User:Quake1234/sandbox4: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 18: Line 18:
}}
}}
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = The collapsed Cardiff Apartment in Table Town, Daru, where 11 people died
| caption = Collapsed buildings in Table Town, Daru
| map2 = <!-- file name only -->
| map2 = <!-- file name only -->
| map_alt =
| map_alt =

Revision as of 20:01, 28 April 2024

2024 Daru earthquake
Collapsed buildings in Table Town, Daru
Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
200km
124miles
Epicenter of the mainshock
UTC time2024-04-28 22:52:04
Local date29 April 2024
Local time08:52
Magnitude6.2 Ms
6.3 Mww
Depth19 km (12 mi)
Epicenter9°08′53″S 143°14′17″E / 9.148°S 143.238°E / -9.148; 143.238
TypeIntraplate
Areas affectedNew Guinea Prefecture, Papua
Max. intensityMMI VIII–IX
Aftershocks80 ≥Mw 4.0
Largest: Mw 5.6
Casualties542 dead, 4,098 injured, 284 missing

A Ms 6.2 or Mw 6.3 earthquake struck 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Daru, Fly River Province, Papua on 28 April 2024 at 22:52 UTC (08:52 PGT on 29 April).[1] Poor building construction and high population densities led to a very high number of casualties for the magnitude of the quake, with 542 dead and nearly 4,100 injured.[2] It is the deadliest earthquake in Papua since 2022.[3]

Tectonic setting

The primary tectonic feature of the 1,200 km (750 mi) island chain is the New Hebrides Subduction Zone, the convergent boundary of the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. Along the Wadati–Benioff zone, earthquake activity has been observed as shallow, intermediate, and deep-focus events at depths of up to 700 km (430 mi). Volcanic activity is also present along this north-northwest trending and northeast-dipping oceanic trench.[4]

While much of the island arc experiences intermediate-depth earthquakes along a Wadati–Benioff zone that dips steeply at 70°, the area adjacent to the d'Entrecasteaux Ridge does not. There is a corresponding gap in seismicity that occurs below 50 km (31 mi) where it intrudes into the subduction zone from the west. According to the NUVEL-1 global relative plate motion model, convergence is occurring at roughly 8 cm (3.1 in) per year. The uncertainty, which also affects the Tonga arc, is due to the influence of spreading at the North Fiji Basin.[5]

Earthquake

The United States Geological Survey reported a moment magnitude of 6.3 and focal depth of 11 km (6.8 mi) for the earthquake, making it the largest earthquake in Fly Province since 2018 and the largest ever recorded within 50 km (31 mi) of Daru.[6] The focal mechanism of the mainshock corresponded to shallow strike-slip faulting along an north-northeast or south-southwest trending plane.[7]

Intensity

While the USGS reported a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), the PGA recorded an intensity of MMI VII-VIII in the Daru area, the highest seismic intensity ever recorded in the city; 46% of the city's 5,800 seismic sensors recorded MMI VIII, while 50% recorded MMI VII and 4% MMI VI.[8] Outside Daru, few towns recorded strong shaking as most of Fly Province is sparsely populated.[9]

Notable locations with a seismic intensity of MMI V and higher[10]
Intensity Province Location(s) Population exposure
MMI VIII Fly Daru 2,476k
MMI VII Fly 2,384k
MMI VI Fly Oriomo, Kiwai 557k
MMI V Fly Gogodala, Morehead 983k

Impact

Destroyed houses in Dorogari, Daru

Daru

In Daru, 542 people died, including 150 children;[11] most of the deaths were caused by collapsing houses.[12] A further 4,086 people were injured, 284 were missing and 61,000 others were displaced.[13] Many students were killed and dozens more were injured by falling debris at their schools.[14] At least 22,241 houses and 343 buildings collapsed while 33,989 structures were damaged in the city.[15] Power outages affected more than 766,000 homes, of which 90% were restored by May 2.[16] The PGA said the extent of damage to homes and buildings was still being assessed,[17] but described the damage as "massive".[18] A shopping mall collapsed.[19][20] Two government office buildings, 31 schools, three hospitals, 13 offices, 124 religious buildings and a boarding school were damaged.[21][22] On Bristow Island, the epicenter's location, 10 people were killed by a coastal landslide and 243 others were missing.[23]

Elsewhere

At least 681 homes, six schools and 10 churches were damaged in Kiwai. No deaths were recorded but 11 people were injured and 232 residents were displaced.[24] In Gogodala, two schools and 89 houses were damaged, and one person was injured.[25] In Morehead, 78 homes and two schools were damaged.[26]

Aftermath

Turkish rescue workers evaluating a street in Daru; two collapsed buildings can be seen in the background

Electricity was cut from Daru to prevent further power outages.[27] The injured were hospitalized in four hospitals across Daru.[28] Due to the large number of injured arriving at Daru Provincial Hospital, a field hospital was constructed in the parking space.[29]

Survivors in Daru constructed makeshift tents in the open space or their yards, mostly in rural suburbs of the city. On 30 April, a survivor said they were still self-dependent because no assistance have been given.[30] For fear of aftershocks, residents did not return to their homes. In the suburb of Dorogari, 150 residents spent the night under a pavilion. Others slept along roadsides or in public fields and parks.[31] Food was still unavailable on the morning of 30 April.[32]

On 30 April, the PGA established 2,000 large tents in Daru.[33] Ready-to-eat food items and a public kitchen was also supplied.[34] Thirty five personnel including five health professionals from Port Moresby International Hospital visited the affected area. The base also supplied food, medicine, kitchen appliances and logistics.[35] President James Marape announced that 9,000 members of the Papua Defence Force would be deployed to Fly Province to assist in disaster relief efforts.[36] Aid offers from India, Australia and the United States were accepted by the Papuan government.[37]

According to [Marape, buildings and houses that were destroyed or badly damaged will be reconstructed with earthquake-resistant guidelines;[38] houses that suffered minor to moderate damage are expected to be repaired instead.[39]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ref
  2. ^ Ref
  3. ^ Ref
  4. ^ Ref
  5. ^ Ref
  6. ^ Ref
  7. ^ Ref
  8. ^ Ref
  9. ^ Ref
  10. ^ Ref
  11. ^ Ref
  12. ^ Ref
  13. ^ Ref
  14. ^ Ref
  15. ^ Ref
  16. ^ Ref
  17. ^ Ref
  18. ^ Ref
  19. ^ Ref
  20. ^ Ref
  21. ^ Ref
  22. ^ Ref
  23. ^ Ref
  24. ^ Ref
  25. ^ Ref
  26. ^ Ref
  27. ^ Ref
  28. ^ Ref
  29. ^ Ref
  30. ^ Ref
  31. ^ Ref
  32. ^ Ref
  33. ^ Ref
  34. ^ Ref
  35. ^ Ref
  36. ^ Ref
  37. ^ Ref
  38. ^ Ref
  39. ^ Ref
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quake1234/sandbox4&oldid=1221250707"