Copaene

Copaene
	; (−)-α-Copaene
	; (−)-β-Copaene
Names
	IUPAC name α: (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
Identifiers
CAS Number	3856-25-5 (α) ; 317819-78-6 (β) ;
3D model (JSmol)	(α): Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:10221 (α); CHEBI:64799 (β);
ChemSpider	10231594 (α) ;
EC Number	223-364-4;
PubChem CID	70678558 (α); 57339298 (β);
UNII	0V56HXQ8N5 (α) ; FDX76373XC (β) ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-9(2)11-7-8-15(4)12-6-5-10(3)14(15)13(11)12/h5,9,11-14H,6-8H2,1-4H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15+/m0/s1 Key: VLXDPFLIRFYIME-BTFPBAQTSA-N ; (α): InChI=1/C15H24/c1-9(2)11-7-8-15(4)12-6-5-10(3)14(15)13(11)12/h5,9,11-14H,6-8H2,1-4H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15+/m0/s1 Key: VLXDPFLIRFYIME-BTFPBAQTBX;
	SMILES (α): CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]3(C)[C@@H]2C(/C)=C\C[C@H]3[C@H]12;
Properties
Chemical formula	C15H24
Molar mass	204.357 g·mol−1
Density	0.939 g/mL
Boiling point	124 °C (255 °F; 397 K) (15 mmHg)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Copaene, or more precisely, α-copaene, is the common (or trivial) chemical name of an oily liquid hydrocarbon that is found in a number of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the resin-producing tropical copaiba tree, Copaifera langsdorffii, from which the compound was first isolated in 1914. Its structure, including the chirality, was determined in 1963.^[1] The double-bond isomer with an exocyclic-methylene group, β-copaene, was first reported in 1967.^[2]

Chemically, the copaenes are tricyclic sesquiterpenes. The molecules are chiral, and the α-copaene enantiomer most commonly found in higher plants exhibits a negative optical rotation of about −6°. The rare (+)-α-copaene is also found in small amounts in some plants. (+)-α-copaene is of economic significance because it is strongly attracting to an agricultural pest, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata.^[3]

References

^ V.H. Kapadia; Nagasampagi, B.A.; Naik, V.G.; Dev, Sukh; et al. (1963). "Structure of mustakone and copaene". Tetrahedron Letters. 4 (28): 1933. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90945-1.
^ L. Westfelt; Westfelt, Lars; Sky, K.; Nilsson, Åke; Theorell, H.; Blinc, R.; Paušak, S.; Ehrenberg, L.; Dumanović, J. (1967). "Beta-Copaene and beta-Ylangene, Minor Sesquiterpenes of the Wood of Pinus silvestris L. And of Swedish Sulphate Turpentine". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 21: 152. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0152.
^ R. Nishida; Shelly, Todd E.; Whittier, Timothy S.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.; et al. (2000). "α-Copaene, A Potential Rendezvous Cue for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata?". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 26: 87. doi:10.1023/A:1005489411397. S2CID 44000579.

[1] V.H. Kapadia; Nagasampagi, B.A.; Naik, V.G.; Dev, Sukh; et al. (1963). "Structure of mustakone and copaene". Tetrahedron Letters. 4 (28): 1933. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90945-1.

[2] L. Westfelt; Westfelt, Lars; Sky, K.; Nilsson, Åke; Theorell, H.; Blinc, R.; Paušak, S.; Ehrenberg, L.; Dumanović, J. (1967). "Beta-Copaene and beta-Ylangene, Minor Sesquiterpenes of the Wood of Pinus silvestris L. And of Swedish Sulphate Turpentine". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 21: 152. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0152.

[3] R. Nishida; Shelly, Todd E.; Whittier, Timothy S.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.; et al. (2000). "α-Copaene, A Potential Rendezvous Cue for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata?". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 26: 87. doi:10.1023/A:1005489411397. S2CID 44000579.

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