View source for 26 Broadway

{{short description|Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox building
| name             = 26 Broadway
| image            = 26 Broadway 004.JPG
| location         = 26 [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]]<br />[[Manhattan]], New York 10004, U.S.
| start_date       = 1884<br />1921 (expansion)
| completion_date  = 1885 (original building)<br />1928 (expansion)
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| coordinates      = {{coord|40|42|20|N|74|00|47|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| architecture_firm = {{plainlist|
* [[Carrère and Hastings]]
* [[Shreve, Lamb and Blake]]}}
| main_contractor  = C. T. Wills
| owner            = [[Newmark Knight Frank]]
| floor_area       = 
| top_floor        = 
| floor_count      = 31
| embedded         = {{Infobox historic site | embed = yes
| designation1        = NYCL
| designation1_date   = May 16, 1995
| designation1_number = 1930<ref name="NYCL p. 1"/>
| designation2          = NRHP-CP
| designation2_partof   = [[Wall Street Historic District (Manhattan)|Wall Street Historic District]]
| designation2_number   = 07000063<ref name="nris_2007"/>
| designation2_date     = February 20, 2007<ref name="nris_2007"/>
}}
| references       = {{Cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115566 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127051955/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115566 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 27, 2016 |title=26 Broadway |work=[[Emporis]]}}
| building_type    = Office
| architectural_style = [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]]
| antenna_spire    = 
| roof             = {{Convert|520|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| elevator_count   = 11
}}

'''26 Broadway''', also known as the '''Standard Oil Building''' or '''Socony–Vacuum Building''', is an office building adjacent to [[Bowling Green (New York City)|Bowling Green]] in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. The 31-story, {{convert|520|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} structure was designed in the [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] style by [[Thomas Hastings (architect)|Thomas Hastings]] of [[Carrère and Hastings]], in conjunction with [[Shreve, Lamb & Blake]]. It was built in 1884–1885 as the headquarters of [[Standard Oil]], at the time one of the largest oil companies in the United States, and expanded to its current size in 1921–1928.

26 Broadway is on a pentagonal site bounded by [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] to the northwest, Bowling Green to the west, [[Beaver Street (Manhattan)|Beaver Street]] to the south, New Street to the east/southeast, and the axis of Morris Street to the north. The first sixteen stories occupy much of the lot, with several [[Setback (architecture)|setbacks]], a curved [[facade]] along Broadway, and two [[light court]]s. Above it is a twelve-story tower topped by a stepped pyramid. The ground story has a {{convert|40|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} lobby leading to three banks of elevators. The Standard Oil executive offices on the top stories included a board room on the 21st floor.

The original structure was built for Standard Oil on the former site of U.S. treasury secretary [[Alexander Hamilton]]'s house. The Standard Oil Building was expanded in 1895 and again after [[World War I]], when [[Walter C. Teagle]] bought four neighboring buildings to create a continuous lot. The building was greatly expanded in a multi-phase construction project during the 1920s. 26 Broadway was sold to another owner in 1956 but remained a prominent structure on Bowling Green. In 1995, the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] designated 26 Broadway as an official city landmark. It is also a contributing property to the [[Wall Street Historic District (Manhattan)|Wall Street Historic District]], a [[National Register of Historic Places]] district created in 2007.

== Site ==
The Standard Oil Building is at 26 Broadway in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. It is bounded by [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] to the northwest and west (along [[Bowling Green (New York City)|Bowling Green]]), [[Beaver Street (Manhattan)|Beaver Street]] to the south, and New Street to the east and southeast.<ref name="ZoLa">{{Cite web|title=26 Broadway, 10004|url=https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/22/13#15.96/40.70546/-74.010038|access-date=2021-01-01|publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]]|archive-date=May 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504190008/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/22/13#15.96/40.70546/-74.010038|url-status=live}}</ref> It occupies the physical lots of 10-30 Broadway, 1-11 Beaver Street, and 73-81 New Street.<ref name="NYCL p. 1">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995|ps=.|p=1}}</ref> The building has a [[land lot]] with an area of {{convert|46,055|ft2}}.<ref name="ZoLa"/> The site has a [[frontage]] of about {{Convert|278|ft}} along Broadway,<ref name="ZoLa" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 102">{{harvnb|Hewitt|2006|ps=.|p=102}}</ref> {{Convert|160|ft}} along Beaver Street, and {{Convert|204|ft}} along New Street.<ref name="Hewitt p. 102" />

Nearby buildings include [[2 Broadway]] to the south; [[1 Broadway]] and the [[Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House]] to the southwest; and the ''[[Charging Bull]]'' sculpture, [[Bowling Green Offices Building]], and the [[Cunard Building (New York City)|Cunard Building (25 Broadway)]] to the west. In addition, [[70 Broad Street]] is one block southeast.<ref name="ZoLa"/><ref name="aia5">{{cite aia5|page=12}}</ref> The [[New York City Subway]]'s [[Whitehall Street station]] (served by the {{NYCS trains|Broadway south day}}) and [[Bowling Green station]] (served by the {{NYCS trains|Lexington south}}) are both less than a block south.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.mta.info/document/2461|title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: Bowling Green (4)(5)|date=2018|website=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|mta.info]]|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129194947/https://new.mta.info/document/2461|archive-date=January 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Standard Oil Building was one of several corporate headquarters to be constructed at the southern end of Broadway during the early 20th century.<ref name="Abramson p. 8">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=8}}</ref>

== Architecture==
The building was designed by [[Thomas Hastings (architect)|Thomas Hastings]] of [[Carrère and Hastings]], in conjunction with [[Shreve, Lamb & Blake]], in the [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] style.<ref name="NYCL p. 1" /><ref name="aia5" /><ref name="Abramson p. 96">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=96}}</ref> It was the only skyscraper that Carrère and Hastings designed in Lower Manhattan.<ref name="Abramson p. 39">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=39}}</ref> [[Richmond Shreve]] of Shreve, Lamb & Blake oversaw the construction of the building's expansion and was tasked with solving logistical issues; however, not much is known about the tasks performed by [[William F. Lamb]] and Theodore Blake.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /> The structure is {{convert|520|ft|m}} tall,<ref name=":2" /><ref name="AB p. 65">{{harvnb|Architecture and Building|1925|ps=.|p=65}}</ref><ref name="Stichweh2009">{{cite book |last=Stichweh |first=Dirk |title=New York Skyscrapers |publisher=[[Prestel Publishing]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-3-7913-8226-5 |page=22 |oclc=923852487}}</ref> and it is cited as containing either 31<ref name=":2">{{cite web|publisher=Emporis|title=26 Broadway|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115566/26-broadway-new-york-city-ny-usa|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130180424/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115566/26-broadway-new-york-city-ny-usa|archive-date=January 30, 2020|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="Stichweh2009" /> or 34 stories.<ref name="Hewitt p. 102" /> The building was erected by [[general contractor]] C. T. Wills Inc. and structural steel contractor Post & McCord. Numerous other contractors and engineers were involved in the building's construction.<ref name="AB p. 66"/>

