Berhanu Bayeh
Berhanu Beyeh (born 1938) is a former Ethiopian politician. He was Foreign Minister during the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1986–1989). Prior to that, he was chairman of the Derg's committee for legal affairs.[1]
Beyeh has been a refugee resident of the Italian Embassy since May, 1991, until december 2020, when he left the Embassy.[2]
Biography
Berhanu was born in Gojjam. In 1959 he entered Harar Military Academy as a cadet, and upon graduation was posted to the airborne division in Nazret. Two years later he attended Haile Selassie University, where he studied law. In 1967 he became a lecturer at Harar Military Academy. He joined the Armed Forces Coordination Committee in 1974.[3]
As a captain, Berhanu joined the Derg as the representative of the Military Academy, where he became chairman of the legal committee, and was promoted to Major in April 1976.[4] In this new role, he toured a number of Arab countries in 1976 and stated they all supported the PMAC regime, although aid to Ethiopia from these counties ceased not long after.[5] With Atnafu Abate, he managed to avoid the infamous Derg meeting of 3 February 1977, where a number of Derg leaders, including chairman Lieutenant General Tafari Benti, were killed in an ambush orchestrated by Mengistu Haile Mariam; the Ottaways assume that he "had apparently sided with Mengistu."[4] In late February 1977, he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee.[3] At the beginning of the Ogaden War, when the Soviet Union attempted to mediate peace between Ethiopia and Somalia, Birhanu secretly met with a Somali delegation in Moscow. He led also the Ethiopian delegation that facilitated the exchange of Ethiopian and Somali prisoners of war in 1988.[6]
On 19 April 1983 Mengistu appointed him Minister of Labor and Social Affairs, and on 12 September 1984 he became a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia. On 26 October 1984, Berhanu was appointed chairman of the Aid Coordination Department of the Natural Disaster Relief Committee. He held periodic talks with Eritrean rebels that failed to accomplish much.[3] He was named foreign minister in November 1986.[7] In a cabinet reshuffle in October 1988, Berhana was appointed president of the state council after Amanuel Andemikael defected to the United States.[8]
Berhanu Bayeh currently resides in the Italian Embassy in Addis Ababa. He has obtained safe haven there after the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front army entered Addis Ababa on May 28, 1991.[9] Also fleeing there were Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, the last acting president of the Derg/PDRE regime, Hailu Yimenu, the last acting prime minister, and chief of the general staff Adis Tedla.[10]
On 2 June 2004, Tesfaye died after a brawl.[11] Prior to the brawl, Tesfaye had constantly accused Bayeh of being an enemy sympathizer, because Bayeh's wife is of Eritrean descent. The death occurred after a physical brawl with Berhanu, when Tesfaye was accidentally hurt on his head from a glass cut and bled profusely. On 2 June 2004, he was taken to Menelik II Hospital where he was pronounced dead.[10] Berhanu Bayeh had accompanied him into the Embassy 13 years earlier.[12]
Hailu committed suicide in 1991, soon after taking refuge in the embassy. Berhanu and Adis remain in the embassy to this day. Although their presence is a considerable embarrassment, the Italian government will not give them up for trial since Ethiopia still has the death penalty.[10]
References
- ^ Marina and David Ottaway, Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution (New York: Africana, 1978), p. 134 n. 10
- ^ Ethiopian war criminals able to leave Italian embassy after nearly 30 years
- ^ a b c Shinn, David H.; Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia (2nd. ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 78. ISBN 0810874571.
- ^ a b Ottaways, Empire in Revolution, p. 144
- ^ Pateman, Roy (1998). Eritrea: Even the Stones are Burning. Red Sea Press. p. 104. ISBN 1569020574.
- ^ Rene LaFort, Ethiopia: An Heretical Revolution?, translated by A.M. Berrett (London: Zed Press, 1983), p. 211
- ^ "Foreign Headlines". Joc.com. 4 November 1986. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ Shifaw, Dawit (2012). The Diary of Terror: Ethiopia 1974 to 1991. Trafford Publishing. p. 161. ISBN 1466945257.
- ^ "Languishing in an Addis embassy". BBC. 28 December 2005. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ a b c Biles, Peter (2005-12-28). "Languishing in an Addis embassy". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
- ^ Hindessa, Abdul (23 September 2013). "Keeping up with the forgotten "guests"". Ethio Media. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ Hayden, Sally (2015-10-12). "Two Convicted Ethiopian War Criminals Have Been Sheltering in an Italian Embassy for 24 Years". VICE News. Retrieved 2016-11-29.