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Yujiulü clan

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Yujiulü
Current region China
 Mongolia
Founded4th century
FounderYujiulü Mugulü
Dissolution555

The Yujiulü clan (郁久閭氏, reconstructed Middle Chinese: ʔjuk kjǝu ljwo[1]) was the ruling clan of the Rouran Khaganate, which ruled over Northern China, the Mongolian Steppe and Southern Siberia.

Origin

According to Book of Wei and History of the Northern Dynasties, the surname Yujiulü is of Donghu origin. The first known Yujiulü was a slave caught by Xianbei mounted raiders under the reign of Tuoba Liwei. The slave, whose hairline started at his eyebrows' level, was called Mùgúlǘ (木骨閭) - "bald-headed" in the Xianbei language. When grown-up, Mugulü was noted for his strength, emancipated and recruited as a cavalry soldier. For tarrying past the deadline, he was sentenced to death by beheading. But he fled to the mountains and ravines in the Gobi desert, where he gathered another 100 fugitives. The fugitives sought refuge under the Gaoche tribe called Hetulin (紇突隣). The descendants of Mugulü and his companions became the nucleus of the future Rouran Khaganate. Alexander Vovin proposes that Mùgúlǘ (木骨閭), in reconstructed Middle Chinese *muwk-kwot-ljo, transcribed Tuoba Xianbei *moqo-lo ~ muqo-lo 'bald head', which is analysable as 'one [who/]which has cut-off/fallen-off [hair]' and cognate with Mongolic lexical items like Written Mongolian moɣutur ~ moqutur 'blunt, hornless, bald tail' (cf. Chinese gloss: 禿尾 'bald tail'), moqu-ɣar, Middle Mongol muqular 'hornless', moqo-dag 'blunt'; all of those are from Proto-Mongolic *muqu 'to be cut off, break off, fall off', which in turn would produce the semantic variation 'blunt ~ hornless ~ hairless ~ bald'.[2]

Later on, his dynasty was called Yujiulü, which sounded like Mugulü.[3] Róna-Tas suggests that Yujiulü renders *ugur(i) > Uğur, a secondary form of Oğur.;[4] Peter B. Golden additionally proposes connection with Turkic uğurluğ "feasible, opportune", later "auspicious fortunate" or oğrï "thief", an etymology more suited to the dynasty's founder's activities; additionally Yujiulü may be comparable to Middle Mongolian uğuli "owl" (> Khakha ууль uul'), as personal names based on bird names are common in Mongolic.[5]

Family tree

Other members

Dissolution and legacy

Yujiulü clan lost its dominant power in steppe to Ashina tribe in 555. Surviving members of royal clan sinicized, changing their surnames to Lǘ (闾). Some of them even served Sui dynasty, such as Yujiulü Furen (d. 29 November 586).[7] Chinese author Wang Anyi wrote that her mother Ru Zhijuan might be descended from Rouran.[8]

Genetic

References

  1. ^ Golden, Peter B. (2018). "The Stateless Nomads of Central Eurasia". Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity. pp. 317–332. doi:10.1017/9781316146040.024. ISBN 9781316146040. Retrieved 2019-11-09. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Vovin, Alexander. 2007. "Once again on the Tabγač language", Mongolian Studies, XXIX: 200-202
  3. ^ Lee, Joo-Yup (2015-12-04). Qazaqlïq, or Ambitious Brigandage, and the Formation of the Qazaqs: State and Identity in Post-Mongol Central Eurasia. BRILL. p. 52. ISBN 9789004306493.
  4. ^ Róna-Tas, András. (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages : an introduction to early Hungarian history. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 210–211. ISBN 9639116483. OCLC 654357432.
  5. ^ Golden, Peter B. "Some Notes on the Avars and Rouran", in The Steppe Lands and the World beyond Them. Ed. Curta, Maleon. Iași (2013). p. 55.
  6. ^ "隋代《郁久闾伏仁墓志》考释-中国文物网-文博收藏艺术专业门户网站" [An Interpretation of the Epitaph of Yujiulü Furen]. www.wenwuchina.com. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  7. ^ "隋代《郁久闾伏仁墓志》考释-中国文物网-文博收藏艺术专业门户网站" [An Interpretation of the Epitaph of Yujiulü Furen]. www.wenwuchina.com. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  8. ^ Choy, Howard Yuen Fung (2008). Remapping the Past: Fictions of History in Deng's China, 1979 -1997. BRILL. p. 74. ISBN 9789004167049.
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