the E.U. |
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The Government of Wallonia is responsible to the Parliament. Excepting cultural and education matters, which are controlled by the linguistic communities, the Walloon Region's competences include local administration, housing, transport, training, employment, health and social policy. The Region administers a number of companies, including those responsible for the provision of water and public transport. |
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==Parliament== |
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Public radio and television are influenced by the dominant political forces, as they also are in [[Flanders]]. The [[Board of Directors]] of [[RTBF]], the public television and radio, includes many nominees from the governing parties. The [[Groupe d’étude et de réforme de la fonction administrative|GERFA]] mentions the "direct intervention of the presidents of the political parties in the nomination of department managers in [[2003]], in spite of promises of depoliticization" (Source: GERFA, [http://www.gerfa.be/memorandum2-1.html#ChapIIA], point A.2.3, in French). |
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[[Image:Namur JPG06.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|[[Namur]] : the Citadel and the Parliament of Wallonia.]] |
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The directly-elected Parliament of Wallonia was created in June 1995, replacing the ''Conseil régional wallon'' (Regional Council of Wallonia). This first sat on [[15 October]], [[1980]] and was composed of members of the [[Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives]] and the [[Belgian Senate]] elected from Wallonia. |
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The composition of the parliament for the 2004-2009 legislature is as follows: |
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* [[Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)|Parti Socialiste]] (PS) : 34 |
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* [[Reformist Movement|Mouvement réformateur]] (MR) : 20 |
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* [[Humanist Democratic Centre|Centre démocrate humaniste]] (CDh) : 14 |
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* [[National Front (Belgium)|Front national]] (FN) : 4 |
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* [[Ecolo]] : 3 |
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The president of the parliament is [[José Happart]] (PS), the Vice-Presidents are Véronique Cornet (MR), Michel Lebrun (CDh) and Charles Janssens (PS). |
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The 75 members of the parliament, together with 19 French-speaking members elected by the parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region, form the Parliament of the French-Speaking Community of Belgium. Since 1999 elections have been held together with those for the [[European Parliament]]. |
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==Government== |
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[[Image:Elizete wi.jpg|thumb|200px|right|L'Élysette: seat of the Government of Wallonia, in [[Namur]]]] |
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | |
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|- |
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|[[Elio Di Rupo]] (PS)||Minister-President. |
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|- |
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|[[André Antoine (Belgique)|André Antoine]] (CDh)||Minister for Housing, Transport and Development. |
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|- |
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|[[Michel Daerden]] (PS)||Minister for the Budget and Finance. |
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|- |
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|[[Marie Arena]] (PS)||Minister for Training |
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|- |
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|[[Philippe Courard]] (PS)||Minister for the Interior and Administration |
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|- |
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|[[Marie-Dominique Simonet]] (CDh)||Minister for Research, Technology and External Affairs. |
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|- |
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|[[Jean-Claude Marcourt]] (PS)||Minister for the Economy, Employment and Trade. |
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|- |
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|[[Christiane Vienne]] (PS)||Minister for Health, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. |
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|- |
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|[[Benoit Lutgen]] (CDh)||Minister for Agricultural, Rural Affairs, the Environment and Tourism. |
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|} |
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Michel Daerden, Marie Arena and Marie-Dominique Simonet also serve in the government of the Brussels-Capital Region. |
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<!--=== La Wallonie sur la scène internationale === |
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La Wallonie a établi des Délégations générales à [[Québec]], [[Berlin]], [[Paris]], [[Varsovie]], [[Prague]], [[Bruxelles]] (UE), [[Bâton Rouge]], [[Santiago de Chili]], [[Dakar]], [[Rabat]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Alger]], [[Tunis]], [[Bucarest]] et [[Hanoï]]... De plus l'ensemble des ambassades belges sont tenues d'accueillir ses Agences à l'exportation (AWEX). |
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Dans le cadre de la représentation Wallone de la Belgique au niveau européen, la première initiative "internationale" de la Wallonie fut de signer une ''Déclaration commune'' avec le [[Québec]], le [[12 décembre]] [[1980]] dans le cadre alors encore très limité de ses compétences. C'est le Premier Ministre [[René Lévesque]] et le Ministre-Président [[Jean-Maurice Dehousse]] qui signèrent cet engagement dont le suivi fut assuré jusqu'à aujourd'hui.--> |
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<!--== Compétences de la Région wallonne == |
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Outre les compétences [[Régions de Belgique|régionales]] qui lui ont été attribuées par la constitution belge, la région Wallonne s'est vu attribuer une partie des compétences de la [[Communauté française de Belgique|Communauté française Wallonie-Bruxelles]] en 1993. |
