East Asian coal briquettes
Yeontan (Korean: 연탄) coal briquettes used in South Korea for cooking and home heating. Made from a mixture of lignite coal dust and a gluing agent that kept the dust particles together,[1] they were a welcome alternative to firewood and natural coal partly because they came in a consistent, stackable size and shape. There are 5 standard sizes for yeontan, and the 2nd standard is widely used in households. The 2nd standard briquette is cylindrical in shape, weighs 3.5 kg, and is about 20 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The standard yeontan has 22 holes drilled into its top to facilitate steady, efficient burning, and a household typically used one to three briquettes per day in the winter. A new yeontan would sometimes be placed atop the current one when it was halfway burned, to continuously maintain the fire.
The same fire used for cooking also served to heat the house, through a Korean radiant underfloor heating system called ondol.
History
Introduced to Korea from Japan in the 1920s, yeontan rose in popularity following the Korean War. By 1988, 78% of Korean households used yeontan, but this fell to 33% by 1993 as people switched to oil and gas boilers, and was estimated to be used by just 2% of households by 2001.[1] The boilers reduced the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, which was a major cause of death in coal-heated houses.
In recent years amid South Korea's suicide epidemic, yeontan has seen use as a method of suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning.
References
- ^ a b "At Coalface of Heating from the Korea Times". koreatimes.co.kr. Retrieved 21 December 2017.