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Sessions were held at regular intervals, usually two per week. For a period of years Roberts conducted one, and then two, ESP classes in addition to the regular sessions. With the exception of the classes, Roberts gave few readings to the public and was mostly focused on publishing the Material in printed form.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}
Sessions were held at regular intervals, usually two per week. For a period of years Roberts conducted one, and then two, ESP classes in addition to the regular sessions. With the exception of the classes, Roberts gave few readings to the public and was mostly focused on publishing the Material in printed form.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}

==Tenets of the Seth Material==
The Seth Material covers a wide variety of topics, including the nature of physical reality,{{Fact|date=December 2008}} the origins of the [[universe]],{{Fact|date=December 2008}} the theory of [[evolution]],{{Fact|date=December 2008}} [[reincarnation]] and [[karma]],<ref name=fuller/>, the [[Christ]] story,<ref name=fuller/> the nature of [[God]],{{Fact|date=December 2008}} and the purpose of life.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} Jane Roberts, speaking as Seth, made the following assertions, among others.

===Physical universe===
According to the Seth material, the physical universe is one of a [[multiverse|multitude of universes]] or "systems of reality", some physical in nature, some mental or spiritual, and some completely foreign to human concepts, each with its own natural laws, and each as valid as any other.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} As in the "[[many worlds hypothesis]]", our physical universe has multiple "probable" renditions. The Material posits that any event or action which is likely to occur in one probable universe will be actualized in that or another probable universe, or will be actualized in the dream universe or in some other system of reality. There are, as examples given by the Material, probable universes in which the [[dinosaurs]] still exist, and probable universes in which [[Christianity]] did not develop. Roberts, speaking as Seth, said that each individual has many counterparts<ref>Session 721, ''The Unknown Reality, Vol. 2, by Jane Roberts (1979). ISBN 0-13-938852-4</ref> within the probable renditions of the universe, not all of whom have the same name, occupation or personal relationships. Roberts further stated that all systems of reality are, to some extent, camouflages, as all beings have an existence which is independent of any system. The number of systems is infinite since new systems come into existence constantly. No system of reality is closed or finite; energy and information pass through all systems.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}

===The Self===
The Seth material states that a human being has many spiritual layers, most notably an "outer ego" which interacts with the physical world, and an "inner ego" or "inner self" which is concerned with the mechanics of constructing the physical world, and which existed prior to any incarnations.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} The entire self, which Seth, via Roberts, referred to as an "entity", is a [[gestalt]] consisting of the various selves that the entity has been through past existences (physical and nonphysical), plus all the currently incarnated selves, and all their probable counterparts. According to the Seth material, human beings are generally unaware of the inner self, although it comes through as intuition and the "inner voice" that many people believe they hear. At death, the outer ego lives on and continues to develop; it takes its place as part of the gestalt that forms the entire entity, but it is free to evolve and to develop new associations.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}

===Existence===
Each human individual exists in four universes or "planes" simultaneously: the physical universe, which is the result of coordinated mass mental projections on the part of its inhabitants; a dream universe, which is created in the same way but has less rigid natural laws; an adjacent electrical universe, where the inner self resides and all mental activity occurs; and an anti-matter universe of which Seth said very little. The various portions of the self, and the various universes, are all aspects of a single whole, though Seth referred to them separately for the sake of explication. Ultimately, there are no boundaries to the self just as there are no boundaries to any system of reality. All portions of the self contribute to dreams, which continue when the outer ego is awake.<ref>Session 188, ''The Early Sessions; Book 4 of the Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (1998).</ref>

===Physical reality===
The physical environment is constructed and maintained by the inner selves of the individual occupants (including the animals).<ref>Session 610, ''The Nature of Personal Reality, by Jane Roberts (1974). ISBN 0-13-610576-9</ref> The inner selves project, ''en masse'', a pattern for physical reality which is then filled with energy, as needed, by each individual. The energy which is used is the inexhaustible energy which emanates from God. Because all things are composed of energy, and because energy must always be active, change and transformation are constants in the universe, and nothing remains the same from one moment to the next. Identity, however, seeks permanence, so there is a constant attempt on the part of individuals to create environments that feel permanent; the Earth is one such place. Time, which is essentially illusory, has the effect of slowing the perception of experience, and thus creates the illusion of permanence or gradual development. Even amidst constant change, however, identity is never lost.

