2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Brazil
2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Brazil | |
---|---|
![]() Confirmed cases by state. | |
Disease | Mpox |
Virus strain | Monkeypox virus (West African clade) |
Location | Brazil |
Index case | São Paulo, Brazil |
Date | 20 May 2022 – ongoing (2 years, 2 months, and 29 days) |
Confirmed cases | 5,525 (as of 10 September 2022) |
Suspected cases‡ | 6 |
Deaths | 2 |
Government website | |
(Brazil) | |
‡Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out. |
The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Brazil is a part of the ongoing outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak was first reported in Brazil on 9 June 2022 when a man in São Paulo was registered as the country's index case.[1]
Background
[edit]Mpox (/ˈɛmpɒks/, EM-poks; formerly known as monkeypox)[2] is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals.[3] Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.[3] The illness is usually mild, and most of infected individuals recover within a few weeks without treatment.[4] The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty-one days, and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks.[5] However, cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women, or people with suppressed immune systems.[6]
The disease is caused by Orthopoxvirus monkeypox, formerly "monkeypox virus",[7] a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is also in this genus.[3] Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin or body fluids, including sexual contact.[3] People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed.[6] The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or via bites or scratches.[6] Diagnosis can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing a lesion for the virus's DNA.[3]Transmission
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Stages_of_monkeypox_lesion_development.jpg/220px-Stages_of_monkeypox_lesion_development.jpg)
A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where mpox is normally found, such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as central and western Africa. It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa.[14]
In addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum lining. CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes.[15]
Timeline
[edit]Three suspected mpox cases were reported in Brazil on 30 May 2022.[16] On 9 June, a 41-year-old man, who had recently travelled to Spain and Portugal and had been admitted to a São Paulo hospital, tested positive for the virus.[1]
On 29 July, the first death was reported outside of Endemic african countries[17] and the country's first mpox cases in children were confirmed in three kids from São Paulo city.[18]
Statistics
[edit]Cumulative cases
[edit]Total confirmed cases
[edit]![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Total confirmed Deaths
[edit]![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See also
[edit]- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
- Timeline of the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Asia
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Canada
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Peru
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in South Africa
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States
- Mpox in Nigeria
- Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Man in Sao Paulo hospital with Brazil's first monkeypox case -officials". Reuters. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ "WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease" (Press release). World Health Organization (WHO). 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ "Monkeypox". GOV.UK. 24 May 2022. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ^ "Mpox Symptoms". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ a b c "Mpox (monkeypox)". World Health Organization. 12 May 2023. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ "Orthopoxvirus monkeypox". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries". World Health Organization. 21 May 2022. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "So, Have You Heard About Monkeypox?". The Atlantic. 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Monkeypox cases confirmed in England – latest updates". GOV.UK. 6 September 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Monkeypox – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". World Health Organization. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ "2022 Mpox Outbreak Global Map | Mpox | Poxvirus | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Sample, Ian (2 November 2023). "Mpox circulated for five years before global explosion in 2022, research finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Vargas, Ramon Antonio (7 June 2022). "US raises monkeypox alert level but says risk to public remains low". the Guardian. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "Monkeypox update: Where the outbreak stands now".
- ^ "Brazil monitors three suspected cases of monkeypox". Agência Brasil. 1 June 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ "Ministerio da saúde confirma 1 morte por variola dos macacos no brasil". G1 (in Portuguese). 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ "Varíola dos macacos: Brasil registra três primeiros casos em crianças". archive.ph. 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
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