Tripotassium phosphate: Difference between revisions

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{{chembox
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 430350546
| verifiedrevid = 442343633
| ImageFile = Tripotassium phosphate.png
| ImageFile = Tripotassium phosphate.png
| ImageSize = 150px
| ImageSize = 150px
⚫
| ImageFile1 = Kaliumphosphat.png
⚫
| IUPACName = Tripotassium phosphate
| ImageSize1 = 240px
| OtherNames =
| ImageCaption1 = Unit cell of tripotassium phosphate.
⚫
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ImageAlt1 = Unit cell of the anhydrous tripotassium phosphate under standard conditions (low temperature modification).
⚫
| IUPACName = Potassium phosphate
| SystematicName = Potassium tetraoxidophosphate(3−)
| OtherNames = Potassium phosphate, tribasic
⚫
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
⚫
| CASNo = 7778-53-2
⚫
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 56408
| ChemSpiderID = 56408
| CASNo = 7778-53-2
| ChEBI = 190301
| EC_number = 231-907-1
⚫
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| PubChem = 62657
| PubChem = 62657
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫
| CASNo = 7778-53-2
| SMILES = [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
| UNII = 16D59922JU
| SMILES = [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3
| StdInChI = 1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
| StdInChIKey = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>
| Formula = K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 212.27 g/mol
| MolarMass = 212.27 g/mol
| Appearance = white powder <br> [[deliquescent]]
| Appearance = White [[deliquescent]] powder
| Density = 2.564 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (17 °C)
| Density = 2.564 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (17 °C)
| MeltingPt = 1380 °C
| MeltingPtC = 1380
| BoilingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
| Solubility = 90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
| SolubleOther = insoluble in [[alcohol]]
| SolubleOther = Insoluble
| pKb = 1.6
| Solvent = [[ethanol]]
| pKb = 1.6
}}
}}
⚫
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| ExternalMSDS = "http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/p6060.htm"
| Structure_ref = <ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1134/S0020168506080206|title = Crystal structure of the low-temperature form of K3PO4| journal=Inorganic Materials| volume=42| issue=8| pages=908–913|year = 2006|last1 = Voronin|first1 = V. I.| last2=Ponosov| first2=Yu. S.| last3=Berger| first3=I. F.| last4=Proskurnina| first4=N. V.| last5=Zubkov| first5=V. G.| last6=Tyutyunnik| first6=A. P.| last7=Bushmeleva| first7=S. N.| last8=Balagurov| first8=A. M.| last9=Sheptyakov| first9=D. V.| last10=Burmakin| first10=E. I.| last11=Shekhtman| first11=G. Sh.| last12=Vovkotrub| first12=E. G.|s2cid = 92351896}}</ref>
⚫
| MainHazards = Irritant
| CrystalStruct = Primitive [[orthorhombic]]
| EUIndex = Not listed
| LattConst_a = 1.123772 nm
⚫
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| LattConst_b = 0.810461 nm
| NFPA-R = 0
| LattConst_c = 0.592271 nm
| LattConst_ref = <ref name=autogenerated2 />
⚫
| NFPA-O =
| RPhrases = {{R36}}, {{R38}}
| SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62
⚫
}}
| SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S36}}
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|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
⚫
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| ExternalSDS = [https://www.fishersci.com/msds?productName=P289500 MSDS]
⚫
}}
⚫
| MainHazards = Irritant
⚫
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| NFPA-H = 2
⚫
| NFPA-F = 0
⚫
| OtherCations = [[Trisodium phosphate]]<br/>[[Triammonium phosphate]]
⚫
| NFPA-R = 0
⚫
| OtherCpds = [[Monopotassium phosphate]]<br/>[[Dipotassium phosphate]]
| NFPA-S =
| Hazards_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Potassium phosphate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62657#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|319}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|280|305+351+338|337+313}}
⚫
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
}}
⚫
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
⚫
| OtherCations = [[Trisodium phosphate]]<br/>[[Triammonium phosphate]]<br/>[[Tricalcium phosphate]]
⚫
| OtherCompounds = [[Monopotassium phosphate]]<br/>[[Dipotassium phosphate]]
}}
}}
}}
}}


'''Tripotassium phosphate,''' also called tribasic potassium phosphate<ref name=autogenerated4>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/SIAL/P5629?lang=en&region=US&gclid=CjwKCAjwhcjVBRBHEiwAoDe5x4mgjw3D-Q3p-5HkZkBQX2hrkJZmUDb5Qt6FndG1g9fBXnUtTjM26BoC1WQQAvD_BwE|title=Potassium phosphate tribasic P5629|website=Sigma-Aldrich|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref> is a water-soluble [[ionic compound|salt]] with the chemical formula K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>.</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 3, 7, 9).<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann|author1=Klaus Schrödter|author2=Gerhard Bettermann|author3=Thomas Staffel|author4=Friedrich Wahl|author5=Thomas Klein|author6=Thomas Hofmann|title=Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates|doi=10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3|year=2012}}</ref> Tripotassium phosphate is basic.
'''Tripotassium phosphate''' is a water-soluble ionic salt which has the chemical formula K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. It is used as a food additive for its properties as an [[emulsifier]], [[foaming agent]] and [[whipping agent]].<ref>[http://www.nutritiondata.com/topics/food-additives NutritionData Food Additive Identifier – NutritionData.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In combination with [[fatty acids]], it is a potential antimicrobial agent in poultry processing.<ref>[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2005/00000068/00000007/art00022 IngentaConnect Microbicidal Activity of Tripotassium Phosphate and Fatty Acids t<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> As a [[fertilizer]], its proportions of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>O are 0-33-67, making it one of the few fertilizer compounds in which the nutrient percentages have a total of 100%.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}


