Vertigo (gastropod)

Vertigo
	A live individual of Vertigo moulinsiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Panpulmonata; clade Eupulmonata; clade Stylommatophora; clade Orthurethra
Superfamily:	Pupilloidea
Family:	Vertiginidae
Subfamily:	Vertigininae
Tribe:	Vertiginini
Genus:	Vertigo; O. F. Müller, 1773

Vertigo is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Vertigo includes Europe, northern Asia, eastern Asia, Japan, Central and North America, Caribbean and the Bermudas.^[2]

Shell description

In this genus, the shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorls. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is semioval with 4 to 7 folds. The peristome is scarcely expanded and white-lipped.^[3]

Anatomy

Snails in the genus Vertigo have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles.

The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated.^[3]

Synonyms

Alaea Jeffreys, 1830
† Angustella Steklov, 1967 (invalid: junior homonym of Angustella Waagen, 1907 [Bivalvia])
Dexiogyra Stabile, 1864
Glacivertigo Balashov, 2016
Haplopupa Pilsbry, 1898
Helix (Isthmia) Gray, 1821 (original name)
Isthmia Gray, 1821
†Ptychalaea O. Boettger, 1889 (junior synonym)
Pupa (Isthmia) Gray, 1821
Pupa (Vertigo) O.F. Müller, 1773 (considered a separate genus)
† Ungulidenta Popova & Schileyko, 1981 (junior synonym)
Vertigo (Alaea) Jeffreys, 1830· accepted, alternate representation
Vertigo (Alloptyx) Pilsbry, 1953 (junior synonym)
Vertigo (Angustula) Sterki, 1888 (junior synonym)
Vertigo (Boreovertigo) Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018· accepted, alternate representation
Vertigo (Isthmia) Gray, 1821· accepted, alternate representation
Vertigo (Nearctula) Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate representation
† Vertigo (Ptychalaea) O. Boettger, 1889 (junior synonym)
Vertigo (Vertigo) O. F. Müller, 1773· accepted, alternate representation
Vertigo (Vertilla) Moquin-Tandon, 1856· accepted, alternate representation
Vertigo (Vertillaria) Pilsbry, 1919

Species

Apertural view of a shell of *Vertigo heldi*

Species in the genus Vertigo include:

subgenus Vertigo O. F. Müller, 1774

Vertigo alpestris Alder, 1838 – tundra vertigo
† Vertigo antipygmaea Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018
Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
Vertigo arctica (Wallenberg, 1858)
Vertigo arthuri Von Martens, 1882
Vertigo beringia Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
† Vertigo bicolumellata Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967
Vertigo bollesiana (Morse, 1865) – Delicate vertigo snail
Vertigo botanicorum Horsak & Pokryszko, 2010^[4]
† Vertigo callosa Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849
Vertigo chytryi Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
Vertigo concinnula (Roscoe and Roscoe, 1955) – Mitered vertigo^[5]
† Vertigo consteniusi Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
† Vertigo diversidens (Sandberger, 1872)
† Vertigo doliara Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
Vertigo elatior (Brooks, 1936) – tapered vertigo^[6]
Vertigo extima (Westerlund, 1877)
† Vertigo flexidens (Reuss, 1861)
Vertigo genesii (Gredler, 1856) – Round-mouthed Whorl Snail
Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
Vertigo gouldii (Binney, 1843)^[7]
† Vertigo hauchecornei Klebs, 1886
Vertigo heldi Clessin, 1877
† Vertigo interferens (Deshayes, 1863)
Vertigo kodamai Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
† Vertigo kroloppi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
† Vertigo kuenowii Klebs, 1886
Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
† Vertigo micra Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
Vertigo milium (Gould, 1840)^[7] – Blade Vertigo
† Vertigo milleri Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
† Vertigo minor O. Boettger, 1870
Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824) – cross vertigo
† Vertigo moedlingensis Wenz & Edlauer, 1942
Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) – Desmoulin's whorl snail
† Vertigo mystica (Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2015)
Vertigo nangaparbatensis Pokryszko & Hlaváč, 2009
Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)
† Vertigo nouleti Michaud, 1862
Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909
† Vertigo ocsensis (Halaváts, 1903)
† Vertigo oecsensis (Halaváts, 1903)
Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890
Vertigo ovata (Say, 1822)^[7] – ovate vertigo
† Vertigo ovatula (Sandberger, 1875)
† Vertigo pageti Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
† Vertigo palangula (De Boissy, 1848)
† Vertigo paradoxa Sterki in Pilsbry, 1900
† Vertigo praecoquis Russell, 1956
† Vertigo protracta (Sandberger, 1875)
Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954^[8]
Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774 – type species
Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) – crested vertigo
Vertigo ronnebyensis (Westerlund, 1871)
Vertigo shimochii Kuroda & Amano, 1960
Vertigo sieversi (O. Boettger, 1879)
Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
Vertigo superstriata Pokryszko & Auffenberg, 2009
† Vertigo tembrockae Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
† Vertigo trolli Wenz in K. Fischer & Wenz, 1914
† Vertigo tuchoricensis Pilsbry in Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1919
Vertigo ventricosa (E. S. Morse, 1865)
† Vertigo vracevicensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2017
† Vertigo whitei Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992

