Éveline Garnier
Éveline Garnier | |
|---|---|
| Born | Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier May 6, 1904 |
| Died | October 22, 1989 (aged 85) |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Librarian |
| Known for | French Resistance |
| Partner | Andrée Jacob |
Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier (6 May 1904 - 22 October 1989) was a significant figure in the Noyautage des administrations publiques, which aimed at infiltrating the French collaborationalist Vichy Government during the Second World War. She used her job as a librarian as cover for her work in the French Resistance alongside her partner Andrée Jacob, Henri Frenay and Claude Bourdet.[1]
Early life and family
[edit]Éveline Geneviève Anna Garnier was born on 6 May 1904 in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.[2] Her mother was Jeanne Julie Gabrielle (née Maritain) (1875-1955)[3] and her father was Charles Marie Georges Garnier (1869-1956), professor of English literature and language at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, Inspector General of Public Education and a writer.[4] Her maternal grandmother, Geneviève Maritain (née Favre) (1855-1943), was a feminist and pacifist, the daughter of philosopher and educator Julie Favre and statesman and lawyer Jules Favre. Her maternal uncle was the philosopher Jacques Maritain, who converted from Protestantism to Catholicism in 1906[5] and later designated her as his principal legatee.[6]
Her parents, both Protestants, divorced shortly before the First World War.[7]
Éveline Garnier was the partner of another member of the French Resistance, Andrée Jacob, whom she met in the Christian circles around her uncle Jacques Maritain.[8][9]
Resistance work in the Second World War
[edit]Garnier was active in the French Resistance during the Second World War. Her codename was Anne.[10]
She worked in close collaboration with Claude Bourdet within the Combat movement, working across intelligence, recruitment, organisation, and direct action. She also worked with Father Foussard, within the Comet Line, which rescued and repatriated Allied airmen that were shot down on French soil.[6][10]
Garnier became deputy secretary general of the Noyautage des administrations publiques (NAP) network in September 1943, working with her partner Andrée Jacob, (code name Danielle). From March 1944 Garnier was head of the NAP network.[10] She also helped to save Jews by making false papers for them.
After the Liberation of France, she and Andrée Jacob joined the ministère des Anciens combattants de la Résistance et des Déportés (Ministry of Veterans of the Resistance and Deportees).[6]
Personal life
[edit]Garnier and Andrée Jacob were in a relationship for over fifty years.[9]
Éveline Garnier died on 22 October 1989 as a result of a cardiovascular disease at the Sainte-Périne hospital in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.[2]
Commendations
[edit]- Médaille de la Résistance française (1945)
- Croix de guerre 1939-1945 avec palme (1946)
- Chevalière de la Légion d'honneur (1946)
Commemoration
[edit]On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Liberation of Paris, the Allee Éveline-Garnier and the Allee Andrée-Jacob were inaugurated in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris on 29 August 2019.[11][12][13]
Publications
[edit]- Éveline Garnier, «Contraste de New York ou ce que M. Herriot n'aura pas vu», Esprit: revue internationale, Paris, 1933
- Éveline Garnier, «Souvenirs sur mon oncle», Cahiers Jacques Maritain, Paris, vol. 2
References
[edit]- ^ "Dossiers administratifs des Résistantes et Résistants" (PDF).
- ^ a b Archives de Paris, État civil de Paris en ligne : Paris 16e, acte de naissance, No. 532.
- ^ Guy Caplat. GARNIER (Charles-Marie, Georges) (note biographique). Publications de l'Institut national de recherche pédagogique Année 1997 13 p. 285-288.
- ^ "Charles Marie Georges Garnier". Site de la BNF.
- ^ Crane, Richard Francis (2011). ""Heart-Rending Ambivalence": Jacques Maritain and the Complexity of Postwar Catholic Philosemitism". Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations. 6 (1). doi:10.6017/scjr.v6i1.1820. ISSN 1930-3777.
- ^ a b c texte, Cercle d'études Jacques et Raïssa Maritain Auteur du (1990). "Cahiers Jacques Maritain". Gallica (in French).
- ^ texte, L'Amitié Charles Péguy Auteur du (1962). "Feuillets mensuels / L'Amitié Charles Péguy". Gallica (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-24..
- ^ "Marie-Jo Bonnet raconte les résistantes oubliées".
- ^ a b "À Paris, les voies de la Résistance". Le Monde.fr. 2019-09-19. Retrieved 2020-07-06..
- ^ a b c Degliame-Fouché, Marcel; Noguères, Henri (1972-01-01). Histoire de la Résistance en France de 1940 à 1945 (3). (Robert Laffont) réédition numérique FeniXX. p. 764. ISBN 978-2-221-23604-8. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
- ^ "Des places et des rues en hommage aux militants LGBTQI+". www.paris.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-24.
- ^ Besnard, Anne V. (2019-06-05). "25 lieux parisiens inaugurés en hommage à des personnalités et événements LGBTQI ou friendly". Association STOP HOMOPHOBIE | Information - Prévention - Aide aux victimes (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-24.
- ^ Bonnet, Marie-Jo. "Inauguration des allées Andrée Jacob et Éveline Garnier square Louvois, Paris 2e". La page de Marie-Jo Bonnet (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-24.