===Individual reality===
As reported by Roberts, Seth said that all individuals create their own circumstances and experiences within the shared earthly environment, similar to the doctrine of [[responsibility assumption]]. This concept is expressed in the phrase "you create your own reality". The inner self is responsible for the construction and maintenance of the individual's physical body and immediate physical environment, but the unfolding of events is determined by the expectations, attitudes and beliefs of the outer ego, that portion of the self that we know as ourselves. Both productive and unproductive attitudes are translated into reality, and thus one of the tasks of the individual is to learn how to direct his or her thoughts in positive directions.<ref>Chapter 13, ''The Seth Material, by Jane Roberts (1970).</ref>

===Reincarnation===
Reincarnation is the rule, although many misconceptions abound. For example, human beings never reincarnate as animals;<ref>Session 705, ''The Unknown Reality, Vol. 2, by Jane Roberts (1979). ISBN 0-13-938852-4</ref> cause-and-effect does not operate from one life to the next (although all lives are interrelated in various ways); and reincarnation does not end in a state of nirvana. Each individual must experience fatherhood, motherhood and childhood, and thus must incarnate at least twice; the maximum number varies, depending on the temperament and needs of the individual.<ref>Chapter 12, ''The Seth Material, by Jane Roberts (1970).</ref> There is a period of rest between incarnations, and sometimes individuals will occupy other planes of existence before returning to the Earth. When an individual's reincarnational cycle is over, the individual moves on to other systems of reality.<ref>Chapter 12, ''The Seth Material, by Jane Roberts (1970).</ref> There is no heaven or hell,<ref>Session 203, ''The Early Sessions; Book 4 of the Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (1998).</ref> only continued existence in various environments of the individual's choosing.

===Birth and souls===
The majority of souls who are reincarnating enter the fetus shortly before, during or after birth. If the mother is considering an abortion, the soul will be aware of that and can choose not to incarnate. If the soul enters the fetus and the fetus is then aborted, the soul continues on to other lives. Some souls seek the ''in utero'' experience and do not wish to be born. According to Seth, there is no actual death in the universe; even the cells of the fetus reincarnate.

=== Time and space ===
[[Time]] and [[space]] are "root assumptions" of this plane of existence;<ref>Chapter 3, Session 519, ''Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul'', by Jane Roberts (1972); "Root assumptions are those built-in ideas of reality of which I spoke -- those agreements upon which you base your ideas of existence. Space and time, for example, are root assumptions. Each system of reality has its own set of such agreements."</ref> i.e., they are essentially illusory,<ref>Chapter 16, Session 567, ''Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul'', by Jane Roberts (1972); "... As I have said frequently, time as you think of it does not exist ...".</ref><ref>Chapter 3, Session 518, ''Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul'', by Jane Roberts (1972); "... in a very real manner, space as you perceive it simply does not exist. Not only is the illusion of space caused by your own physical perceptive mechanisms, but it is also caused by mental patterns that you have accepted ...".</ref> and both the past and future coexist with the present in what Seth referred to as the "spacious present".<ref>Session 41, ''The Early Sessions: Book 1 of the Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (1994); "In actuality there is only a spacious present, so spacious that it cannot be explored all at once in your terms, hence your arbitrary division of it into larger rooms of past, present and future."</ref> Therefore, a person's incarnations in different time periods are actually lived simultaneously, as opposed to consecutively.<ref>Session 256, ''The Early Sessions: Book 6 of the Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (1999).</ref> Communication among the various past, present and future selves occurs during the dream state. Time appears to exist in a linear form because of limitations inherent in the physical human brain.<ref>Session 426, ''The Early Sessions: Book 9 of the Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (2002); "Your idea of space and time then is definitely determined by your neurological structure"; "... 'time' exists as the pulses leap the nerve ends."</ref> Development, expansion, growth and change do not require time in order to occur.

===Deity===
There is a [[God]], whom Seth referred to as "All That Is" and described as a "primary energy gestalt".<ref>Session 81, ''The Early Sessions: Book 2 of the Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (1997).</ref><ref>Chapter 18, ''The Seth Material'', by Jane Roberts (1970).</ref> God is composed of self-replicating and inexhaustible mental energy; this mental energy permeates the universe and forms all things, including all individuals. As it does so, it carries God's consciousness with it. Thus, God's consciousness occupies all things and is omnipresent. God is therefore a gestalt of all existence, as in [[Pantheism]] and [[Panentheism]] (a gestalt is a whole which is greater than the sum of its parts). For this reason, it can be said that only one individual exists in the universe, and all other individuals are contained within the greater Whole. "All faces belong to God", as Seth said.{{Fact|date=November 2007}} Since God's consciousness occupies all things, God experiences each life that is lived. God wishes to experience existence in all its forms and ramifications, and through its creations is able to do this. God is therefore dynamic and ever-changing and shares in the failures, triumphs, perfections and imperfections of its creations.