=== Form ===
[[File:26 Broadway, Manhattan.jpg|left|thumb|upright|The top of 26 Broadway's tower section contains a finial and kerosene cauldron.]]
The building has a complex [[massing]]. Its lower portion occupies the entire pentagonal lot, following the curving contour of Broadway at that point, while its tower is aligned with the grid to which [[Lower Manhattan]]'s other skyscrapers conform.<ref name="aia5" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Stichweh2009" /><ref name="Abramson p. 67">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=67}}</ref> A deep [[lightwell|light court]] measuring {{Convert|45|by|85|ft}} cuts through the center of the Beaver Street facade; an interior light court measuring {{Convert|25|by|90|ft}} is also present on the northern side of the building.<ref name="AB p. 65" /> The Beaver Street light court was the last section to be constructed due to the presence of a [[Holdout (real estate)|holdout lot]] occupied by [[Childs Restaurants]].<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 107" />

The original Standard Oil Building, a 15- or 16-story building initially faced in brick, still exists at the base of the modern skyscraper.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /> The interior floors of the annex portions were designed so that they were at the same level as the floors in the original building.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43567505/|title='26 Broadway', Standard Oil Headquarters, Is To Be World's Largest Business Office|date=March 6, 1921|work=New-York Tribune|access-date=February 2, 2020|page=38|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014324/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43567505/26-broadway-standard-oil/|url-status=live}}</ref> The newer floors are carried by [[truss]]es over the original structure, rather than resting on the older building's walls.<ref name="Chambers p. 288">{{harvnb|Chambers|1922|ps=.|page=288}}</ref> In total, the base of the building is 16 stories.<ref name="NYCL p. 4">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995|ps=.|p=4}}</ref>

26 Broadway features numerous [[Setback (architecture)|setbacks]] on its facade, as mandated by the [[1916 Zoning Resolution]]. The lowest such setback is at the 10th floor on the New and Beaver Streets sides, and another setback exists on all side above the 16th floor, where the building's base transitions into the tower.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /><ref name="Herald-HQ-1931" />  The tower section of 26 Broadway contains an additional 13 stories above the northern edge of the expanded base, above which is a stepped triple-height pyramid.<ref name="aia5" /><ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> Two other setbacks exist above the 18th and 22nd floors of the tower.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /><ref name="Herald-HQ-1931" /> The setbacks give the tower a dimension of {{Convert|82|by|142|ft}} at the 17th and 18th stories, tapering to {{Convert|80|ft}} square above the 22nd story.<ref name="AB p. 65" />

=== Facade ===
The modern building's [[facade]] is primarily composed of [[Buff (colour)|buff]]-colored [[Indiana Limestone]], covering the tower and much of the base. The limestone facade at the lowest four stories is [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]].<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 107">{{harvnb|Hewitt|2006|ps=.|p=107}}</ref> The original building's facade was made of red brick and granite, making it appear as though the original section was separate from the expanded structure.<ref name="NYCL p. 5">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995|ps=.|p=5}}</ref> Part of this facade is visible from New Street, but the Broadway facade was totally replaced with limestone.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Herald-HQ-1931">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43568514/|title=New Standard Oil Home Will Dominate View From Bay|date=March 6, 1921|work=New York Herald|access-date=February 2, 2020|page=69|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014325/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43568514/new-standard-oil-home-will-dominate/|url-status=live}}</ref> A small portion of the original building's southern facade is still visible but was given a limestone overlay.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" />

==== Base ====
[[File:Bowling Green td (2018-12-13) 06 - 26 Broadway, Charging Bull (cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|Main arched entrance]]The Broadway facade slopes slightly downward to the south: at the northern part of the building, the ground level is at the same height as the building's second floor.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> It is designed so the first and fourth floors have rows of openings, while the second and third floors have some large arched windows.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 107" /> The main entrance is near the middle of the curved Broadway facade; it consists of a recessed double-height arch, with elaborately carved [[spandrel]]s at its top. Double-height arched windows are on either side of the main entrance arch. There are also two secondary entrances at 24 and 28 Broadway, respectively to the south and north of the main arch; these entrances are within doorways topped by [[pediment]]s and clocks. The former was historically an entrance to retail space, while the latter provides access to the original building.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> In the southern section of the Broadway facade, as well as on the wings facing Beaver Street, the arched windows are flanked by smaller windows.<ref name="Hewitt p. 107" />

On Beaver Street to the south, the ground level is at the same elevation as the first floor and contains storefronts. The Beaver Street facade is divided into three sections. The center section only reaches to the third floor and contains a [[cornice]] above projecting vertical [[pilaster]]s, while the taller outer sections contain double-height arched windows between smaller window openings.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> On New Street, the facade is divided into two sections: the northern section is made of brick and granite, and the southern section is made of limestone.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" />

Above the base, the Broadway facade rises as a twelve-story wall resembling a cliff; it is interrupted only by a setback from the Beaver Street side, where there is an intermediate cornice. The bays around each corner and around the center arch has [[quoin]]s from the fourth to the 12th stories. The 13th story is designed as an intermediate cornice, while the 14th through 16th stories (the top three floors of the base) are designed as a [[colonnade]].<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 107" /> There are minor differences in decoration related to when each part of the facade was built. The 14th through 16th stories have shallow pilasters on the newer northern portion of the Broadway facade, while the older southern portion has engaged [[Ionic order|Ionic]] columns.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" />

==== Tower ====
The tower section of the building rises 13<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> or 14 stories from the base.<ref name="Hewitt p. 107" /> The 22nd-story setback has obelisks at each corner. The three highest stories of the tower are surrounded by a colonnade with Ionic columns.<ref name="Stichweh2009" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 107" /> The tower is topped by a [[ziggurat]]-style pyramid<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /><ref name="Abramson p. 67" /> that was inspired by the [[Mausoleum at Halicarnassus]].<ref name="aia5" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Abramson p. 67" /><ref name="Hewitt pp. 107-108">{{harvnb|Hewitt|2006|ps=.|pp=107&ndash;108}}</ref> The pyramid was added when the building was expanded in the 1920s, with its [[finial]] rising {{Convert|480|ft||abbr=}} above ground level.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /> It serves not only as a steam vent but also as an allusion to the Greek god [[Hephaestus]].<ref name="Hewitt pp. 107-108" /> The pyramid contains a cauldron that initially was lit by four [[kerosene]] lamps;<ref name="nyt-1929-03-10">{{Cite news |last=Andrews |first=F. Emerson |date=1929-03-10 |title=New York Roofs Hold a Life of Their Own; on a Skyscraper Roof Sports on a Church-Top. The Roofs of Times Square. The Roof and the Radio. Theatres in the Open. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/03/10/archives/new-york-roofs-hold-a-life-of-their-own-on-a-skyscraper-roof-sports.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> this signified the fact that Standard Oil's founders, the [[Rockefeller family]], made their first profits from kerosene. The cauldron's light was extinguished after 1956.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pollak|first=Michael|date=May 16, 2004|title=F.y.i.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/16/nyregion/fyi-596256.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131181800/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/16/nyregion/fyi-596256.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Foundation ===
The modern building was constructed in several phases around the preexisting buildings. The buildings were occupied by numerous tenants, who were allowed to temporarily stay in place due to the dearth of office space in Lower Manhattan in the 1920s.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283">{{harvnb|Chambers|1922|ps=.|pages=282–283}}</ref><ref name="nyt19220115">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/01/15/archives/rockefellers-tower-standard-oils-skyscraper-to-be-landmark-in-city.html|title=Rockefeller's Tower; Standard Oil's Skyscraper to Be Landmark in City Sky Line|date=January 15, 1922|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 4, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204032808/https://www.nytimes.com/1922/01/15/archives/rockefellers-tower-standard-oils-skyscraper-to-be-landmark-in-city.html|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The structures included the Welles Building at 14-20 Broadway, at the modern building site's western boundary; the [[New York Produce Exchange]] at Broadway and Beaver Street, on the site's southwest corner; the Lisbon Building at Beaver and New Streets, at the site's southeast corner; and a five-story Childs Restaurants location in the middle of the block on Beaver Street, on the southern boundary.<ref group="lower-alpha">A diagram of the site is shown in {{harvnb|Chambers|1922|ps=.|p=283}}</ref> The original Standard Oil structure was on the northern boundary of the site.<ref name="nyt19220115" /><ref>{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995|ps=.|pp=5–6}}</ref>