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Par ailleurs, en pratique, les 75 parlementaires wallons exercent, avec 19 parlementaires bruxellois francophones, les compétences de la Communauté française, et plusieurs ministres wallons (Marie, Arena, Dominique Simonet...) siègent ''en même temps'' au Gouvernement wallon et au Gouvernement de la Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles. Si l'on cumule les compétences de la [[Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles]] concernant la Wallonie et les celles de la [[Wallonie]], on arrive à un total de 51% des anciennes compétences étatiques belges transférées <ref> * Charles Étienne Lagasse, ''Les nouvelles institutions politiques de la Belgique et de l'Europe'', Érasme, Namur, 2003, p. 289</ref>--> |
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<!--===Les sièges des institutions=== |
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*[[Namur]] : Capitale régionale (siège du [[Parlement wallon]]) |
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*[[Liège]] : Siège des institutions économiques |
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*[[Verviers]] : « Capitale wallonne de l'eau » |
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*[[Charleroi]] : Siège des institutions sociales (notamment le [[Forem]]) |
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*De plus, à [[Bruxelles]], se trouve le siège de l'Agence wallonne à l'Exportation et aux Investissements étrangers (Awex) et la Division des Relations internationales (DRI), pratiquement fusionnée avec le Commissariat général aux Relations internationales de la [[Communauté française de Belgique|Communauté française]] (CGRI).--> |
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<!--===L'administration régionale wallonne=== |
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L'administration régionale wallonne comprend deux ministères : |
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* le ministère de la Région wallonne (en abrégé MRW) |
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* le ministère wallon de l'Équipement et des Tranports (en abrégé MET) |
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Elle comprend par ailleurs une série d'institutions pararégionales (organismes d'intérêt public, en abbrégé OIP) bénéficiant d'une autonomie de gestion. Parmi les plus importantes : |
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* l'[[Awex]] - ''commerce extérieur'' |
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* l'[[Awiph]] - ''intégration des personnes handicapées'' |
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* l'[[IFAPME]] - ''formation professionnelle'' |
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* le [[Forem]] - ''emploi et formation professionnelle'' |
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* la [[SWDE]] - ''production et distribution d'eau'' |
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* la [[Société wallonne du logement]] - ''logement'' |
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* la [[Société régionale wallonne du Transport]]--> |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.wallonie.be/en/home.shtml Wallonia Portal] |
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* {{fr}} [http://gov.wallonie.be/code/fr/hp.asp Government of Wallonia] |
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* {{fr}} [http://parlement.wallonie.be/content/default.php Parliament of Wallonia] |
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* {{fr}} [http://www.pcf.be/ Parliament of the French-Speaking Community] |
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[[Category:Wallonia]] |
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[[Category:Government of Belgium]] |
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[[fr:Politique de la Wallonie]] |
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Revision as of 16:22, 15 August 2006
You must add a |reason= parameter to this Cleanup template – replace it with {{Cleanup|September 2005|reason=<Fill reason here>}}, or remove the Cleanup template.
The Politics of Wallonia concern not only the government of the region of Wallonia, but also that of the French Community of Belgium, the German-speaking Community of Belgium and the Brussels-Capital Region.
Structures
Brussels-Capital (blue)
Wallonia (red)
Flemish Region(yellow)
Since 23 April, 1993, Belgium has been a federal state, divided into three geographical regions and three linguistic communities. The Walloon Region is one of the three regions, mainly French-speaking. The other two geographical regions are the Flemish Region, a mainly Dutch-speaking region in the north and west, and the Brussels-Capital, bilingual French-Dutch administering the city of Brussels. Some governmental comptencies are exercised by the linguistic communities, of which the French Community of Belgium is the largest in Wallonia, while the German-speaking Community of Belgium's responsibilities are for an area within Wallonia.
The Parliament of Wallonia is a unicameral legislature of 75 members elected to serve five year terms. It is based in the former Hospice Saint-Gilles at Namur.
The Government of Wallonia is responsible to the Parliament. Excepting cultural and education matters, which are controlled by the linguistic communities, the Walloon Region's competences include local administration, housing, transport, training, employment, health and social policy. The Region administers a number of companies, including those responsible for the provision of water and public transport.
Parliament
The directly-elected Parliament of Wallonia was created in June 1995, replacing the Conseil régional wallon (Regional Council of Wallonia). This first sat on 15 October, 1980 and was composed of members of the Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives and the Belgian Senate elected from Wallonia.
The composition of the parliament for the 2004-2009 legislature is as follows:
- Parti Socialiste (PS) : 34
- Mouvement réformateur (MR) : 20
- Centre démocrate humaniste (CDh) : 14
- Front national (FN) : 4
- Ecolo : 3
The president of the parliament is José Happart (PS), the Vice-Presidents are Véronique Cornet (MR), Michel Lebrun (CDh) and Charles Janssens (PS).
The 75 members of the parliament, together with 19 French-speaking members elected by the parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region, form the Parliament of the French-Speaking Community of Belgium. Since 1999 elections have been held together with those for the European Parliament.
Government
| Elio Di Rupo (PS) | Minister-President. |
| André Antoine (CDh) | Minister for Housing, Transport and Development. |
| Michel Daerden (PS) | Minister for the Budget and Finance. |
| Marie Arena (PS) | Minister for Training |
| Philippe Courard (PS) | Minister for the Interior and Administration |
| Marie-Dominique Simonet (CDh) | Minister for Research, Technology and External Affairs. |
| Jean-Claude Marcourt (PS) | Minister for the Economy, Employment and Trade. |
| Christiane Vienne (PS) | Minister for Health, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. |
| Benoit Lutgen (CDh) | Minister for Agricultural, Rural Affairs, the Environment and Tourism. |
Michel Daerden, Marie Arena and Marie-Dominique Simonet also serve in the government of the Brussels-Capital Region.