According to Seth, the individuals who exist within God, though part of God, have free will and self-determination. They also have God's creative powers, though those powers are masked by the root assumptions of physical reality. Since God's mental energy forms all things, all material things have life and consciousness, though of an order that is not perceptible to human beings in their present state of development. The atom is a means by which God's mental energy can be materialized. According to Seth, God does not know of any others like itself, but assumes that something -- possibly another "primary energy gestalt" -- came before it. If God sprang from another like itself, then the possibility exists that there are many Gods, each presumably aware only of its own existence.

===Creation===
God had a beginning, and there was a Creation, though it differs markedly from the Christian version. In God's early stages, the universe existed in a state of potentiality within what Seth referred to as God's dreams. The agony of knowing the potential of the universe, yet not being able to express it, compelled God to find the means to actualize its dreams. Additional impetus was provided by the individuals in its dreams, whom God had imbued with life and consciousness, and who clamored to be made real.<ref>Chapter 18, ''The Seth Material; Roberts, Jane.'' (1970).</ref>

===Jesus Christ===
[[Jesus Christ]] is a highly evolved entity who has existence in many systems of reality. However, Christ has the same relationship to God that all other individuals do -- i.e., he is part of God. At the time of [[Christ]], the Christ entity incarnated as three individuals -- [[John the Baptist]], [[Jesus]] of [[Nazareth]], and [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul or Saul of Tarsus]] -- and each was to some degree aware of his role in founding a new [[religion]] (although Paul/Saul was not aware of his role until after his conversion to Christianity). Seth said that Jesus was not [[crucifixion|crucified]], and that it is not in the nature of enlightened individuals to sacrifice themselves. Rather, a willing and deluded surrogate, who believed himself to be the Messiah, was substituted in Jesus' place, and it was this surrogate whom [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]] betrayed (and who was then crucified). Jesus was then able to be "resurrected" because he had not actually died. Seth said that the crucifixion of Jesus ''did'' occur as a shared psychic event, but it did not occur as a physical event.

=== Paul of Tarsus===
The Seth Material states that Paul (Saul), possibly [[Paul of Tarsus]], will reincarnate in the 21st century to correct mistakes that he made that set [[Christianity]] on the wrong course, and a period of spiritual awareness will ensue.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} Paul will, according to Roberts, not identify himself as Christ, and some will view him as the [[anti-Christ]], since his appearance will hasten the decline of traditional Christianity, along with other organized religions.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} Roberts claims that Paul will be known as a psychic; he will strive "to straighten out Christianity, which will be in shambles at the time of His arrival"<ref>Session 586, Seth Speaks, by Jane Roberts (1972). ISBN 0-553-12931-7</ref>, and he will form "a new system of thought when the world is sorely in need of one".<ref>Session 586, Seth Speaks, by Jane Roberts (1972). ISBN 0-553-12931-7</ref> The events surrounding the return of Paul/Saul will substantially be complete by the year 2075, but the ensuing changes to society will take a century to unfold.<ref>Chapter 21, Sessions 586 & 588, Roberts, Jane. ''Seth Speaks'' (1972). ISBN 1-878424-07-6</ref>

== Posthumous publications ==
In 1996, sessions 1 through 510 of the Seth Material (the "early sessions" which preceded the dictation of the Seth books) were published posthumously by Robert Butts in nine volumes, along with seven volumes of previously unpublished personal messages which accompanied the later sessions. Roberts' and Butts' [[manuscript]]s, notes and recordings were donated to the [[Yale University Library|Yale Library]]. Robert Butts remarried and lived in [[Sayre, Pennsylvania]] until his death in May, 2008.

