Tin(IV) sulfide: Difference between revisions

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 428786259

| Name = Tin(IV) sulfide

| ImageFile = SnS2-bas.png

| ImageSize = 160px

| ImageName = Ball-and-stick model of tin(IV) sulfide

| IUPACName = Tin(IV) sulfide

| OtherNames = Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, [[Mosaic gold]]

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo = 1315-01-1

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| PubChem = 73977

| PubChem1 = 15238661

| PubChem1_Comment = (S=Sn=S)

| ChEBI = 50886

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}

| UNII = YVY89V9BUH

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}

| StdInChI = 1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|inchi}}

| StdInChIKey = TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|inchi}}

| SMILES = [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4]

| SMILES1 = S=[Sn]=S

| SMILES1_Comment = (S=Sn=S)

| EC_number = 215-252-9

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Sn=1 | S=2

| Appearance = Gold-yellow powder

| Odor = Odorless

| Density = 4.5 g/cm³<ref name=crc />

| MeltingPtC = 600

| MeltingPt_notes = <br> decomposes<ref name=crc>{{CRC90}}</ref>

| Solubility = Insoluble

| SolubleOther = Soluble in aq. [[alkali]]s, decompose in [[aqua regia]]<ref name=crc /><br> Insoluble in [[alkyl]] [[acetate]]s, [[acetone]]<ref name=doc00>{{cite book|page = 1080|title = A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic|url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.163725|edition = 2nd|first1 = Arthur Messinger|last1 = Comey|first2 = Dorothy A.|last2 = Hahn|place = New York|publisher = The MacMillan Company|date = February 1921}}</ref>

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| Coordination = Octahedral (Sn⁴⁺)<ref name=asm />

| CrystalStruct = [[Rhombohedral]], [[Pearson symbol|hP3]]<ref name=asm>{{Cite journal|url = ftp://ftp.asm-intl.org/pub/MARC_Records/V09/asmhba0003722.pdf|doi = 10.1361/asmhba0003722|title = Crystal Structure*|editor-first = G.F. Vander|editor-last = Voort|pages = 29–43|journal = ASM Handbook|volume = 9|issue = Metallography and Microstructures|year = 2004|doi-broken-date = 31 January 2024}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

| SpaceGroup = P{{overline|3}}m1, No. 164<ref name=asm />

| PointGroup = {{overline|3}} 2/m<ref name=asm />

| LattConst_a = 3.65&nbsp;Å

| LattConst_c = 5.88&nbsp;Å<ref name=asm />

| LattConst_gamma = 120

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}<ref name=pab />

| GHSSignalWord = Warning

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|312|315|319|332|335}}<ref name=pab />

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|280|301+312|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|332+313}}<ref name=pab />

| NFPA-H = 1

| NFPA-R = 0

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA_ref = <ref name=pab>{{cite web|url = https://www.pfaltzandbauer.com/MSDS/S08330%20SDS%20061814.pdf|publisher = Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc.|place = Connecticut, USA|access-date = 2014-07-13|website = pfaltzandbauer.com|title = SDS of Stannic sulfide|archive-date = 2014-07-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173635/https://www.pfaltzandbauer.com/MSDS/S08330%20SDS%20061814.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref>

'''Tin(IV) sulfide''' is a compound with the [[chemical formula|formula]] {{chem|[[Tin|Sn]] [[Sulfur|S]]|2}}. The compound crystallizes in the [[cadmium iodide]] motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.<ref>Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.</ref> It occurs naturally as the rare [[mineral]] '''berndtite'''.<ref>Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. {{ISBN|0-521-21489-0}}.</ref> It is useful as [[semiconductor]] material with [[band gap]] 2.2&nbsp;eV.<ref>L.A.Burton et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 1312-1318

DOI: 10.1039/C5TA08214E.</ref>

==Reactions==

The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of {{chem|H|2|S}} to solutions of tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low [[pH]]. Crystalline {{chem|SnS|2}} has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> where it is known as [[mosaic gold]].

The material also reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of [[thiostannates]] with the formula {{chem|[SnS|2|]|''m''|[S]|''n''|2''n''−}}. A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is

:{{chem|SnS|2}} + {{chem|S|2-}} → {{sfrac|1|''x''}}{{chem|[SnS|3|2-|]|''x''}}.

:

== Applications ==

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It can be used in anodes of lithium ion batteries, where an intercalation process occurs to form Li₂S.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cupid |first1=D. M. |last2=Rezqita |first2=A. |last3=Glibo |first3=A. |last4=Artner |first4=M. |last5=Bauer |first5=V. |last6=Hamid |first6=R. |last7=Jahn |first7=M. |last8=Flandorfer |first8=H. |date=2021 |title=Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin (IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries |journal=Electrochim. Acta |volume=375|doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It can also be used in a similar way in electrodes of supercapacitors, which can be used as alternative source of energy storage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Setayeshmehr |first1=M. |last2=Haghighi |first2=M. |last3=Mirabbaszadeh |first3=K. |date=2021 |title=A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors |journal=Energy Storage |volume=4}}</ref>

SnS₂ has also been identified as a potential component of thermoelectric devices, which convert thermal energy to electrical energy. In one example, this property was made possible by forming a composite of SnS₂ with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Park |first1=D. |last2=Kim |first2=M. |last3=Kim |first3=J. |date=2022 |title=Strongly Coupled Tin(IV) Sulfide—MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Composites and Their Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties |journal=Inorg. Chem |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=3723–3729|doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03953 |pmid=35179362 |s2cid=246944069 }}</ref>

SnS₂ can also be used in wastewater treatment. Forming a membrane with SnS₂ and carbon nanofibers can potentially allow for the reduction of certain impurities in water, an example of which is hexavalent chromium.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhong |first1=Y. |last2=Qiu |first2=X. |last3=Chen |first3=D. |last4=Li |first4=N. |last5=Xu |first5=Q. |last6=Li |first6=H. |last7=He |first7=J. |last8=Lu |first8=J. |date=2016 |title=Flexible Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber/Tin(IV) Sulfide Core/Sheath Membranes for Photocatalytically Treating Chromium(VI)-Containing Wastewater |journal=ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces |volume=8 |issue=42 |pages=28671–28677|doi=10.1021/acsami.6b10241 |pmid=27723961 }}</ref>

In general, SnS₂ is useful as a semiconductor and can be purchased in powder form for experimental purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tin (IV) Sulfide (SnS2) Powder/Chunk/Lumps (CAS No.1315-01-1) {{!}} Stanford Advanced Materials |url=https://www.samaterials.com/tin/1864-tin-iv-sulfide-sns2-powder-chunk-lumps.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.samaterials.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

[[Mosaic gold|Mosaic Gold]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Commons category|Tin(IV) sulfide}}

* [https://www.samaterials.com/tin/1864-tin-iv-sulfide-sns2-powder-chunk-lumps.html Tin (IV) Sulfide Powder, Stanford Advanced Materials]

* [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tin-sulfide-_SnS2 Tin Sulfide (SnS2), PubChem]

{{Tin compounds}}

{{Sulfides}}

[[Category:Tin(IV) compounds]]

[[Category:IV-VI semiconductors]]

[[Category:Disulfides]]