Further complicating work was the presence of [[quicksand]] some {{convert|15|to|18|ft}} below ground, underneath which was a [[hardpan]] of clay, gravel, and boulders.<ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283" /> Tide water ranged from {{Convert|12|to|37|ft}} beneath the ground, under which was another layer of shale and earth {{Convert|15|to|20|ft}} deep; the underlying bedrock was under the shale and earth.<ref name="Hewitt p. 104">{{harvnb|Hewitt|2006|ps=.|p=104}}</ref> The Welles Building and the original Standard Oil Building contained thick footings that went into the quicksand, though only a few of the footings reached the hardpan.<ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283" /> Thus, the water had to be pumped out of the site before the superstructure was built.<ref name="Hewitt pp 104-107">{{harvnb|Hewitt|2006|ps=.|pp=104&ndash;107}}</ref> The new footings were built using a [[Caisson (engineering)|caisson]] method.<ref name="AB p. 65" /> A [[cofferdam]] wall was built underneath part of the expanded site, extending down to the [[bedrock]] at the deepest level.<ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283" /> A complex system of [[underpinning]] was then undertaken so that the existing buildings would not collapse while excavation and construction of the foundation was ongoing.<ref name="AB p. 65" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 107" /><ref name="Chambers pp. 284-285">{{harvnb|Chambers|1922|ps=.|pages=284–285}}</ref> The building contains a basement {{Convert|10|ft||abbr=}} deep, as well as a sub-basement {{Convert|37|ft||abbr=}} deep, the latter of which contains all of 26 Broadway's mechanical equipment.<ref name="Chambers pp. 285-286">{{harvnb|Chambers|1922|ps=.|pages=285–286}}</ref>

=== Features ===

==== Lobby, elevators, and stairs ====
[[File:Standard Oil Building 196.jpg|thumb|Lobby passageway]]
The entrance hall is {{Convert|40|ft||abbr=}} high.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /><ref name="Herald-HQ-1931" /><ref name=":1">{{cite magazine |date=March 12, 1921|magazine=Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmKdqeL1I0EC&pg=PA332|publisher=C.W. Sweet & Company|volume=107|pages=331–332|number=19|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014324/https://books.google.com/books?id=gmKdqeL1I0EC&pg=PA332|url-status=live|title=New Standard Oil Building to Face Bowling Green}}</ref> It is finished with pink marble and contains pairs of Corinthian marble pilasters, carrying a marble cornice with the names of Standard Oil's cofounders. Above the cornice is a beamed ceiling and decorative panels with signs of the zodiac. In addition, the floors are clad in travertine and black marble, and the walls have bronze grilles.<ref name="Hewitt p. 108">{{harvnb|Hewitt|2006|ps=.|p=108}}</ref><ref name="AB p. 66">{{harvnb|Architecture and Building|1925|ps=.|p=66}}</ref> Lighting fixtures, doors, and gates are also made of wrought iron with bronze ornamentation.<ref name="AB p. 66" /> The use of columns, pilasters, [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]] walls, and heavy staircases and doorways was intended to create the effect of "a princely palace or merchant's mansion".<ref name="Abramson p. 142">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=142}}</ref>

Leading off the lobby are three banks of elevators: two on the south side of the main corridor, as well as a set of four elevators on the east side near New Street.<ref name="AB p. 65" /> Fifteen elevators serve only the first through 16th stories, while six serve the tower's executive offices, for a total of 21 passenger elevators.<ref name="AB p. 65" /><ref name="Hewitt p. 108" /> A set of three fire stairs also rises the height of the building. When the building was completed, each story also had its own fire alarm station and watchman's tower, as well as bronze-framed directory signs.<ref name="AB p. 66" />

==== Upper stories ====
On the lowest sixteen stories, a hallway typically leads from the elevators around the interior light court, and there is office space both around the interior light court and the exterior boundary. The tower floors have L-shaped corridors. Access to the older southern portion of the building is provided from the newer northern portion on all stories, with fire doors connecting both portions. The walls of the elevator foyers have Botticino marble paneling reaching to the ceiling, and the main hallways have {{Convert|5|ft|4=-tall|adj=mid}} marble wainscoting.<ref name="AB p. 65" /> The floors in the main foyers and corridors are designed with Tennessee marble bordered with black marble, while the white-plastered ceilings each contain a [[Molding (decorative)|molding]] with [[dentil]]s. In the side corridors, the walls are finished in hard plaster and have {{Convert|5|ft|4=-tall|adj=mid}} hollow metal moldings.<ref name="AB pp. 65-66">{{harvnb|Architecture and Building|1925|ps=.|pp=65&ndash;66}}</ref> The side corridors have hollow-metal trim and doors with mahogany finishes, as well as gray-and-buff flooring strips.<ref name="AB p. 66" />

The executive stories contained oak-paneled offices, as well as reception rooms and meeting rooms.<ref name="Hewitt p. 108" /> These spaces were designed by the firm of [[Clinton & Russell]], Holton & George.<ref name="Abramson p. 35">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=35}}</ref>  The 17th story had space for an executive dining room, with space for nearly 200 people, and an adjoining kitchen. The dining space had tile floors and {{Convert|7|ft|4=-tall|adj=mid}} tile wainscoting; white-enamel screens and enclosures; and a refrigerator with an ice machine.<ref name="AB p. 66" /> The 21st floor housed Standard Oil successor [[Socony]]'s board room, which overlooked Broadway.<ref name="AB p. 66" /><ref name="nyt19911222" /><ref name="Abramson p. 123">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=123}}</ref> The boardroom covered {{Convert|2000|ft2||abbr=}} and contained a double-height ceiling with relief panels; a limestone [[fireplace]]; and oak [[Panelling|wainscoting]].<ref name="AB p. 66" /><ref name="nyt19911222">{{Cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=December 22, 1991|title=Commercial Property: Unusual Spaces; An Oak Board Room, Anyone?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/realestate/commercial-property-unusual-spaces-an-oak-board-room-anyone.html|url-status=live|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204153041/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/realestate/commercial-property-unusual-spaces-an-oak-board-room-anyone.html|archive-date=February 4, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The oak panels on the ceiling beams, and the stone on the walls, were attached to the skyscraper's steel frame.<ref name="Abramson p. 127">{{harvnb|Abramson|2001|ps=.|p=127}}</ref> Next to it was an anteroom with carved oak pilasters, frieze, and moldings, as well as a plaster ceiling and Kato stone wall.<ref name="AB p. 66" /> Private offices extended south and east of the 21st-story boardroom and had walnut walls, plaster ceilings, Siena marble fireplaces, and cork floors covered with carpets.<ref name="AB p. 66" /> The 23rd floor contained [[Squash (sport)|squash]] courts with adjoining locker and shower rooms.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /><ref name="Herald-HQ-1931" /><ref name=":1" />