Since Roberts' death, others have claimed to channel Seth. At least one person has claimed to channel Roberts herself.<ref>''Jane Roberts' A View From The Other Side'', Mary Maracek (1997). ISBN 0-9663258-0-X</ref>


== Criticism ==
== Criticism ==
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[[Category:Reincarnation]]
[[Category:Idealism]]
[[Category:Parapsychology]]
[[Category:Spiritualism]]
[[Category:Channelling]]
[[Category:Paranormal]]
[[Category:Channelled texts]]
[[Category:Channelled texts]]
[[Category:New Age texts]]
[[Category:New Age texts]]
[[Category:Reincarnation]]

Revision as of 18:09, 2 December 2008

The Seth Material is a collection of metaphysical texts dictated by the American writer and psychic Jane Roberts (May 8, 1929September 5, 1984) from late 1963 until her death. The Seth Material is one of the cornerstones of New Age philosophy,[1] and has been described as the most influential channelled text of the post-World War II "New Age" movement other than A Course in Miracles.[2] According to parapsychology expert and professor of psychology Dr. Jon Klimo the Seth books were instrumental in bringing awareness of channeling to a broad public audience, more so than any prior writer other than Edgar Cayce prior to his death in 1945.[3]

Dr. Catherine L. Albanese, Professor of American Religious History at the University of Chicago, stated that in the 1970s, the Seth Material "launched an era of nationwide awareness" of the channeling trend and directly contributed to the "self-identity of an emergent New Age movement and also augmenting its ranks."[4] Dr. John P. Newport, in his study of the impact of New Age beliefs on contemporary culture, described the central focus of the Seth material as the idea that, for each individual: "you create your own reality". He wrote that this foundational concept of the New Age movement was first articulated in the Seth material.[5] According to historian Robert C. Fuller, professor of religious studies at Bradley University, Seth filled the role of guide for what Fuller called "unchurched American spirituality", including the topics of reincarnation, karma, free will, ancient metaphysical wisdom, and "Christ consciousness".[6]

The Seth Material was purportedly dictated, not by Roberts herself, but by a discarnate entity who called himself Seth,[7] whom Roberts "channelled".[8] Roberts described the process of writing the Seth material as entering a trance state during which Seth would assume control of her body and speak through her, while her husband wrote down the words she spoke. These episodes are variously referred to as "readings" or "sessions".[9]

Other authors have also written material they claim to be channeled messages from the Seth entity, especially after Roberts' death,[10] including among others, Thomas Massari, who founded the Seth-Hermes Foundation and claimed to channel the Seth entity as early as 1972.[5]

History

In late 1963, Jane Roberts and her husband, Robert Butts, experimented with a Ouija board as part of Roberts' research for a book on extra-sensory perception.[11] According to Roberts and Butts, on December 2, 1963 they began to receive coherent messages from a male personality who eventually identified himself as Seth. Soon after, Roberts reported that she was hearing the messages in her head. She began to dictate the messages instead of using the Ouija board, and the board was eventually abandoned. For 21 years until Roberts' death in 1984 (with a one-year hiatus due to her final illness), Roberts held regular sessions in which she went into a trance and purportedly spoke on behalf of Seth.[12] Butts served as stenographer, taking the messages down in home-made shorthand, although some sessions were recorded. These messages, channelled from Seth through Roberts, consisting mostly of monologues on a wide variety of topics, are collectively known as the "Seth Material". The Material through 1969 was published in summary form in The Seth Material, which was written by Roberts using material from the channelling sessions.

Beginning with the 511th session in January, 1970, Roberts began to write books that she reported were dicated by Seth. Roberts claimed no authorship of these books beyond her role as medium; and according to Roberts and Butts, these "channelled" books were published verbatim with only minor editorial corrections. This series of "Seth books" eventually totalled ten volumes, although the last two books appear to be incomplete due to Roberts' illness. The list of titles includes Seth Speaks; The Nature of Personal Reality; The Nature of the Psyche, Its Human Expression; The Individual and the Nature of Mass Events; The Unknown Reality; and Dreams, Evolution and Value Fulfilment. Robert Butts contributed notes and comments to all the Seth books, and thus was a co-author on all of them.

