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Administration of justice

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See also: Justice

The Administration of Justice is the process by which the legal system of a government is executed. The presumed goal of such an administration is to provide justice for all those accessing the legal system. The phrase is also commonly used to describe a University degree (Bachelor of Arts in Administration of Justice), which can be a prerequisite for a job in law enforcement or government.[1]

Australia

In Attorney General for New South Wales v Love, the appellant argued that section 24 of the Act 9 Geo 4 c 83 did not have the effect applying the Nullum Tempus Act (9 Geo 3 c 16) (1768) to New South Wales. Counsel for the appellant said that Whicker v Hume[2] decided that section 24 referred not to laws generally, but only to laws as to modes of procedure, and that the Nullum Tempus Act did not deal merely with procedure. The Lord Chancellor said that the Act 9 Geo 4 c 83 prima facie "applied the Nullum Tempus Act to the Colony in question as much as if it had re-enacted it for that Colony." He then said:

Sect. 24 of that Act provides "that all the laws and statutes in force within the realm of England at the passing of this Act" (that is to say, the year 1828) "shall be applied in the administration of justice in the courts of New South Wales," and it is sought by construction to limit the words "all laws and statutes" by introducing into the section the words "having relation to procedure" or some equivalent expression. At least that is the only intelligible mode in which the argument can be supported, because the words which do occur in the section - "in the administration of justice" - would certainly include a limitation of the time within which actions can be brought, and their Lordships are of the opinion that the language of the section cannot be limited so as to exclude the statute, which for the reasons pointed out by the learned judges were and are so important in the administration of justice in the Colony.[3]

Canada

Section 92(14) of the Constitution Act, 1867, also known as the Administration of Justice power, grants the provincial legislatures of Canada the authority to legislate on:

14. The Administration of Justice in the Province, including the Constitution, Maintenance, and Organization of Provincial Courts, both of Civil and of Criminal Jurisdiction, and including Procedure in Civil Matters in those Courts.

Ontario

Section 1 of the Administration of Justice Act (RSO 1990 c A6) provides:

In this Act, "administration of justice" means the provision, maintenance and operation of,

(a) the courts of justice of the Province of Ontario,
(b) land registry offices,
(c) jails, and
(d) the offices of coroners and Crown Attorneys,

for the performance of their functions, including any functions delegated to such courts, institutions or offices or any official thereof by or under any Act; (“administration de la justice”)[4]

This provision was previously section 1 of the Administration of Justice Act (RSO 1980 c 6),[5] which was previously section 1 of Administration of Justice Act (RSO 1970 c 6),[6] which was previously section 1 of Administration of Justice Act 1968 (SO 1968 c 1) (17 Eliz 2 c 1).[7] Queen's printer copies of the Statutes of the Province of Ontario 1968 describe this provision as "new".[8] This statute replaced the Administration of Justice Expenses Act (RSO 1960 c 5).

Republic of Ireland

"Offence against the Administration of Justice" is defined by section 7 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2010.

United Kingdom

In England, the Administration of Justice is a prerogative of the Crown. It may be exercised only through duly-appointed judges and courts.[9]

The following matters and things pertain to the Administration of Justice: the organisation of the courts; the prerogative of justice, the prerogative of mercy, and any prerogative power to create new courts; nolle prosequi; the appointment, tenure and immunity of judges; the immunity of other participants in legal proceedings; contempt of court; the composition and availability of juries, any requirement that their verdict be unanimous, and the allowances they receive; the branches of the legal profession; and the provision of legal aid and advice.[10]

The Administration of Justice is an act which is normally associated with the carrying on of the business of government. When a government does that act, it is thereby exercising its sovereignty. It would accordingly be a violation of British sovereignty for a foreign government to do that act in British territory without authorisation.[11] Section 2 of the Visiting Forces Act 1952 authorises foreign service courts to exercise their jurisdiction in the United Kingdom.

There are offences against the Administration of Justice.[12][13]

For the purpose of section 54 of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, the following are Administration of Justice offences:

The offence of perverting the course of justice has been referred to as "interfering with the Administration of Justice" and/or "obstructing the Administration of Justice".[15]

Section 6(c) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 provides that nothing in the foregoing provisions of that Act restricts liability for contempt of court in respect of conduct intended to impede or prejudice the Administration of Justice.

