Lead titanate: Difference between revisions

| Verifiedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 443643862

| ImageFile = Perovskite.svg

| ImageSize =

| ImageAlt = Tetragonal unit cell of lead titanate

| OtherNames = Lead(II) titanate <br /> Lead titanium oxide <br /> Lead(II) titanium oxide

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}

| CASNo = 12060-00-3

| PubChem = 16211560

| EC_number = 235-038-9

| StdInChI=1S/3O.Pb.Ti/q;2*-1;+2;

| StdInChIKey = NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| SMILES = [O-][Ti](=O)[O-].[Pb+2]

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = PbTiO₃

| MolarMass = 303.09 g/mol

| Appearance = Yellow powder

| Density = 7.52 g/cm³

| MeltingPt =

| BoilingPt =

| Solubility = Insoluble}}

|Section3={{Chembox Hazards

| FlashPt =

| AutoignitionPt =

| NFPA-H = 2

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-R = 0

| NFPA-S =

| ExternalSDS = [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=PL&language=EN-generic&productNumber=215805&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fsearch%3Fterm%3DLead%2Btitanate%26interface%3DAll%26N%3D0%26mode%3Dmatch%2520partialmax%26lang%3Dpl%26region%3DPL%26focus%3Dproduct MSDS]

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} {{GHS08}} {{GHS09}}<ref name="sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=215805|name=Lead(II) titanate|accessdate=2019-01-15}}</ref>

| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER''' <ref name="sigma" />

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|332|360|373|410}}<ref name="sigma" />

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|261|273|304+340|312|308+313|391}}<ref name="sigma" />

| LD50 = 12000 mg/kg (rat) }}

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = [[Lead dioxide]] <br /> [[Lead acetate]]

| OtherCations = [[Caesium titanate]] <br /> [[Iron(II) titanate]]

| OtherFunction =

| OtherFunction_label =

| OtherCompounds = }}

At high temperatures, lead titanate adopts a cubic [[perovskite structure]]. At 760&nbsp;K,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Noheda | first1=Beatriz | last2=Cereceda | first2=Noé | last3=Iglesias | first3=Tomás | last4=Lifante | first4=Ginés | last5=Gonzalo | first5=Julio A. | last6=Chen | first6=Hui Ting | last7=Wang | first7=Yong Ling | title=Composition dependence of the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition in the mixed system PbZr_1−xTi_xO₃ | journal=Physical Review B | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=51 | issue=22 | date=1995-06-01 | issn=0163-1829 | doi=10.1103/physrevb.51.16388 | pages=16388–16391| pmid=9978623 | bibcode=1995PhRvB..5116388N | url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3273705/1995PhysRevBNoheda.pdf }}</ref> the material undergoes a second order [[phase transition]] to a tetragonal perovskite structure which exhibits ferroelectricity. Lead titanate is one of the end members of the [[lead zirconate titanate]] ({{chem2|auto=1|Pb&#91;Zr_{''x''}T_{1-''x''}]O3}}, {{nowrap|0 ≤ ''x'' ≤ 1}}, PZT) system, which is technologically one of the most important ferroelectric and [[piezoelectricity|piezoelectric]] ceramics; PbTiO₃ has a high ratio of k33 to kp with a high kt.

Lead titanate occurs in nature as mineral [[macedonite]].<ref>Radusinović, Dušan and Markov, Cvetko "Macedonite - lead titanate: a new mineral", ''American Mineralogist'' '''56''', 387-394 (1971), http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM56/AM56_387.pdf</ref><ref>Burke, E.A.J. and Kieft, C. "Second occurrence of makedonite, PbTiO₃, Långban, Sweden", ''Lithos'' '''4''', 101-104 (1971)</ref>

Lead titanate is toxic, like other lead compounds. It [[irritation|irritates]] [[human skin|skin]], [[mucous membrane]]s and [[human eye|eye]]s. It may also cause harm to unborn babies and might have effects on fertility.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/USA/35671.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-09-12 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719173104/http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/USA/35671.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Solubility in water==

The solubility of hydrothermally-synthesized perovskite-phase PbTiO₃ in water was experimentally determined at 25 and 80&nbsp;°C to depend on pH and vary from 4.9x10⁻⁴ mol/kg at pH≈3, to 1.9x10⁻⁴ mol/kg at pH≈7.7, to "undetectable" (<3.2x10⁻⁷ mol/kg) in the range 10<pH<11. At still higher pH values, the solubility increased again. The solubility was apparently [[incongruent transition|incongruent]] and was quantified as the analytical concentration of Pb.<ref>Jooho Moon, Melanie L. Carasso, Henrik G. Krarup, Jeffrey A. Kerchner, "Particle-shape control and formation mechanisms of hydrothermally derived lead titanate", Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 14, No.3, March 1999.[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237652068_Particle-Shape_Control_and_Formation_Mechanisms_of_Hydrothermally_Derived_Lead_Titanate]</ref>

{{Titanium compounds}}

{{Titanates}}

[[Category:Lead(II) compounds]]

[[Category:Titanates]]

[[Category:Perovskites]]