Stjepan Filipović: Difference between revisions
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Stjepan Filipović was born on 27 January 1916 in [[Opuzen]] (modern-day [[Croatia]]) as the fifth child in the family of Anton and Ivka Filipović. The Filipović family moved throughout the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], so he lived in [[Županja]], [[Mostar]] and [[Kragujevac]]. In Kragujevac, he studied locksmithing and mastered the basics of electrical wiring, carpentry and bookbinding.<ref>http://www.starosajmiste.info/blog/stjepan-filipovic-heroj-radnicke-i-antifasisticke-borbe-70-godina-od-smrti/</ref> He joined the labour movement in 1937, but he was arrested in 1939 and sentenced to a year in prison. He joined the [[Communist Party of Yugoslavia]] in 1940. |
Stjepan Filipović was born on 27 January 1916 in [[Opuzen]] (modern-day [[Croatia]]) as the fifth child in the family of Anton and Ivka Filipović. The Filipović family moved throughout the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], so he lived in [[Županja]], [[Mostar]] and [[Kragujevac]]. In Kragujevac, he studied locksmithing and mastered the basics of electrical wiring, carpentry and bookbinding.<ref>http://www.starosajmiste.info/blog/stjepan-filipovic-heroj-radnicke-i-antifasisticke-borbe-70-godina-od-smrti/</ref> He joined the labour movement in 1937, but he was arrested in 1939 and sentenced to a year in prison. He joined the [[Communist Party of Yugoslavia]] in 1940. |
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Filipović was commander of the Partisans' Tamnavsko-Kolubarski unit in [[Valjevo]] (modern-day [[Serbia]]) by 1941. He was captured on 24 February 1942 by [[Axis powers|Axis forces]] and hanged in [[Valjevo]] on 27 May 1942, aged 26. As the rope was put around his neck, Filipović defiantly thrust his hands out and shouted "Smrt fašizmu, sloboda narodu!" which translates as "[[Death to fascism, freedom to the people]]!". He urged the Yugoslav people to resist and implored them to never cease resisting. At this moment, a photograph was taken which has since become famous, and from which a statue of Filipović was cast.<ref>''A Concise History of Bosnia'', Cathie Carmichael, Cambridge University Press, 2015 {{ISBN|1107016150}}, 9781107016156 page 86</ref><ref>Sinclair, Upton; Sagarin, Edward; Teichner, Albert; ''Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest'', p. 438; L. Stuart, 1963.</ref> |
Filipović was commander of the Partisans' Tamnavsko-Kolubarski unit in [[Valjevo]] (modern-day [[Serbia]]) by 1941. He was captured on 24 February 1942 by [[Axis powers|Axis forces]] and hanged in [[Valjevo]] by [[Serbian State Guard]] unit<ref> |
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Istvan Deak; ''Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II'' p. 159; Routledge, 2013, {{ISBN|0813347890}}. </ref> on 27 May 1942, aged 26. As the rope was put around his neck, Filipović defiantly thrust his hands out and shouted "Smrt fašizmu, sloboda narodu!" which translates as "[[Death to fascism, freedom to the people]]!". He urged the Yugoslav people to resist and implored them to never cease resisting. At this moment, a photograph was taken which has since become famous, and from which a statue of Filipović was cast.<ref>''A Concise History of Bosnia'', Cathie Carmichael, Cambridge University Press, 2015 {{ISBN|1107016150}}, 9781107016156 page 86</ref><ref>Sinclair, Upton; Sagarin, Edward; Teichner, Albert; ''Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest'', p. 438; L. Stuart, 1963.</ref> |
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Filipović was declared a National Hero of Yugoslavia on 14 December 1949.<ref>Burns, Richard; ''The Blue Butterfly: Selected Writings'' p. 144; Salt, 2006, {{ISBN|1-84471-258-3}}.</ref> The town of Valjevo has a statue dedicated to him, "''Stevan'' Filipović". A monument was also erected in his home town of Opuzen in 1968, but was demolished in 1991.<ref name="Index"/> During the war his two brothers Nikola and Šimun Filipović also died. |
Filipović was declared a National Hero of Yugoslavia on 14 December 1949.<ref>Burns, Richard; ''The Blue Butterfly: Selected Writings'' p. 144; Salt, 2006, {{ISBN|1-84471-258-3}}.</ref> The town of Valjevo has a statue dedicated to him, "''Stevan'' Filipović". A monument was also erected in his home town of Opuzen in 1968, but was demolished in 1991.<ref name="Index"/> During the war his two brothers Nikola and Šimun Filipović also died. |
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Revision as of 10:36, 29 May 2020
Stjepan Filipović | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 27 January 1916 |
| Died | 22 May 1942 (aged 26) |
| Nationality | Yugoslav |
Stjepan Filipović (27 January 1916 – 22 May 1942) was a Yugoslav communist who led the Kolubara Company of the Valjevo Partisan Detachment during the 1941 Partisan uprising.