An Arrestable offence, other than one specified in Schedule 5 to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, was serious for the purposes of that Act if it led to, or was intended or likely to lead to, amongst other things, serious interference with the Administration of Justice. An arrestable offence which consisted of making a threat was serious for the purposes of that Act if carrying out the threat would be likely to lead to, amongst other things, serious interference with the Administration of Justice.[16]

In any legal proceedings held in public, the court may, where it appears to be necessary for avoiding a substantial risk of prejudice to the Administration of Justice in those proceedings, or in any other proceedings pending or imminent, order that the publication of any report of the proceedings, or any part of the proceedings, be postponed for such period as the court thinks necessary for that purpose.[17]

Information which is not exempt information by virtue of section 30 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 is exempt information if its disclosure under that Act would, or would be likely to, prejudice the Administration of Justice.[18]

Quotes

Roscoe Pound said: "Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice is as old as the law".[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-06-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ Whicker v Hume (1858) 7 HL 124
  3. ^ Attorney General for New South Wales v Love [1898] AC 679 at 685, PC
  4. ^ Digitised copy
  5. ^ (1982) 37 Ontario Reports 246
  6. ^ (1995) Ontario Reports 387 and 389
  7. ^ Ontario Law Reform Commission. Report on Section 16 of the Mortgages Act. 1970. p 143 [1]. (1979) Ontario Reports 285 [2]
  8. ^ Internet Archive
  9. ^ O. Hood Phillips. A First Book of English Law. Fourth Edition. Sweet & Maxwell. 1960. Page 19.
  10. ^ O. Hood Phillips. A First Book of English Law. Fourth Edition. Sweet & Maxwell. 1960. Chapter 2. (These matters and things are discussed by the author in a chapter titled "The Administration of Justice").
  11. ^ McNair, Sir Arnold Duncan. Legal Effects of War. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 1944. Page 356.
  12. ^ Card, Richard. Card, Cross and Jones: Criminal Law. Twelfth Edition. Butterworths. 1992. ISBN 0 406 00086 7. Chapter 16.
  13. ^ Blackstone's Statutes on Criminal Law: 2004-2005. Fourteenth Edition. Part XIII.
  14. ^ The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, section 54(6)
  15. ^ The Law Commission. Offences relating to the Administration of Justice. Working Paper No 62. HMSO. 1975. Paragraph 10 at page 6.
  16. ^ The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, sections 116(1) to (4) and (6)(b)
  17. ^ The Contempt of Court Act 1981, section 4(2). Where in proceedings for any offence which is an administration of justice offence for the purposes of section 54 of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 it appears to the court that there is a possibility that (by virtue of that section) proceedings may be taken against a person for an offence of which he has been acquitted, section 4(2) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 applies as if those proceedings were pending or imminent: The Contempt of Court Act 1981, section 4(2A).
  18. ^ The Freedom of Information Act 2000, section 31(1)(c)
  19. ^ Brown, Louis M. "The Role of the Law Office in the Administration of Justice" (1981) 67 ABA Journal 1127 Digitized copy from Google Books.

Bibliography

  • James, John S. "Administration". Stroud's Judicial Dictionary of Words and Phrases. Sweet & Maxwell. London. 1971. SBN 421 14290 1. Page 68.
  • Bar Council. Code of Conduct for the Bar of England and Wales. 5th Edition. Paras 201(a)(ii) and (iii) and 202.
  • G Glover Alexander. The Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters (In England and Wales). Cambridge University Press. First Published 1915. Reissued 1919. ISBN 978 0 521 18348 2. Google Books.
  • William H Morley. The Administration of Justice in British India; Its Past History and Present State: Comprising an Account of the Laws Peculiar to India. Williams and Norgate. 1858. Google Books.
  • Miller, John. On the Administration of Justice in the British Colonies in the East-Indies. Parbury, Allen and Co. London, Leadenhall Street. 1828. Google Books.
  • "Contracts prejudicial to the Administration of Justice". T Anthony Downes. Textbook on Contract. Fourth Edition. Blackstone Press. 1995. Paragraph 8.7.3.2 at page 188.
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