İsmail Zühdi Efendi
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İsmail Zühdi Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: اسماعيل زهدى Modern Turkish: Hattat İsmail Zühdü Efendi, also known as Yeni İsmail Zühdi) (d. 1806) was an Ottoman calligrapher. “Efendi” is a title of nobility, so this name can also be rendered İsmail Zühdi.
Life and career
İsmail Zühdi was born in Unye on the Black Sea. His father, Mehmed Kaptan, took him to Istanbul at a young age to learn the Q'ran.[1] He is also known as Yeni İsmail Zühdi or İsmail Zühdi, he second to distinguish him from another calligrapher by the same name who liveed in an earlier period.[2]
İsmail Zühdi had a much younger brother, Mustafa Râkim, who also became a calligrapher.[3] When his brother was still quite young, their father, took the boy to Istanbul to live with İsmail and study calligraphy with him. By that time, İsmail had been appointed as an instructor of calligraphy at the Imperial Palace, which is where the young Râkim received his formal training, studying under his brother.[4]
Ismail Zuhdi wrote the in a very firm and masterful way.[5] The two brothers, Ismail Zuhidi and Mustafa Râkim, went on to develop their own style of calligraphy based on the work of Hâfiz Osman. They were able to develop a style of celi sülüs that was aesthetically pleasing, something that other calligraphers had not been able to do. His younger brother,Râkim also perfected the tughra and also went on to perfect other scripts, becoming İsmail Zühdi's most celebrated pupil.[6]
Some forty Qrans copied by him have survived. He also left many writing boards, ki'tas and murakkahs. The inscriptions of the mausoleum of Châh-Sultane, at the Deftèrdâr of Eyyoub, are by him as is the inscription placed above the door of this same mausoleum is from Mouçtafa 'Izzèt Yasâri. He died in 1221/1806 and was buried outside the gate of Adrianople, in the neighborhood of Emir-Bokhari. His brother wrote his epitph.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Uğur Derman, M., Letters in Gold: Ottoman Calligraphy from the Sakıp Sabancı Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998 , p. 96
- ^ Uğur Derman, M., "İsmail Zühdi, Yeni", [Biography], Islam Encyclopedia, Online:
- ^ Mülayim, Selçuk and Akşit, İlhan. Turkish Art and Architecture in Anatolia & Mimar Sinan, p. 260 (Akşit, 2005).
- ^ Uğur Derman, M., Letters in Gold: Ottoman Calligraphy from the Sakıp Sabancı Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998, pp 96-98
- ^ Huart, C., Les Calligraphes et les Miniaturistes de l'Orient Musulman 1972, p. 188 Digital copy (in French)
- ^ Uğur Derman, M., Letters in Gold: Ottoman Calligraphy from the Sakıp Sabancı Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998 , p. 19
- ^ Huart, C., Les Calligraphes et les Miniaturistes de l'Orient Musulman, 1972, p. 188, Digital copy (in French)