== History ==
The site of the Standard Oil Building was occupied by Dutch houses after the colony of [[New Amsterdam]] was founded in the 17th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/iconographyofma_02stok#page/220/mode/2up|title=The iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909|last=Phelps Stokes|first=I.N.|date=1916|volume=2|pages=220–222|access-date=January 28, 2020|via=Internet Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401225255/http://archive.org/stream/iconographyofma_02stok#page/220/mode/2up|archive-date=April 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 18th century, 26 Broadway was the home address of [[Alexander Hamilton]], his wife [[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton]], and their family.<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-25-02-0198#ARHN-01-25-02-0198-fn-0002-ptr From Alexander Hamilton to Philip Schuyler, 22 March 1801] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825230453/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-25-02-0198#ARHN-01-25-02-0198-fn-0002-ptr |date=August 25, 2017 }}. ''Founders Online''. retrieved December 1, 2016.</ref> Hamilton occupied the house after resigning his position as [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z5eL5SGjEoC&pg=PT557|title=Alexander Hamilton|last=Chernow|first=R.|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|year=2005|isbn=978-1-101-20085-8|page=557|language=sv|access-date=January 31, 2020|archive-date=September 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916100221/https://books.google.com/books?id=4z5eL5SGjEoC&pg=PT557|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 1786 directory, rum was also sold from the address in the late 18th century.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1910/10/09/archives/sold-rum-at-26-broadway-that-was-in-1786-old-directory-found-by-los.html|title=Sold Rum at 26 Broadway; That Was In 1786|date=October 9, 1910|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131222921/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/10/09/archives/sold-rum-at-26-broadway-that-was-in-1786-old-directory-found-by-los.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Starting in the early 19th century, when New York City became a nationally prominent commercial hub, many firms chose to build their headquarters in Lower Manhattan, renting the unused space to subsidiaries or other companies. Corporations sought addresses in the Financial District as status symbols. Furthermore, many companies built their original headquarters in the 19th century and replaced these with larger structures in the early 20th century.<ref name="NYCL p. 2">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995|ps=.|p=2}}</ref>

=== Initial structure ===
[[File:Bowling Green NYC Feb 2020 70.jpg|thumb|alt=The brick facade of the original structure, next to the limestone facade of the expanded building|The brick facade of the original structure (right) can still be seen on New Street, next to the limestone facade of the expanded building (left).]]

[[Standard Oil]] Trust moved its headquarters to New York City from [[Cleveland, Ohio]], in 1870.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> By 1884, the company had acquired lots at 24-28 Broadway near Bowling Green, and had started erecting a headquarters building at the site.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1884/04/03/archives/standard-oil-company-building.html|title=Standard Oil Company Building.|date=April 3, 1884|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131181756/https://www.nytimes.com/1884/04/03/archives/standard-oil-company-building.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Standard Oil Building, opened in 1885, was designed by architect [[Francis H. Kimball]] as a nine-story, {{convert|86|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} building that extended between [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] to the west and New Street to the east.<ref name="Hewitt p. 102" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="LC 1996" /> It was designed by Ebenezer L. Roberts with a [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] granite facade, and had a flat roof above the ninth floor, as well as a central bay that rose an additional story.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="LC 1996">{{cite nysky|pages=133–134}}</ref>

Initially, all of Standard Oil's 40 operations were controlled from 26 Broadway.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> So important was the building's role, ''The New York Times'' said that "Twenty-six Broadway was once to oil what [[White House|1600 Pennsylvania Avenue]] is to politics."<ref name="nyt19911222" /> In 1895, six stories were added and a {{convert|27|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} annex was erected on 26 Broadway's north side; the extension was designed by [[Kimball & Thompson]] and continued the original Renaissance Revival design.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="nyt19210306">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/03/06/archives/standard-oil-company-preparing-to-erect-twentyseven-story-structure.html|title=Standard Oil Company Preparing to Erect Twenty-seven Story Structure on Broadway|date=March 6, 1921|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203030927/https://www.nytimes.com/1921/03/06/archives/standard-oil-company-preparing-to-erect-twentyseven-story-structure.html|archive-date=February 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Brown|first=Charles R.|title=Engineering Problems of the Tall Building|journal=Engineering Magazine|volume=13|via=Internet Archive|date=1897|url=https://archive.org/stream/factoryindustria13newy/factoryindustria13newy_djvu.txt|page=413}}</ref> A sixteenth floor was added by 1910.<ref name="LC 1996" /> A photograph that year showed that 26 Broadway was flanked by other buildings and was 16 stories high.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bothsidesofbroad00dele|title=Both sides of Broadway, from Bowling Green to Central Park, New York City.|last=De Leeuw|first=Rudolph M.|date=1910|publisher=De Leeuw Riehl publishing company|others=Columbia University Libraries|pages=42|oclc=7536624|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326064934/https://archive.org/details/bothsidesofbroad00dele|archive-date=March 26, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The structure measured {{Convert|117|ft}} along Broadway and {{Convert|100|ft}} along New Street with a depth of {{Convert|203|ft}}.<ref name="Hewitt p. 108" />

By 1890, Standard Oil had controlled 88 percent of the refined oil flows in the United States. In an attempt to avoid public scrutiny, in 1899 Standard Oil was reorganized as the [[Standard Oil Company of New Jersey]], a [[holding company]] based at 26 Broadway.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power]]|author=Yergin|first=Daniel|date=1991|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=0-671-50248-4|location=New York|pages=96–98|author-link=Daniel Yergin}}</ref> This did not resolve the monopoly concerns: ''The New York Times'' in 1906 said that "every cent of [Standard Oil's subsidiaries] made found its way to 26 Broadway".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1906/12/19/archives/standard-oil-secrets-wrung-from-witnesses-the-trust-agreements.html|title=Standard Oil Secrets Wrung From Witnesses; The Trust Agreements Shown by Attorney General Hadley|date=December 19, 1906|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131222916/https://www.nytimes.com/1906/12/19/archives/standard-oil-secrets-wrung-from-witnesses-the-trust-agreements.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> When ''[[Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States]]'' was decided in May 1911, Standard Oil was required to be broken up into several smaller firms.<ref>{{ussc|221|1|1911|name=Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States}}</ref> As a result of the decision, several subdivisions were forced to move, including Tenant Corn Refining Products Company<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/29/archives/leaving-26-broadway-corn-products-company-leases-two-whole-floors.html|title=Leaving 26 Broadway; Corn Products Company Leases Two Whole Floors in Battery Place.|date=November 29, 1911|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131225000/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/29/archives/leaving-26-broadway-corn-products-company-leases-two-whole-floors.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[U.S. Steel]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/24/archives/send-oil-trust-men-back-to-the-wilds-no-shelter-at-26-broadway-for.html|title=Send Oil Trust Men Back to the Wilds; No Shelter at 26 Broadway for Employes of the Divorced Subsidiaries.|date=November 24, 1911|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131224959/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/24/archives/send-oil-trust-men-back-to-the-wilds-no-shelter-at-26-broadway-for.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> By December 1911, half of the company's divisions were still housed at 26 Broadway.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43372959/|title=Half of Standard Oil Business Still Managed at 26 Broadway|date=December 2, 1911|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=January 31, 2020|page=5|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014325/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43372959/half-of-standard-oil-business-still/|url-status=live}}</ref> The building ultimately served as the headquarters of the Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony, later [[Mobil]]) once the split was completed.<ref name="aia5" />

