Škoda 7 cm guns
Škoda 7 cm G. L/18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Škoda 7 cm G. L/26 K15 BAK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Škoda 7 cm L/30 K09 BAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Škoda 7 cm SFK L/42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Škoda 7 cm SFK L/45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Škoda 7 cm G. L/45 BAG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Škoda 7 cm guns were a family of naval guns and dual-purpose guns of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that were developed and produced for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the years before and during World War I. These guns were actually 66 mm, but the classification system for artillery rounded up to the next highest centimeter.[1] Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire the ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy were divided among the victorious allies and some guns continued to be used until World War II.
Construction
The Škoda 7 cm guns were developed and built at the Pilsen works between 1892 through 1918. The barrel was made of steel with a horizontal sliding-wedge breech, they used fixed quick fire ammunition and most ranged in length between 26 and 45 calibers. There was a single hydraulic recoil cylinder beneath the barrel and most were aimed by shoulder pads. The G. L/18 was a landing gun which could be taken ashore to provide support for a landing party. Initially these guns were deployed as anti-torpedo boat guns and had an elevation of -10° to +20°. Škoda engineers later developed anti-aircraft mounts which could elevate from -10° to +90°, but the ballistic performance for the guns remained the same.[1]
Acronyms associated with these guns include:
- SFK = Schnell-Feuer Kanone or quick firing cannon.
- TAG = Torpedoboot-Abwehr Geschütz or anti-torpedo boat gun.
- BAG = Ballon-Abwehr Geschütz or anti-balloon gun.
- BAK = Ballon-Abwehr Kanone or anti-balloon cannon.
History
The Škoda 7 cm were mounted aboard Coastal defense ships, Destroyers, Minelayers, Monitors, Pre-dreadnought battleships, Protected cruisers and Submarines of the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
Coastal defense ships:
- Monarch-class - SMS Monarch had one G. L/45 BAG gun after a 1917 refit. While SMS Wien and SMS Budapest each had one Škoda 7 cm K16 for anti-aircraft defense after a 1917 refit.[2]
Destroyers:
- Huszár-class - The fourteen ships of this class had a primary armament of one SFK L/45 gun on a low angle mount. Later all ships received five L/30 K09 BAG guns on dual-purpose mounts after 1912-13 refits.[3] One of these ships Ulan was ceded to Greece after World War I and was renamed Smyrni.[4]
- Tátra-class - The six ships of this class had a secondary armament of six SFK L/45 guns on low angle mounts. Two of these guns were replaced with dual-purpose G. L/45 BAG guns after 1916-18 refits.[5] Four ships of this class Tatra, Csepel, Orjen and Balaton were ceded to Italy after World War I where they were called the Fasana-class.[6]
- SMS Warasdiner - This ship had a primary armament of two SFK L/45 guns on low angle mounts and four dual-purpose L/30 K09 BAG guns. Warasdiner was ceded to Italy after World War I.[7]
Minelayers:
- MT.130-class - The eight ships of this class had a primary armament of one dual-purpose L/30 K09 BAG gun. After World War I three of the unfinished ships were ceded to Italy and called the Albona-class, while five unfinished ships were ceded to Yugoslavia and called the Malinska-class. After the defeat of Yugoslavia in World War II five ships were seized by Italy and called the Arbe-class.[8]
Monitors:
- Enns-class - The two ships of this class had a tertiary armament of two G. L/26 K16 BAK guns.[9] SMS Inn was ceded to Romania after World War I and was renamed Besarabia.[10] SMS Enns was ceded Yugoslavia and renamed Drava.[11]
- Sava-class - The two ships of this class had a tertiary armament of two G. L/26 K16 BAK guns.[12] Both ships were ceded to Yugoslavia after World War I and SMS Temes (II) was renamed Vardar,[13] while SMS Sava ceded to Romania and renamed Bucovina.[14]
- Körös-class - The two ships of this class had a secondary armament of two SFK L/42 guns.[15] SMS Körös was ceded to Yugoslavia after World War I and renamed Morava.[16]
- Leitha-class - One ship of this class the SMS Leitha received a SFK L/42 gun after a 1915 refit.[17]
Pre-dreadnought battleships:
- Erzherzog Karl-class - The three ships of this class had twelve SFK L/45 guns for anti-torpedo boat defense. Each ship received two G. L/45 BAG guns for anti-aircraft defense after 1916 refits.[18]
- Habsburg-class - The three ships of this class had ten SFK L/45 guns for anti-torpedo boat defense. Each ship received two G. L/45 BAG guns for anti-aircraft defense after 1916-17 refits.[19]
Protected cruisers:
- Kaiser Franz Joseph I-class - The two ships of this class were armed with two G. L/18 landing guns.