subgenus Vertilla Moquin-Tandon, 1856

Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 – Narrow-mouthed Whorl Snail

subgenus ?

Vertigo alabamensis G. Clapp, 1915 – Alabama Vertigo
Vertigo conecuhensis G. Clapp, 1915
Vertigo cubana Crosse, 1890^[7]
Vertigo eogea
- Vertigo eogea stagnalis
Vertigo hachijoensis
Vertigo hebardi Vanetta, 1912
Vertigo hirasei
Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934
Vertigo japonica
Vertigo kushiroensis
Vertigo meramecensis Van Devender, 1979
Vertigo neglecta Arango in Poey, 1856^[7]
Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1890 – Palmetto Vertigo
Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890 – Capital Vertigo
Vertigo occulta Vanetta, 1912
Vertigo parcedentata (Braun, 1847)
Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890 – Striate Vertigo
Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961 – Swamp Vertigo
Vertigo torrei Aguayo & Jaume, 1934^[7]
Vertigo ultimathule Proschwitz, 2007^[9]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from reference.^[3]

^ Müller O. F. 1773. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Voluminis Imi pars Ima. pp. [1–33], 1–135. Havniæ & Lipsiæ. (Heineck & Faber).
^ "Genus summary for Vertigo"]. AnimalBase, last modified 30 January 2010, accessed 2 October 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Baker F. C. (25 April) 1902. The Mollusca of the Chicago Area. Part II. Gastropoda. Bulletin No. III. of the Natural History Survey, The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 418 pp. 33 plates, page 240-241.
^ Horsak, M. & Pokryszko, B. M. "Vertigo botanicorum sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)–a new whorl-snail from the Russian Altai Mountains." Zootaxa 2634 (2010): 57–62.
^ "Vertigo concinnula". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
^ "Vertigo elatior". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Mollusca" Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.
^ (in German) Ložek V. (1964). Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. – Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického, Praha, 31: 374 pp., pp. 204–205.
^ Proschwitz T. von (2007). "Vertigo ultimathule n. sp., a new whorl-snail from northernmost Sweden (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)". Heldia 5(3): 73–74, Taf. 9. München.

External links

[1] Müller O. F. 1773. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Voluminis Imi pars Ima. pp. [1–33], 1–135. Havniæ & Lipsiæ. (Heineck & Faber).

[2] "Genus summary for Vertigo"]. AnimalBase, last modified 30 January 2010, accessed 2 October 2010.

[Baker-3] Baker F. C. (25 April) 1902. The Mollusca of the Chicago Area. Part II. Gastropoda. Bulletin No. III. of the Natural History Survey, The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 418 pp. 33 plates, page 240-241.

[4] Horsak, M. & Pokryszko, B. M. "Vertigo botanicorum sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)–a new whorl-snail from the Russian Altai Mountains." Zootaxa 2634 (2010): 57–62.

[v-concinnula-5] "Vertigo concinnula". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.

[v-elatior-6] "Vertigo elatior". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017.

[ecosis.cu-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Mollusca" Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.

[Ložek_1964-8] (in German) Ložek V. (1964). Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. – Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického, Praha, 31: 374 pp., pp. 204–205.

[9] Proschwitz T. von (2007). "Vertigo ultimathule n. sp., a new whorl-snail from northernmost Sweden (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)". Heldia 5(3): 73–74, Taf. 9. München.

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