=== Expansion ===
After [[World War I]], Standard Oil president [[Walter C. Teagle]] decided to greatly expand the structure by buying the neighboring buildings on the block.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> At the time, the area around Bowling Green was quickly developing into a shipping center within Lower Manhattan.<ref name="nyt19210306" /> Planning for an expansion began in 1918.<ref name="Hewitt p. 102" /> To the north of the original Standard Oil Building was the 17-story Hudson Building, followed by a 21-story office building at 36-42 Broadway. Socony was reported to have purchased the latter in February 1920, paying $6 million and beating out two other bidders for the property.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/02/22/archives/6000000-sale-on-lower-broadway-twentyonestory-structure-adjoining.html|title=$6,000,000 Sale on Lower Broadway; Twenty-one-Story Structure Adjoining Standard Oil Property Sold by Realty Company|date=February 22, 1920|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2020|url-status=live|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203030929/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/02/22/archives/6000000-sale-on-lower-broadway-twentyonestory-structure-adjoining.html|archive-date=February 3, 2020}}</ref> The next month, the company acquired or leased all four structures that stood between the existing building and Beaver Street to the south.<ref name="Hewitt p. 102" /><ref name="NYT-More-1920">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/03/21/archives/standard-oil-gets-more-of-broadway-new-york-corporation-acquires.html|title=Standard Oil Gets More of Broadway; New York Corporation Acquires All Frontage Between Its Building and Beaver Street|date=March 21, 1920|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203030927/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/03/21/archives/standard-oil-gets-more-of-broadway-new-york-corporation-acquires.html|archive-date=February 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', the brokers valued the $30 million transaction as "probably the largest real estate transaction ever closed in the city".<ref name="NYT-More-1920" /> After the acquisitions were complete, Socony had a total frontage of {{Convert|500|ft||abbr=}} facing Broadway,<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> not all of which were to be part of the headquarters' expansion.<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /> This frontage was truncated soon after, as Socony sold the Arcade at 44-50 Broadway in March 1920.<ref name="nyt19200325">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/03/25/archives/standard-oil-sells-arcade-at-2500000-norman-s-riensenfeld-closes.html|title=Standard Oil Sells Arcade at $2,500,000; Norman S. Riensenfeld Closes Contracts for 4-Story Building at 44 to 50 Broadway|date=March 25, 1920|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203152120/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/03/25/archives/standard-oil-sells-arcade-at-2500000-norman-s-riensenfeld-closes.html|archive-date=February 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|The Arcade, built in 1915, was located on the site of the [[Tower Building (New York City)|Tower Building]]—possibly the city's first skyscraper<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/05/realestate/streetscapes-the-tower-building-the-idea-that-led-to-new-york-s-first-skyscraper.html|title=Streetscapes/The Tower Building;The Idea That Led to New York's First Skyscraper|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=May 5, 1996|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203152120/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/05/realestate/streetscapes-the-tower-building-the-idea-that-led-to-new-york-s-first-skyscraper.html|archive-date=February 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>—as well as two other structures.<ref name="nyt19200325" />}}

[[File:26 Broadway 00.jpg|thumb|26 Broadway around 1930|alt=]]

In August 1920, [[Carrère and Hastings]] filed plans with the [[New York City Department of Buildings]] for enlarging 26 Broadway to 24 stories, plus a three-story pyramidal roof.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/08/27/archives/a-preliminary-plan-data-recorded-for-big-standard-oil-company.html|title=A Preliminary Plan; Data Recorded for Big Standard Oil Company Project.|date=August 27, 1920|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203030930/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/08/27/archives/a-preliminary-plan-data-recorded-for-big-standard-oil-company.html|archive-date=February 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hewitt p. 104" /> The firm had previously conducted several commissions for several Socony partners.<ref name="Hewitt p. 102" /> [[Thomas Hastings (architect)|Thomas Hastings]]—the only living partner of Carrère and Hastings, who had helped design the Cunard Building across the street—was chosen as lead architect.<ref name="Stern 1987">{{cite New York 1930|pages=539–540}}</ref><ref name="NYCL p. 3"/> [[Shreve, Lamb & Harmon|Shreve, Lamb & Blake]] were named as the associated architects.<ref name="NYCL p. 3">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995|ps=.|p=3}}</ref> Further details of 26 Broadway's major expansion were publicly announced in March 1921. The building was to cost $5 million and rise {{Convert|480|ft||abbr=}}, covering a lot of {{Convert|40,000|ft2||abbr=}}, with a total floor area of {{Convert|500,000|ft2||abbr=}}, thus becoming one of Lower Manhattan's "largest structures".<ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /><ref name="Herald-HQ-1931" /><ref name="nyt19210306" /> The project included replacement of the old building's Broadway facade.<ref name="Stern 1987"/><ref name="Tribune-HQ-1921" /> The initial plans called for a small pavilion to be built atop the existing 16 stories.<ref name="Stern 1987"/>

Construction was complicated by the Childs Restaurants location's decision to hold out until its lease expired; the difficulty of evicting the four buildings' occupants; and a dearth of available office space in the neighborhood.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> As a result, the expansion was undertaken in four phases,<ref name="Stern 1987"/><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283" /><ref name="nyt19210306" /> and the plans were changed in 1921 to allow for a light court around the location of the restaurant, rather than a bulky base as first projected.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="nyt19220115" /><ref name="Stern 1987" /> The headquarters was also built with provisions for internal partitions so the leased portions of the building could be separated if the landowners ever wanted their property back when the lease expired.<ref name="Hewitt p. 104" />

The existing buildings on the site were underpinned so that existing tenants could remain until construction started on these respective sections.<ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283" /><ref name="nyt19220115" /> Work started in 1921 at the southeastern corner of the site, at Beaver and New Streets, on the site of the Lisbon Building. The section at the southwestern corner, the former Produce Exchange Bank at Broadway and Beaver Street, began two years later.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Chambers pp. 282-283" /> Two tenants could not relocate before the construction was scheduled to start, so engineers began demolishing one building while underpinning the neighboring structure. The Welles Building on Broadway began to be demolished around 1922.<ref name="Hewitt p. 107" /> The original building's brick facade on Broadway was replaced in 1924–1925, but the facade along New Street was kept in place. The last section of the site to be built was the lot occupied by Childs Restaurants, which was not developed until 1928, after the restaurant's lease had run out.<ref name="Stern 1987" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> The Marshall Construction Company was hired to modify the building in 1929.<ref name="p1109428783">{{cite news |date=22 May 1929 |title=Standard Oil Building Changes Will Be Made by Marshall Co |page=45 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1109428783}}}}</ref>

