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Margaret Carwood

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Margaret Carwood (fl. 1567), was a maid-of-honour at the court of Mary, Queen of Scots. Her wedding to John Stewart of Fincastle was celebrated at the time of the murder of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, the Queen's consort.

Background

Margaret was an heiress of the family of Carwood of that Ilk in Lanarkshire. Her sister Janet married John Fleming of Persellands. Margaret became a lady of the Queen's chamber in May 1564.

When Mary was pregnant in Edinburgh Castle with her son James, Margaret helped draw up her will with a list of bequests of personal jewellery from her cabinet.[1]

Margaret worked with Piers Martin, the tapestry-man, in 1566 making a mat and a green canopy and coverlet for the Queen.[2] She was also the Queen's "Pantrice", in charge of the royal pantry.[3] Mary gave Margaret a black silk dress made in the Spanish fashion.[4]

Events at the end of the reign

In March 1566, according to some accounts, after the murder of Mary's Italian secretary David Rizzio, Margaret Carwood accompanied Mary, Darnley, and the servant or musician Bastian Pagez on their escape from Edinburgh to Dunbar Castle. A 17th-century history mentions that a Sebastian Broune and a lady-in-waiting rode with the party.[5]

George Buchanan wrote in his Detection that Margaret was privy to all the Queen's secrets. Buchanan's story, published to incriminate the queen, was that Mary lodged in the Exchequer House in Edinburgh rather than her Palace in September 1566. In a night-time escapade the queen and Margaret Carwood dangled another servant Margaret Beaton, Lady Reres, with a string or a belt, over the garden wall to fetch the Earl of Bothwell.[6]

After the murder of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley on 10 February 1567, during his trial the servant called French Paris (Nicolas Hubert) declared that he went the Kirk o'Field lodging on 8 February to retrieve a fur wrap of the queen's, on Margaret Carwood's orders. Margaret was attending Mary at the Kirk o'Field, waiting with the other ladies in the queen's chamber next to Darnley's bedchamber, when the ladies were suddenly called to Holyroodhouse.[7] Some histories say that Margaret married Bastian Pagez on Sunday 9 February 1567. Sources agree that Mary attended a masque or dance in honour of Bastian's marriage that night. Mary's husband, was killed at 2:00am the next morning. Margaret's wedding was celebrated at Holyroodhouse on the following day.

One of the Casket Letters, which were thought to incriminate the Queen in Darnley's murder, mentions Margaret Carwood and her previous departure from court. The letter was endorsed by its Scottish copyist, "Anentes the depesch of Margaret Carwood, quhilk was before her marriage, (proves her affection)," and by another hand that Margaret was in special trust with the Queen.[8]

Two weddings and a funeral

Although the dance on the night before the murder is often described as a celebration of the wedding of Bastian and Margaret, the historians Joseph Stevenson and William Robertson believed that Bastian married Christily Hogg on 9 February, and Margaret Carwood married John Stewart of Tulliepowrie and Fincastle, on Tuesday 11 February 1567, two days afterwards.[9] Amongst others, the biographer Antonia Fraser accepts Stevenson's view that Bastian married Christiana Hogg on that night.[10]

The Queen gave Margaret a gift of 15 ells of black velvet for her wedding on Monday 10 February.[11] Mary's participation at Margaret's wedding on the day after Darnley's murder was cause for adverse comment. The date, 11 February, was given in the list of evidence and charges against Mary supplied to Elizabeth I of England called Hay's articles, which mentions both the masque attended by the Queen for Bastian's marriage before the King's murder, and Margaret's marriage the morning after the murder. Hay's articles mention that there was no show of mourning clothes and more enquiry made after money stolen from Margaret than for Darnley's murder, and the King was buried at night without ceremony.[12]

In March 1584 John Stewart and Margaret Carwood complained to the Privy Council about their land near Dunkeld held from the estate of Dunfermline Abbey.[13] The Commendator Robert Pitcairn had offered them a new tenancy contract called a "tack", but the remaining monks refused to sign it.[14]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Joseph Robertson, Inventaires de la Royne Descosse (Edinburgh, 1863), pp. 122-3.
  2. ^ Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1970), pp. 21, 41.
  3. ^ Innes, Cosmo, ed., Registrum de Dunfermelyn, Liber Cartarum Abbatie de Dunfermelyn (Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, 1842) p. 490
  4. ^ Robertson, Joseph, ed., Inventaires de la Royne Descosse (Edinburgh, 1863), p. 66.
  5. ^ Herries, John Maxwell, Historical memoirs of the reign of Mary Queen of Scots: and a portion of the reign of King James the Sixth (Abbotsford Club, 1836), p. 78
  6. ^ Buchanan , George, Ane Detectioun of the Duinges of Marie Quene of Scottes, (1571) (Zona in the original Latin means belt): Margaret Beaton, wife of Arthur Forbes of Reres was a sister of Robert Beaton of Creich and Janet Beaton, and an aunt of the Queen's attendant Mary Beaton.
  7. ^ Pitcairn, Robert, ed., Criminal Trials in Scotland, vol. 1 part 2 (Edinburgh, 1833) pp. 502-506, "une couverture de maytres:" Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), no. 1117.
  8. ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 727 no.3, (the second endorsement perhaps following Buchanan, was said by Agnes Strickland to be in the hand of Thomas Randolph)
  9. ^ see summary in Hunter, William, Biggar and the house of Fleming, (1867), 70-71: Stevenson (1863), p.lviii, gives a reference to a 1584 contract of Margaret Carwood and John Stewart in the National Archives of Scotland manuscript Register of Deeds, RD, vol. xvii, fols. 281-282.
  10. ^ Fraser, Antonia, Mary Queen of Scots (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969), pp. 296, 307.
  11. ^ Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1970), p. 41.
  12. ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 557 no. 902.
  13. ^ Gordon Donaldson, Register of the Privy Seal: 1581-84, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), p. 265 nos. 1626.
  14. ^ David Masson, Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1578-1585, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1880), pp. 642-3.
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