- Panther-class - The two ships of this class the SMS Panther and SMS Leopard received four SFK L/42 guns after 1909-10 refits.[20]
Submarines:
- U3-class - One ship of this class U-4 received one G. L/26 K15 BAK gun after a 1917 refit.[21]
- U20-class - Four ships of this class U-20, U-21, U-22 and U-23 received one G. L/26 K15 BAK gun.[22]
Torpedo boats:
- T-group - The eight ships of this group had a primary armament of two SFK L/45 or two L/30 K09 BAG guns.[23] Four were ceded to Romania and renamed Sborul, Vartejul, Viforul and Vijelia.[24] Four were ceded to Yugoslavia after World War I where they were named T1, T2, T3 and T4.[25] Following the defeat of Yugoslavia in World War II these ships were seized by Germany and Italy [26]
- F-group - The sixteen ships of this group had a primary armament two L/30 K09 BAG guns.[27] These were ceded to Greece, Portugal, Romania and Yugoslavia after World War I. Greece received Panormos, Pergamos and Proussa.[28] Portugal received Zêzere, Ave, Cávado, Sado, Liz and Mondego.[29] Romania received Năluca, Smeul and Fulgerul.[30] Yugoslavia received T5, T6, T7 and T8.
- M-group - The three ships of this group had a primary armament two L/30 K09 BAG guns.[31] The ships of this group were ceded to Greece and renamed Kydonia, Kios and Kyzikos.
Torpedo cruisers:
- Zara-class - The three ships of this class were armed with two SFK L/45 guns after 1917 refits.[32]
Ammunition
Ammunition was of fixed QF type. A complete round measured 66 x 575R[33] and the projectile weighed between 4–5.3 kg (8.8–11.7 lb).
Ammunition types:
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
- Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891: French equivalent
- Škoda 7 cm K10 and K16: Skoda successors to the TAG/BAG/BAK line
Users
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval weapons of World War One. S. Yorkshire: Seaforth Pub. ISBN 1848321007. OCLC 751804655.
- ^ "MONARCH coast defence ships (1898) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
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(help) - ^ "HUSZÁR destroyers (1905-1909) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "Smyrni destroyer (1906/1919) - Hellenic Navy (Greece)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "TÁTRA destroyers (1913-1914) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "Fasana (1913 - 1914 / 1920) and Grado (1917 - 1918 / 1920) destroyers - Regia Marina (Italy)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "WARASDINER destroyer (1914) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "Malinska minelayers-minesweepers (1931) - Yugoslavian Navy (Yugoslavia)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "ENNS river monitors (1914-1915) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
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(help) - ^ "Basarabia river monitor (1915/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
- ^ "Drava river monitor (1914/1918) - Yugoslavian Navy (Yugoslavia)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
- ^ "SAVA river monitors (1915) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
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(help) - ^ "Soca river monitors (1915/1918-1919) - Yugoslavian Navy (Yugoslavia)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "Bucovina river monitor (1915/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "KÖRÖS river monitors (1892) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "Morava river monitor (1892/1918) - Yugoslavian Navy (Yugoslavia)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "LEITHA river monitors (1871) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "ERZHERZOG KARL battleships (1906-1907) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "HABSBURG battleships (1902-1904) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "PANTHER protected cruisers (1885-1886) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "U3 submarines (1909) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "U20 submarines (1916-1917) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "TB 74T torpedo boats (1914) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "Viforul torpedo boats (1914/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "T1 torpedo boats (1914/1919) - Yugoslavian Navy (Yugoslavia)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "T1 (1914 / 1941) and T5 (1915 - 1916 / 1941) torpedo boats - Regia Marina (Italy)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "TB 82F torpedo boats (1915-1916) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "Panormos torpedo boats (1916/1920) - Hellenic Navy (Greece)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "Zezere torpedo boats (19143-1915/1920) - Portuguese Navy (Portugal)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "Naluca torpedo boats (1916/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ^ "TB 98M torpedo boats (1915-1916) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "ZARA torpedo ships (1880-1881) - K-u-K Marine (Austro-Hungarian Navy) (Austria-Hungary)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
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(help) - ^ "48-57 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-07-22.
References
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 1848321007.