=== 1930s to 1980s ===
26 Broadway was known as the "Rockefeller address" because the offices of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and [[John D. Rockefeller|John Sr.]] were in the building.<ref name=":0" /> [[Jo Davidson]] had sculpted a bust of the junior Rockefeller, which had been installed in the skyscraper's lobby in 1925.<ref name="p1112942058">{{cite news |date=9 Dec 1925 |title=Bust of Rockefeller Unveiled In Standard Oil Building Hall |page=1 |work=The New York Herald, New York Tribune |id={{ProQuest|1112942058}}}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1925-12-09">{{Cite news |date=1925-12-09 |title=Unveils Rockefeller Bust; Standard Oil Company Places It In Main Hall at 26 Broadway. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/12/09/archives/unveils-rockefeller-bust-standard-oil-company-places-it-in-main.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to W. Parker Chase in 1932, "many of the great firms of the nation" were headquartered at 26 Broadway.<ref name="Chase1932">{{cite book|last=Chase|first=W. Parker|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x000525067&view=1up&seq=171|title=New York, the Wonder City|publisher=New York Bound|year=1983|isbn=978-0-9608788-2-6|location=New York|page=167|oclc=9946323|orig-year=1932|access-date=April 15, 2021|archive-date=April 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416022647/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x000525067&view=1up&seq=171|url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[construction of Rockefeller Center]], the offices of both Rockefellers moved to [[30 Rockefeller Plaza]] in 1933.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/05/15/archives/rockefellers-will-quit-historic-address-at-26-broadway-move-to-5th.html|title=Rockefellers Will Quit Historic Address at 26 Broadway, Move to 5th Av. Center|date=May 15, 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131225000/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/05/15/archives/rockefellers-will-quit-historic-address-at-26-broadway-move-to-5th.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1222133459">{{cite news |date=15 May 1933 |title=Rockefellers to Quit 26 Broadway in July: Moving From Famous Standard Oil Address to New Center |page=1 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1222133459}}}}</ref> The same year, Standard Oil of New Jersey (by that time, also known phonetically as [[Esso]]) announced its intention to consolidate its operations at [[Rockefeller Center]], although it retained other offices at 26 Broadway.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/06/27/archives/standard-oil-co-to-move-uptown-will-transfer-headquarters-from-26.html|title=Standard Oil Co. To Move Uptown; Will Transfer Headquarters From 26 Broadway to the RCA Building|date=June 27, 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131224955/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/06/27/archives/standard-oil-co-to-move-uptown-will-transfer-headquarters-from-26.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1221958864">{{cite news |date=14 Aug 1933 |title=Standard Oil Of N. J. Rents In R. C. A. Tower: Will Locate in Rockefeller Center Many Departments Now at 26 Broadway |page=27 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1221958864}}}}</ref> [[National Fuel Gas]] also moved to Rockefeller Center in 1936,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/06/12/archives/fuel-gas-company-to-move-uptown-national-to-quit-26-broadway-after.html|title=Fuel Gas Company to Move Uptown; National to Quit 26 Broadway After 34 Years, Going to Rockefeller Center|date=June 12, 1936|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131225000/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/06/12/archives/fuel-gas-company-to-move-uptown-national-to-quit-26-broadway-after.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Esso moved its remaining offices to [[75 Rockefeller Plaza]] in 1946.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> 

Socony, which had merged in 1931 with [[Vacuum Oil Company|Vacuum Oil]] to form Socony-Vacuum, retained its headquarters in 26 Broadway.<ref name=":3" /> Socony-Vacuum started using coal to heat the building in 1941, conserving about 12,000 barrels of oil per year.<ref name="p131353905">{{cite news |date=20 May 1941 |title=Socony to Use Coal in Place Of Oil at Home Building |page=11 |work=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|131353905}}}}</ref><ref name="p151440757">{{cite news |date=20 May 1941 |title=Socony to Heat Offices With Coal To Conserve Oil |page=22 |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|151440757}}}}</ref> Socony-Vacuum moved some of its offices back to 26 Broadway in 1947 after Esso had vacated the space.<ref name="p1283011840">{{cite news |date=21 Sep 1947 |title=Socony-Vacuum To Free 49,000 Sq. Ft. of Space: Returning 14 Departments to 26 Broadway as Standard Quits Them |page=D1 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1283011840}}}}</ref> The structure was renamed the Socony-Vacuum Building in 1950.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/10/04/archives/old-building-renamed-26-broadway-to-be-known-as-soconyvacuum.html|title=Old Building Renamed; 26 Broadway to Be Known as Socony-Vacuum Building|date=October 4, 1950|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131225004/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/10/04/archives/old-building-renamed-26-broadway-to-be-known-as-soconyvacuum.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Socony-Vacuum moved to [[Socony–Mobil Building|150 East 42nd Street]] in 1954<ref name="p113089345">{{cite news |date=18 Jul 1954 |title=Socony-Vacuum Company Signs Leases For 553,600 Sq. Ft. In New Skyscraper |page=R1 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|113089345}}}}</ref> and placed for sale the next year.<ref name="p1325268080">{{cite news |date=10 Apr 1955 |title=Socony Oil Company To Sell 26 Broadway |page=R5 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|1325268080}}}}</ref>

The building was sold to the firm of Koeppel & Koeppel in February 1956.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/02/04/archives/26-broadway-building-sold-by-socony-mobil.html|title=26 Broadway Building Sold by Socony Mobil|date=February 4, 1956|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131224955/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/02/04/archives/26-broadway-building-sold-by-socony-mobil.html|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> By that May, two-thirds of the building's space had already been leased to tenants such as [[Anaconda Copper]] and [[First National City Bank]].<ref name="p1326980674">{{cite news |date=31 May 1956 |title=Downtown Office Space In Demand: Big Area Leased At 26 Broadway |page=A4 |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1326980674}}}}</ref> [[Standard & Poor's]] leased spaces at 25 and 26 Broadway starting in the late 1970s.<ref name="nyt19970803">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/03/realestate/downtown-is-looking-up.html|title=Downtown Is Looking Up|last=Oser|first=Alan S.|date=August 3, 1997|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 29, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129224415/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/03/realestate/downtown-is-looking-up.html|archive-date=January 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Museum of American Finance]] (MOAF) was founded in the building in 1988, initially occupying {{Convert|250|ft2||abbr=}} of space on the ground floor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amny.com/news/from-wampum-to-bloomberg-terminals/|title=From wampum to Bloomberg terminals|date=January 22, 2008|website=www.amny.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213142840/https://www.amny.com/news/from-wampum-to-bloomberg-terminals/|archive-date=February 13, 2020|access-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref>  [[Alfred J. Koeppel]]'s Independence Partners purchased the building for $16 million the following year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43576256/|title=Landlords, city should come clean|last=Gonzalez|first=Juan|date=January 12, 1996|work=New York Daily News|access-date=February 2, 2020|page=16|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014325/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43576256/landlords-city-should-come-clean/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===1990s to present===
In 1995, 26 Broadway and several other buildings on Bowling Green{{efn|Namely the exterior and first floor interior of the [[Cunard Building (New York City)|Cunard Building]]; the [[Bowling Green Offices Building]]; and the [[International Mercantile Marine Company Building]]<ref name="Dunlap 1995" />}} were formally designated as New York City landmarks.<ref name="Dunlap 1995">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/15/realestate/bringing-downtown-back-up.html|title=Bringing Downtown Back Up|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=October 15, 1995|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 4, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130173040/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/15/realestate/bringing-downtown-back-up.html|archive-date=January 30, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYCL p. 1"/> In 2007, the building was designated as a contributing property to the [[Wall Street Historic District (Manhattan)|Wall Street Historic District]],<ref>{{cite web|date=2007-02-20|title=Wall Street Historic District|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/05000988.pdf|publisher=[[National Register of Historic Places]], [[National Park Service]]|access-date=2021-02-09|pages=4–5|archive-date=February 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219214221/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/05000988.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[National Register of Historic Places]] district.<ref name="nris_2007">{{cite web|date=2007|title=National Register of Historic Places 2007 Weekly Lists|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf|access-date=July 20, 2020|publisher=National Park Service|page=65|archive-date=December 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228214611/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