==References==
== Production ==
Tripotassium phosphate is produced by the neutralization of phosphoric acid with [[potassium hydroxide]]:<ref name=Ullmann/>
<chem>H3PO4 + 3KOH -> K3PO4 + 3H2O</chem>


== Use in organic chemistry ==
<references/>
[[File:K3PO4.jpg|thumb|261x261px|'''K3PO4''']]
*[http://www.nutritiondata.com/topics/food-additives NutritionData Food Additive Identifier]
Tripotassium phosphate has few industrial applications.
*[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2005/00000068/00000007/art00022 Microbicidal Activity of Tripotassium Phosphate and Fatty Acids toward Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Poultry ''Journal of Food Protection, Volume 68, Number 7, July 2005 , pp. 1462&ndash;1466(5)'']

It is used as an inert, easily removed proton acceptor in [[organic synthesis]]. Some of the reactions are listed below:
# The hydrate (<chem>K3PO4\cdot H2O</chem>) has been used to catalyze the deprotection of [[tert-Butyloxycarbonyl protecting group|BOC]] amines. Microwave radiation is used to aid the reaction.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-03-04|title=Microwave-assisted N-Boc deprotection under mild basic conditions using K3PO4·H2O in MeOH|journal=Tetrahedron Letters|language=en|volume=50|issue=9|pages=1071–1074|doi=10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.074|issn=0040-4039|last1=Dandepally|first1=Srinivasa Reddy|last2=Williams|first2=Alfred L.}}</ref>
# As a catalyst for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers using [Bmim]<chem>BF4</chem> as the solvent. Aryl methane-sulfonates are deprotected and then followed by a [[nucleophilic aromatic substitution]] (S<sub>N</sub>Ar) with activated aryl halides.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xu|first1=Hui|last2=Chen|first2=Yang|date=2007-04-30|title=C(aryl)-O Bond Formation from Aryl Methanesulfonates via Consecutive Deprotection and S<sub>N</sub>Ar Reactions with Aryl Halides in an Ionic Liquid|journal=Molecules|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=861–867|doi=10.3390/12040861|pmid=17851438|pmc=6149384|doi-access=free}}</ref>
# As a base in the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with terminal alkynes. It also plays a role in the deacetonation of [[2-Methylbut-3-yn-2-ol|4-aryl-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol]] intermediates.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2005-10-10|title=A simple catalyst system for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes|journal=Tetrahedron|language=en|volume=61|issue=41|pages=9878–9885|doi=10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.099|issn=0040-4020|last1=Shirakawa|first1=Eiji|last2=Kitabata|first2=Takaaki|last3=Otsuka|first3=Hidehito|last4=Tsuchimoto|first4=Teruhisa}}</ref>
# As the base in the cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenols or aliphatic alcohols.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Niu|first1=Jiajia|last2=Zhou|first2=Hua|last3=Li|first3=Zhigang|last4=Xu|first4=Jingwei|last5=Hu|first5=Shaojing|date=2008-10-03|title=An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|language=EN|volume=73|issue=19|pages=7814–7817|doi=10.1021/jo801002c|pmid=18771324|issn=0022-3263}}</ref>

== Use in foods ==
Tripotassium phosphate can be used in foods as a [[buffering agent]], [[emulsifying agent]], and for nutrient fortification. It can serve as a sodium-free substitute for [[trisodium phosphate]]. The ingredient is most common in dry cereals but is also found in meat, sauces, and cheeses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Han |first=James |date=2020-08-03 |title=What is Tripotassium Phosphate E340(iii) in Food and Functions in Cereals? |url=https://foodadditives.net/phosphates/tripotassium-phosphate/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=foodadditives.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Hazards ==
It is somewhat basic: a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of 11.8.<ref name=Ullmann/>

==References==
{{Reflist | 30em}}


{{Potassium compounds}}
{{Potassium compounds}}
{{Phosphates}}


[[Category:Potassium compounds]]
[[Category:Potassium compounds]]
[[Category:Phosphates]]
[[Category:Phosphates]]
[[Category:Food emulsifiers]]
[[Category:Food emulsifiers]]
[[Category:E-number additives]]

[[Category:Inorganic fertilizers]]
[[da:Kaliumfosfat]]
[[Category:Deliquescent materials]]
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[[de:Kaliumphosphat]]
[[it:Fosfato di potassio]]
[[nl:Kaliumfosfaat]]
[[ja:リン酸三カリウム]]
[[sv:Kaliumfosfat]]
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