According to Roberts, Seth described himself as an "energy personality essence no longer focused in physical matter"[13] who was independent of Roberts' subconscious, although Roberts herself expressed skepticism as to Seth's origins, wondering if he was a part of her own personality.[14] Seth, through Roberts, said that he had completed his earthly reincarnations and that he was speaking from an adjacent plane of existence (or "system of reality" or "universe", all terms which Seth, through Roberts, used). He described himself as a "teacher"[15] whose task was to impart the principles set forth in the Material to the current generation of human beings.[citation needed]

While channelling Seth, Roberts' demeanour was notably different from her' usual demeanor, as reported by witnesses who included Butts, friends, acquaintances and students.[citation needed] Roberts, as Seth, was at times stern, jovial or professorial, and he frequently assumed a distinct accent which was not identifiable.[citation needed] Unlike the psychic Edgar Cayce, whose syntax when speaking in trance was antiquated and convoluted, Roberts' syntax and sentence structures were modern and clear when speaking as Seth.[citation needed]

Sessions were held at regular intervals, usually two per week. For a period of years Roberts conducted one, and then two, ESP classes in addition to the regular sessions. With the exception of the classes, Roberts gave few readings to the public and was mostly focused on publishing the Material in printed form.[citation needed]

Criticism

  • Charles Upton in his book The System of Antichrist, which critiques the New Age movement, argues that the reason Jane Roberts multiplies the self in many ways is due to a fear of death, and that the Seth texts are based on a misunderstanding of both Christianity and of Eastern religions.[16]
  • The implied influences of Eastern mysticism and philosophy are also highlighted in Astrology and Psychic Phenomena by Terry Holley, E Calvin Beisner and Robert M Bowman Jr, who say "Husband Robert Butts admitted that similarities exist between Seth's ideas and those of various religious, philosophical, and mystical doctrines from the Near, Middle, or Far East...and we've done a little reading on Buddhism, Hinduism, Zen, and Taoism, for example, not to mention subjects like shamanism, voodooism, and obeah."[17]
  • Psychologist and critic of parapsychology James E. Alcock has concluded "In light of all this, the Seth materials must surely be viewed as less than ordinary. There certainly was the time and talent for fraud to play a role, but we cannot discriminate between that possibility and the possibility of unconscious production— At any rate, given these circumstances, there seems little need to consider the involvement of any supernatural agency."[18]

Notes

  1. ^ The Holographic Universe, by Michael Talbot (1991). ISBN 0-06-092258-3
  2. ^ Upton, Charles (2005). The System of Antichrist: Truth and Falsehood in Postmodernism and the New Age. Sophia Perennis. p. 169. ISBN 0900588381.
  3. ^ Klimo, Jon (1998). Channeling: Investigations on Receiving Information from Paranormal Sources. North Atlantic Books. p. 22. ISBN 1556432488.
  4. ^ Albanese, Catherine L. (2007). A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion. Yale University Press. p. 501. ISBN 0300110898.
  5. ^ a b Newport, John P. (1998). The New Age Movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 0802844308.
  6. ^ Fuller, Robert C. Spiritual, But Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America. Oxford University Press US. p. 60. ISBN 0195146808. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |yerar= ignored (help)
  7. ^ ESP Power, by Jane Roberts (2000). ISBN 0-88391-016-0
  8. ^ Out-Of-Body Adventures, by Rick Stack (1988). ISBN 978-0809245604
  9. ^ Conversations With Seth, Book 2: 25th Anniversary Edition, by Susan M. Watkins (2006). ISBN 978-1930491090
  10. ^ Fuller, Robert C. Spiritual, But Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America. Oxford University Press US. p. 187. ISBN 0195146808. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |yerar= ignored (help)
  11. ^ ESP Power, by Jane Roberts (2000) (introductory essay by Lynda Dahl). ISBN 0-88391-016-0
  12. ^ Other Lives, Other Selves: A Jungian Psychotherapist Discovers Past Lives, by Roger Woolger (1988). ISBN 978-0553345957
  13. ^ Chapter 1, Session 511, Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul, by Jane Roberts (1972).
  14. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7R7xyB0T80C&pg=PA30&dq=%22jane+roberts%22+seth+trance&lr= Channeling p.30
  15. ^ Chapter 1, Session 511, and Chapter 2, Session 514, Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul, by Jane Roberts (1972).
  16. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CwUo8zcsinoC&pg=PA169&dq=%22seth+material%22#PPA174,M1 The System of Antichrist pg 173
  17. ^ Kole, Andre; E Calvin Beisner, Robert M Bowman Jr, Terry Holley Astrology and Psychic Phenomena Zondervan Publishing House 1989 ISBN 978-0310489214 p.51 "seth+materials"+"Jane+roberts"#PPA51,M1
  18. ^ Kole, Andre; E Calvin Beisner, Robert M Bowman Jr, Terry Holley Astrology and Psychic Phenomena Zondervan Publishing House 1989 ISBN 978-0310489214 p.52"seth+materials"+"Jane+roberts"#PPA51,M1

References