S&P started leasing space at nearby [[55 Water Street]] in 1997, vacating its former quarters at 25 and 26 Broadway.<ref name="nyt19970803" /> Standard & Poor's moved out in late 1999, and the vacant space was completely filled by the following April.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43575828/|title=Sandra Bullock's speedy sale|last=Reed|first=Danielle|date=April 6, 2000|work=New York Daily News|access-date=February 2, 2020|page=36|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014326/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43575828/sandra-bullocks-speedy-sale/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ownership of the building and the underlying plots remained separate until 2007, when the [[Chetrit Group]] bought the building and two of the three lots underneath for $225 million.<ref name="Pincus 2010">{{cite web|url=https://therealdeal.com/2010/01/06/chetrit-pays-35m-to-complete-purchase-of-old-standard-oil-building-land-atat-26-broadway-in-lower-manhattan/|title=Chetrit pays $35M to complete purchase of old Standard Oil Building land|last=Pincus|first=Adam|date=January 6, 2010|website=The Real Deal New York|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022608/https://therealdeal.com/2010/01/06/chetrit-pays-35m-to-complete-purchase-of-old-standard-oil-building-land-atat-26-broadway-in-lower-manhattan/|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Chetrit bought the remaining leasehold for $34.93 million in 2010; the lease had been held by the estate of Elmer Ellsworth Smathers, who had signed a 99-year lease in 1920.<ref name="Pincus 2010" /><ref name="cre2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.crenews.com/top_stories_-_free/cantor-commercial-lends-$270mln-against-manhattans-26-broadway.html|title=Cantor Commercial Lends $270Mln Against Manhattan's 26 Broadway|date=January 12, 2015|website=Commercial Real Estate Direct|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204024109/https://www.crenews.com/top_stories_-_free/cantor-commercial-lends-$270mln-against-manhattans-26-broadway.html|archive-date=February 4, 2020|access-date=February 3, 2020}}</ref> {{As of|2019||df=}}, 26 Broadway is owned by Broadway 26 Waterview, while Chetrit Group is landlord for many of the interior spaces, and [[Newmark Group]] is the landlord's broker.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019">{{cite web|url=https://therealdeal.com/new-research/topics/property/26-broadway/|title=26 Broadway – TRD Research|date=March 13, 2019|website=The Real Deal|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022608/https://therealdeal.com/new-research/topics/property/26-broadway/|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

The subsequent years also saw the departure or closure of several tenants. The MOAF opened a gallery at the building's 24 Broadway entrance in 1992, which was moved to the 28 Broadway entrance in 1996,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moaf.org/about/history|title=History|publisher=Museum of American Finance|access-date=September 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020194959/http://www.moaf.org/about/history|archive-date=October 20, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and the entire museum finally relocated to [[48 Wall Street]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialhistory.org/NEWSEVENTS/pdf/moaf_press_release_20051128.pdf|title=Museum of American Finance Moving to Wall Street|date=November 11, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123084309/http://www.financialhistory.org/NEWSEVENTS/pdf/moaf_press_release_20051128.pdf|archive-date=November 23, 2006|access-date=November 2, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Museum of American Finance|url=http://archive.org/details/financialhistory00muse_14|title=Financial History|date=2007|others=American Numismatic Society}}</ref> The [[Sports Museum of America]] opened within the building in 2008,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandomir|first=Richard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/sports/07sandomir.html|title=An Afternoon at the (New Sports) Museum|date=May 7, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 31, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130180418/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/07/sports/07sandomir.html|archive-date=January 30, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p219210061">{{cite magazine |last=Kreinin Souccar |first=Miriam |date=12 Jan 2009 |title=Sports Museum in trouble |magazine=Crain's New York Business |volume=25 |issue=2 |page=3 |id={{ProQuest|219210061}}}}</ref> but the museum quickly went into debt because of low patronage,<ref name="p219210061" /> and it closed in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandomir|first=Richard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/21/sports/21museum.html|title=Financial Problems Close Sports Museum|date=February 20, 2009|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 13, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213141723/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/21/sports/21museum.html|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Starting in 2008, the PS 234 elementary school was supposed to have used 26 Broadway to alleviate classroom overcrowding at its main campus, but 26 Broadway was subsequently deemed "not appropriate for kindergartners" because the students would have to use elevators to reach the proposed classroom space.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beyer|first=Gregory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/nyregion/thecity/05scho.html|title=For Downtown Primary Schools, Ever Less Wiggle Room|date=October 3, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 4, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204153041/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/nyregion/thecity/05scho.html|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, [[Dowling College]] Manhattan was in the Standard Oil Building<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dowling.edu/dc-manhattan|title=Dowling College Manhattan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013135905/http://www.dowling.edu/dc-manhattan|archive-date=October 13, 2016|access-date=September 24, 2017}}</ref> until it closed in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.com/business/dowling-college-files-for-chapter-11-will-sell-its-campuses-1.12687222|title=Dowling files for Chapter 11, will sell campuses|last=Ocasio|first=Victor|date=November 30, 2016|website=Newsday|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131222922/https://www.newsday.com/business/dowling-college-files-for-chapter-11-will-sell-its-campuses-1.12687222|archive-date=January 31, 2020|access-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref>

== Tenants ==
[[File:26 Broadway.jpg|thumb|Seen from [[Whitehall Street|Whitehall]] and Beaver Streets, to the southwest. [[2 Broadway]] can be seen at right.]]