He was captured and executed in 1942 in Valjevo. The photo of him taken shortly before the execution has become a symbol of resistance against fascism in the Second World War, and was, among others, exhibited in the United Nations building in New York.[1] He was proclaimed People's Hero of Yugoslavia in 1949.
Biography
Stjepan Filipović was born on 27 January 1916 in Opuzen (modern-day Croatia) as the fifth child in the family of Anton and Ivka Filipović. The Filipović family moved throughout the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, so he lived in Županja, Mostar and Kragujevac. In Kragujevac, he studied locksmithing and mastered the basics of electrical wiring, carpentry and bookbinding.[2] He joined the labour movement in 1937, but he was arrested in 1939 and sentenced to a year in prison. He joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1940.
Filipović was commander of the Partisans' Tamnavsko-Kolubarski unit in Valjevo (modern-day Serbia) by 1941. He was captured on 24 February 1942 by Axis forces and hanged in Valjevo by Serbian State Guard unit[3] on 27 May 1942, aged 26. As the rope was put around his neck, Filipović defiantly thrust his hands out and shouted "Smrt fašizmu, sloboda narodu!" which translates as "Death to fascism, freedom to the people!". He urged the Yugoslav people to resist and implored them to never cease resisting. At this moment, a photograph was taken which has since become famous, and from which a statue of Filipović was cast.[4][5]
Filipović was declared a National Hero of Yugoslavia on 14 December 1949.[6] The town of Valjevo has a statue dedicated to him, "Stevan Filipović". A monument was also erected in his home town of Opuzen in 1968, but was demolished in 1991.[1] During the war his two brothers Nikola and Šimun Filipović also died.
References
- ^ a b https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/najpoznatiji-hrvat-u-unu-njegova-slika-stoji-na-samom-ulazu-a-hrvatske-vlasti-ga-se-stide/971978.aspx
- ^ http://www.starosajmiste.info/blog/stjepan-filipovic-heroj-radnicke-i-antifasisticke-borbe-70-godina-od-smrti/
- ^ Istvan Deak; Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II p. 159; Routledge, 2013, ISBN 0813347890.
- ^ A Concise History of Bosnia, Cathie Carmichael, Cambridge University Press, 2015 ISBN 1107016150, 9781107016156 page 86
- ^ Sinclair, Upton; Sagarin, Edward; Teichner, Albert; Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest, p. 438; L. Stuart, 1963.
- ^ Burns, Richard; The Blue Butterfly: Selected Writings p. 144; Salt, 2006, ISBN 1-84471-258-3.
External links
- Narodni heroji Jugoslavije, Mladost, Belgrade, 1975.
- 1916 births
- 1942 deaths
- People from Opuzen
- People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia
- Yugoslav Partisans members
- 20th-century Croatian people
- Croatian communists
- Executed Croatian people
- Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero
- Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
- People executed by Nazi Germany by hanging
- Croatian people executed by Nazi Germany
- Yugoslav people executed by Nazi Germany
- People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph