Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and VG (nerve agent): Difference between pages

| Verifiedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 470627395

| Name = VG

| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}

| ImageName = Skeletal formula of VG

| ImageFile1 = VG-3D-balls.png

| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of VG

| PIN = ''S''-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl] ''O'',''O''-diethyl phosphorothioate

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| CASNo = 78-53-5

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 7SD1SH009V

| SMILES = O=P(OCC)(OCC)SCCN(CC)CC

| PubChem = 6542

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| C=10 | H=24 | N=1 | O=3 | P=1 | S=1

| Density =

| MeltingPt =

| BoilingPtC = 110

| BoilingPt_notes = at 0.2 mmHg

| VaporPressure = 0.01 mmHg at 80 °C

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| NFPA-H = 4

| NFPA-F = 2

| NFPA-R = 1

| FlashPt =

}}

'''VG''' ([[IUPAC]] name: '''''O'',''O''-diethyl ''S''-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate''') (also called '''Amiton''' or '''Tetram''') is a "V-series" [[nerve agent]] chemically similar to the better-known [[VX (nerve agent)|VX nerve agent]]. Tetram is the common Russian name for the substance. Amiton was the trade name for the substance when it was marketed as an [[insecticide]] by [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]] in the mid-1950s.

==Chemical==

With a toxicity of about 1/10 that of [[VX (nerve agent)|VX]], i.e. similar to that of [[sarin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/cwco/download/table2_summary_schedules_relevance_cw_amended.pdf|access-date=2006-10-07|title=Summary of CWC-Schedules and their Relevance to Chemical Warfare|work=Australia's National Authority for the Chemical Weapons Convention|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504171002/http://www.dfat.gov.au/cwco/download/table2_summary_schedules_relevance_cw_amended.pdf|archive-date=2013-05-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> it is now considered too dangerous for use in agriculture<ref>

{{cite web | url = http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1572/MR1572.pdf | title= Toxic Warfare | publisher = RAND |author = Theodore Karasik | access-date = 2006-10-07}}</ref> but unlike other nerve agents it is classified under [[List of Schedule 2 substances (CWC)|Schedule 2]] of the [[Chemical Weapons Convention]] rather than the more restrictive [[List of Schedule 1 substances (CWC)|Schedule 1]]. It is thought that [[North Korea]] may have military stockpiles of this chemical

.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/NK/Chemical/50_1068.html | title= North Korea Profile Chemical Agents VG (Amiton, Tetram) | work = Nuclear Threat Initiative | access-date=2006-10-07}}

</ref>

During the early 1950s at least three chemical companies working on organo-phosphorus insecticides independently discovered the severe toxicity of these chemicals.<ref name="opcw-nerve">{{cite web | url = http://www.opcw.org/resp/html/nerve.html | title = Nerve Agents - Lethal organo-phosphorus compounds inhibiting cholinesterase | work = Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons website | access-date = 2006-10-07 | archive-date = 2008-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080927171513/http://www.opcw.org/resp/html/nerve.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1952, Dr. Ranajit Ghosh, a chemist working for [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]] at their Plant Protection Laboratories at [[Jealott's Hill]] was investigating the potential of organophosphate esters of substituted aminoethanethiols for use as pesticides. Like the earlier German investigators of organophosphates in the late 1930s who had discovered the [[Nerve_agent#G-series|G-series]] nerve agents, Dr. Ghosh discovered that their action on [[cholinesterase]] made them effective pesticides. One of them, Amiton, was described in a 1955 paper by Ghosh and another chemist, J. F. Newman, as being particularly effective against [[mite]]s.<ref name="opcw-nerve"/> It was brought to market as an insecticide by the company in 1954 but was subsequently withdrawn as too toxic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbwinfo.com/Chemical/Nerve/nervgen.shtml|work=The site for information about chemical and biological weapons for emergency, safety and security personnel|title=Nerve Agents: General|access-date=2006-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012005912/http://www.cbwinfo.com/Chemical/Nerve/nervgen.shtml|archive-date=2006-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=JH50>{{Cite book |title=Jealott's Hill: Fifty years of Agricultural Research 1928-1978 |editor-first=F.C. |editor-last1=Peacock |last=Calderbank |first=Alan |chapter=Chapter 6: Organophosphorus Insecticides |pages=[https://archive.org/details/jealottshillfift0000peac/page/49 49]–51 |publisher=Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. |year=1978 |isbn=0901747017 |url=https://archive.org/details/jealottshillfift0000peac |url-access=registration }}</ref>

The toxicity of these substances had not passed unnoticed by the [[British Government]], as some of the compounds had already been sent to their research facility at [[Porton Down]] for evaluation. Some of the chemicals from this class of compounds formed a new group of nerve agents called [[Nerve_agent#V-series|V Agents]]. The British Government unilaterally renounced chemical and biological weapons in 1956, although in 1958 traded their research on VG technology with the [[United States Government]] in exchange for information on [[thermonuclear weapons]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} The US then went into production of large amounts of the chemically similar, but much more toxic VX in 1961.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mitretek.org/AShortHistoryOfTheDevelopmentOfNerveGases.htm |access-date=2006-10-07 |title=A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases |work=Mitrek Systems |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112085443/http://www.mitretek.org/AShortHistoryOfTheDevelopmentOfNerveGases.htm |archive-date=November 12, 2006 }}</ref>

It is classified as an [[List of extremely hazardous substances|extremely hazardous substance]] in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. [[Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act]] (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.<ref name="gov-right-know">{{Cite journal | publisher = [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] | title = 40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities | url = http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf | edition = July 1, 2008 | access-date = October 29, 2011 }}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Chemical warfare}}

{{Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vg (Nerve Agent)}}

[[Category:Diethylamino compounds]]

[[Category:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors]]

[[Category:V-series nerve agents]]

[[Category:Organothiophosphate esters]]

[[Category:Ethyl esters]]