{{As of|2020||df=}}, tenants include [[Cornell University]]'s [[College of Architecture, Art, and Planning]],<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /><ref>[http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2015/04/bird-s-eye-view-nyc-architecture-art-and-planning Bird’s-eye view of NYC for Architecture, Art and Planning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118083918/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2015/04/bird-s-eye-view-nyc-architecture-art-and-planning |date=January 18, 2016 }} Cornell University Press Office; By Daniel Aloi April 9, 2015</ref> [[Olo (online ordering)|Olo]],<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0699982D:US|title=OLO|website=Bloomberg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131222915/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0699982D:US|archive-date=January 31, 2020|access-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref> [[SecondMarket]], [[SpeechCycle]], and [[JDRF]].<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /> The [[New York Film Academy]], leased the entire 12th floor in 2014.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commercialobserver.com/2014/06/new-york-film-academy-leads-leasing-at-26-broadway/|title=New York Film Academy Leads Leasing at 26 Broadway|last=Delaporte|first=Gus|date=June 18, 2014|website=Commercial Observer|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022609/https://commercialobserver.com/2014/06/new-york-film-academy-leads-leasing-at-26-broadway/|archive-date=February 4, 2020|access-date=February 4, 2020}}</ref> Other tenants include the coworking company Primary,<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rew-online.com/2018/01/health-fitness-co-working-firm-primary-adds-second-floor-fidi-office-tower/|title=Co-working firm Primary adds floor at 26 Broadway|date=January 9, 2018|website=Real Estate Weekly|access-date=February 3, 2020|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014326/https://rew-online.com/2018/01/health-fitness-co-working-firm-primary-adds-second-floor-fidi-office-tower/|url-status=live}}</ref> the law firm Schlam Stone & Dolan, and the design company Ustwo Studio.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /><ref name="cre2015" />

The largest tenant of 26 Broadway is the [[New York City Department of Education]] (NYCDOE), and the building contains numerous schools and offices administered by the NYCDOE.<ref name="Spivack 2018">{{cite web|url=https://patch.com/new-york/downtown-nyc/parents-fear-new-charter-school-disaster-waiting-happen|title=Parents Fear New Charter School Is A 'Disaster Waiting To Happen'|last=Spivack|first=Caroline|date=August 7, 2018|website=Tribeca-FiDi, NY Patch|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022607/https://patch.com/new-york/downtown-nyc/parents-fear-new-charter-school-disaster-waiting-happen|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Lower Manhattan Community School]], a middle school, serves grades 6–8.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/M896|title=Lower Manhattan Community Middle School|website=New York City Department of Education|access-date=January 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131143039/https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/M896|archive-date=January 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A second middle school, the New York City Charter School of the Arts, also serves grades 6-8<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/M263|title=New York City Charter School of the Arts|website=New York City Department of Education|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022608/https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/M263|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and moved into the building in 2018.<ref name="Spivack 2018" /> A third, the Urban Assembly School of Business for Young Women, is a high school serving grades 9–12,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/M316|title=Urban Assembly School of Business for Young Women, the|website=New York City Department of Education|access-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022606/https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/M316|archive-date=February 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> which had been founded in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/education/hometown-heroes/manhattan-school-founder-offers-girls-path-business-article-1.3348636|title=Manhattan school founder offers girls a path into business|last1=Moreno|first1=Reza|last2=Chapman|first2=Ben|date=July 23, 2017|website=New York Daily News|access-date=April 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060809/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/education/hometown-heroes/manhattan-school-founder-offers-girls-path-business-article-1.3348636|archive-date=April 25, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, the [[New York City School Construction Authority]] leases the fourth through sixth floors.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" />

== Critical reception ==
A writer for ''The New York Times'' praised the building plans in 1922, saying that the expanded building would be a "landmark in the city skyline".<ref name="nyt19220115" /> As the building was completed, architectural critics praised the design of 26 Broadway as having more emphasis on its form instead of the [[Articulation (architecture)|articulation]] of windows and other details.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Stern 1987"/> The architect C.H. Blackall, for instance, stated that the building's specialty was in its massing, with the windows and other details as "incidents".<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Blackall|first=C.H.|date=January 5, 1928|title=American Architecture Since the War|journal=American Architect|volume=113|pages=7–11}}</ref> The British architect [[Charles Herbert Reilly]] said that "the combination possible of stepped building and tower", as used in 26 Broadway, could contribute to a form "more interesting even than that of the [[Woolworth Building]]".<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Stern 1987" />

When the building was completed, [[Charles Downing Lay]] called the building "a new point of interest in [New York City's] famous skyline".<ref name="Stern 1987" /><ref name="Lay 1923">{{cite magazine|last=Lay|first=George Downing|year=1923|title=New Architecture in New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_NGAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA61|journal=The Arts|publisher=Hamilton Easter Field|volume=3-4|page=68|access-date=October 27, 2019|archive-date=May 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501014325/https://books.google.com/books?id=R_NGAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA61|url-status=live}}</ref> W. Parker Chase focused on the detail, describing the entrance as welcoming and the lobby and corridor as "plain and simple".<ref name="Chase1932" /> In a book about the work of Carrère and Hastings, Mark Hewitt wrote that 26 Broadway was "one of the supreme accomplishments of American Classicism".<ref name="Hewitt p. 108" /> Gerard Wolfe, in his 1994 book ''New York, a Guide to the Metropolis'', wrote that the building "formed an integral part of the lovely New York skyline" prior to the proliferation of post–World War II office buildings.<ref name="Wolfe 1994">{{cite book |last=Wolfe |first=Gerard R. |title=New York, a Guide to the Metropolis: Walking Tours of Architecture and History |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-07-071397-0 |page=12}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Architecture|New York City}}
* [[List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan]]
* [[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street]]

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite book |last=Abramson |first=Daniel M. |year=2001 |title=Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the Architecture of Wall Street |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |isbn=9781568982441 }}
* {{cite magazine|last=Chambers|first=Ralph W.|date=September 27, 1922|title=The New Standard Oil Building|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.d0002599165&view=1up&seq=570f|journal=American Architect|volume=122|pages=282–292|via=HathiTrust}} {{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book|last=Hewitt|first=Mark|title=Carrère & Hastings Architects|volume=1|publisher=Acanthus Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-926494-42-8|publication-place=New York|pages=102–108|oclc=69423272}}
* {{cite book|last=Ossman|first=Laurie|title=Carrère & Hastings : the masterworks|publisher=Rizzoli|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8478-3564-5|oclc=698332654|ref=none}}
* {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1930.pdf|title=Standard Oil Building|date=September 19, 1995|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|ref={{harvid|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1995}}}}
*{{cite magazine|date=August 1925|title=Standard Oil Building, New York City|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015086591925&view=1up&seq=297|journal=Architecture and Building|volume=57|issue=8|ref={{harvid|Architecture and Building|1925}}|via=HathiTrust}} {{PD-notice}}

{{Broadway (Manhattan)}}
{{New York City Historic Sites}}
{{Financial District, Manhattan|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1928 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Bowling Green (New York City)]]
[[Category:Broadway (Manhattan)]]
[[Category:Buildings of the Rockefeller family]]
[[Category:Carrère and Hastings buildings]]
[[Category:Cornell University buildings]]
[[Category:Renaissance Revival architecture in New York City]]
[[Category:Financial District, Manhattan]]
[[Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Office buildings completed in 1885]]
[[Category:Office buildings completed in 1928]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Standard Oil]]
[[Category:Historic district contributing properties in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus]]