Hamengkubuwono
| Hamengkubuwono | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Founded | 1755 |
| Founder | Raden Mas Sujana (Sultan Hamengkubuwono I) |
| Current head | BRM Herjuno Darpito (Sultan Hamengkubuwono X) |
| Titles | Sultan of Yogyakarta |
| Estate(s) | Sultanate of Yogyakarta |
Hamengkubuwono (also spelt Hamengkubuwana and in Dutch transcription "Hamengkoeboewono") is the current ruling royal house of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in the Special Region of Yogyakarta of Indonesia. The reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta is the hereditary Governor of the Special Region (article 18 paragraph 1c)[1] with terms of 5 years (article 25 paragraph 1) without bounded by periodic provision (article 25 paragraph 2), as normally applied to such public office.[2] The current Sultan is Hamengkubuwono X.
Honorifics
As with many significant historical and respected figures in Javanese culture, the name of a ruler is usually preceded by honorifics – in most cases the usage is of Sri Sultan before the name. In full titles the first Hamengkubuwono was titled:
"Ngarsadalem Sampeyandalem Hingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwono, Senopati Ing Ngalaga Ngabdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatulah, Hingkang Jumeneng Kaping I".
The Hamengkubuwonos is considered by Javanese as the true claimant and heir to the throne of the Second Mataram Kingdom and the vast Majapahit Empire, hence the post-Independence special privileges of self-rule solely allotted to the Hamengkubuwana keraton (palace)- not extended to the other three princedoms and fiefdoms of the Treaty of Giyanti (1755)
Meaning
For some Javanese, the name has been interpreted as having the following components:
- Hamangku: pleased to serve the people
- Hamengku: protect the people in a just way
- Hamengkoni: ready to take responsibility of a leader
- Buwono: the Javanese universe[3]
Such an explanation does not necessarily coincide with strict etymology of the word.
List of Sultans of Yogyakarta (1755–present)
This list is of ruling dates, see specific articles for birth dates.
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Note | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamengkubuwono I Bendara Raden Mas Sujono 13 February 1755 – 24 March 1792 (37 years, 41 days) |
Kartasura 6 August 1717 Son of Amangkurat IV |
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Katipaten | Yogyakarta 24 March 1792 Aged 74 years, 231 days |
[4] | ||
| Hamengkubuwono II Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro 2 April 1792 – 31 December 1810 (18 years, 274 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 7 March 1750 Son of Hamengkubuwono I |
Yogyakarta 3 January 1828 Aged 77 years, 302 days |
1st reign | [5] | |
| Hamengkubuwono III Raden Mas Surojo 31 December 1810 – 28 December 1811 (363 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 20 February 1769 Son of Hamengkubuwono II |
GKR Ageng | Yogyakarta 3 November 1814 Aged 45 years, 256 days |
1st reign | [6] |
| Hamengkubuwono II Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro 28 December 1811 – 21 June 1812 (177 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 7 March 1750 Son of Hamengkubuwono I |
Yogyakarta 3 January 1828 Aged 77 years, 302 days |
2nd reign | [5] | |
| Hamengkubuwono III Raden Mas Surojo 28 June 1812 – 3 November 1814 (2 years, 129 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 20 February 1769 Son of Hamengkubuwono II |
GKR Ageng | Yogyakarta 3 November 1814 Aged 45 years, 256 days |
2nd reign | [6] |
| Hamengkubuwono IV Raden Mas Ibnu Jarot 9 November 1814 – 6 December 1823 (9 years, 28 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 3 April 1804 Son of Hamengkubuwono III |
Yogyakarta 6 December 1823 Aged 19 years, 247 days |
[7] | ||
| Hamengkubuwono V Raden Mas Gathot Menol 19 December 1823 – 17 August 1826 (2 years, 242 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 20 January 1820 Son of Hamengkubuwono IV |
– | Yogyakarta 5 June 1855 Aged 35 years, 136 days |
1st reign | [8] |
| Hamengkubuwono II Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro 17 August 1826 – 3 January 1828 (1 year, 140 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 7 March 1750 Son of Hamengkubuwono I |
Yogyakarta 3 January 1828 Aged 77 years, 302 days |
3rd reign | [5] | |
| Hamengkubuwono V Raden Mas Gathot Menol 17 January 1828 – June 5, 1855 (27 years, 140 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 20 January 1820 Son of Hamengkubuwono IV |
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kadhaton | Yogyakarta 5 June 1855 Aged 35 years, 136 days |
2nd reign | [8] |
| Hamengkubuwono VI Raden Mas Mustojo 5 July 1855 – 20 July 1877 (22 years, 16 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 10 August 1821 Brother of Hamengkubuwono V |
GKR Kencono | Yogyakarta 20 July 1877 Aged 55 years, 344 days |
[9] | |
| Hamengkubuwono VII Raden Mas Murtejo 22 December 1877 – 29 January 1921 (43 years, 39 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 4 February 1839 Son of Hamengkubuwono VI |
69 children |
Yogyakarta 30 December 1831 Aged 92 years, 329 days |
[10] | |
| Hamengkubuwono VIII Raden Mas Sujadi 8 February 1921 – 22 October 1939 (18 years, 257 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 3 March 1880 Son of Hamengkubuwono VII |
41 children |
Yogyakarta 22 October 1939 Aged 59 years, 233 days |
[11] | |
| Hamengkubuwono IX Raden Mas Dorodjatun 18 March 1940 – 2 October 1988 (48 years, 199 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 12 August 1912 Son of Hamengkubuwono VIII |
20 children |
Washington, D.C. 2 October 1988 Aged 76 years, 51 days |
Also served as Governor of Yogyakarta (1945–1988) and Vice President of Indonesia (1973–1978) | [12] |
| Hamengkubuwono X Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito 7 March 1989 – present (35 years, 291 days) |
|
Yogyakarta 2 April 1946 Son of Hamengkubuwono IX |
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas (Tatiek Drajad Supriastuti) 5 children |
Living Age 78 years, 264 days |
Also served as Governor of Yogyakarta (1998–present) | [13] |
Notes
- ^ Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. "UU No. 13 Tahun 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ^ Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. "UU No. 13 Tahun 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ^ Negoro, Suryo S. (1998). "Arts, Cultures, Rituals and other Information of Karaton Yogyakarta". Joglosemar.
- ^ "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono I". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ a b c "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono II". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ a b "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono III". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IV". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ a b "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono V". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VI". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VII". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VII". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Profile of Hamengkubuwono IX". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
See also
Further reading
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1974) Jogjakarta under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1749–1792: A history of the division of Java . London Oriental Series, vol. 30. London : Oxford University Press, (Revised Indonesian edition 2002)
- "Sultan of Yogyakarta: A feminist revolution in an ancient kingdom". BBC News. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
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