Hazel Johnson-Brown

Hazel Johnson-Brown
Johnson-Brown as a brigadier general, circa 1979
Born	(1927-10-10)October 10, 1927 West Chester, Pennsylvania
Died	August 5, 2011(2011-08-05) (aged 83) Wilmington, Delaware
Resting place	Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia

Hazel Winifred Johnson-Brown (October 10, 1927 – August 5, 2011) was a nurse and educator who served in the United States Army from 1955 to 1983. In 1979, she became the first Black female general in the United States Army and the first Black chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps. She was also the Director of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Nursing.

Biography

Early life

Hazel Winifred Johnson was born on October 10, 1927 in West Chester, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Clarence L. Johnson Sr. and Garnett Henley Johnson. Johnson was one of seven children, she had four brothers and two sisters. Her parents, Clarence L. Johnson and Garnett Henley Johnson were farmers. They made a living from livestock, and selling fruits and vegetables.

As a child Johnson attended East Whiteland Elementary School with her siblings. She later attended Tredyffrin-Easttown Junior Senior High School, where she was considered an exceptional student.

At the age of 12, Johnson wanted to become a nurse. Johnson applied and was denied admission to West Chester School of Nursing for being black. She then moved to New York City to attend the Harlem School of Nursing in 1947. Johnson's nursing career started at the Harlem Hospital emergency ward as a beginning level staff nurse.

Career

Hazel Johnson-Brown enlisted in the military in 1955, seven years after President Truman eliminated segregation in the military. Gen. Johnson-Brown obituary states “rising in the ranks as she impressed her superiors with her skill in the operating room”. She was incredibly talented surgeon who took assignments across the world, including Asia. Hazel Johnson-Brown served in Japan a few years after enlisting. Training nurses on their way to Vietnam. Twenty fours years later she made history when she was promoted to Brigadier General. With this promotion she took charge of 7,000 nurses in the Army Nurse Corps. Hazel Johnson-Brown was the first black woman to hold the post. During Johnson-Brown's promotion she was quoted saying “Race is an incidence of birth” then furthering this by saying “I hope the criterion for selection did not include race but competence”. During her enlistment she got her degree in nursing from Villanova, and her masters in teaching from Columbia. Her career was distinguished she won many a medal, including distinguished service medal, and was awarded army nurse of the year twice. She won a Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medal with Oak Cluster. Hazel Johnson-Brown won many medals, and her Service was distinguished and excellent.

Later career

In 1977 Hazel was mentioned in the magazine Ebony, where they referred to Johnson-Brown as “one of the real ‘heavies’ in her field". They also anticipated Johnson-Brown to becoming “the first black woman general” in which she did.

After Gen. Johnson-Brown retired from the army in 1983 she headed the American Nurses Association's government relations unit as well as directed the George Mason University's Center for Health Policy as an assistant professor and later a professor on her own. A key to Hazel's success was driven by her immense well-rounded personality as well as her intellect. Hazel Johnson treated everyone the same and demanded that in return. “She recalled going with her mother to a hot dog stand in Philadelphia. Several times the waitress walked past them to serve white customers first. When the waitress finally delivered their order, Gen. Johnson-Brown turned it away. “Now you eat it,” she told the waitress. To her mother she said, “Let’s go.”” In an interview she stated that she was never a ‘quiet dissenter’ when it came to slights she suffered as a black woman, inside uniform and outside as well. She “always was a people person,” her sister Gloria Smith remarks. Hazel Johnson- Brown's marriage to David Brown ended in divorce without children. Johnson-Brown soon developed Alzheimer's disease.

In 1990 during Operation Desert Storm, Johnson committed to her patriotic nature and volunteered to work in the surgical suite at Fort Belvoir, Virginia's Army Hospital. Hazel Johnson-Brown was assigned to go to Vietnam as well, but later became very ill. The unit she would have gone to was attacked shortly after arriving to their station in Vietnam. The nurse who ended up taking her place was killed in the surprise attack along with numerous others of the group. Many were injured and even murdered in the incident. Johnson-Brown spent her last remaining years with her sister, Gloria Smith, in Wilmington, Delaware.

When remembering Johnson-Brown Army Nurse Corps Historian Lieutenant Colonel Nancy Cantrell explained that "Brigadier General Hazel Johnson-Brown was remarkable in that she commanded during a transitional period for the Army Nurse Corps and led with dignity and style; she was considered a great leader of the Corps and was well respected and loved”.

Death and burial

Johnson-Brown died in Wilmington, Delaware on August 5, 2011 at the age of 83. She was while en route to the hospital; after her arrival, it was realized that the cause of Hazel Johnson Brown's death was said to be Alzheimer's.

Being that Hazel Johnson Brown was a very important factor and the general in her branch, “ABNF is saddened by the loss of Dr. Hazel Johnson-Brown and will treasure memories of her active participation in our early growth.” (Edwards) Hazel Johnson Brown was soon moved to Arlington National Cemetery to be buried there because of the work she did as a general. Arlington National Cemetery is the United States national military cemetery located in Virginia across the Potomac River. She was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Personal life

In the year 1981, Johnson married the love of her life, David Brown. She added on his name to hers and was known from then on as General Hazel Johnson-Brown. However, their marriage did not last and they eventually divorced.

Johnson-Brown was a Catholic, a member of St. Clare in Clifton, Virginia (where her funeral Mass was held).

Honors

• Candace Award, Health, National Coalition of 100 Black Women, 1984.
• Honorary degree, Long Island University, 1997.

Military awards

• Distinguished Service Medal
• Legion of Merit
• Meritorious Service Medal
• Army Commendation Medal

Further reading

• Lukens, Rob. "HISTORY'S PEOPLE: HAZEL JOHNSON-BROWN, FIRST FEMALE BLACK GENERAL". Chester County Historical Society. Daily Local News. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
• AAREG, AAREG. "America's first Black woman general, Hazel Johnson Brown". African American Registry. AAREG. Retrieved 22 March 2019.

External links

• 7 Facts About Brigadier General Hazel W. Johnson-Brown
• America's first Black woman general, Hazel Johnson Brown. (n.d.). In African American Registry.
• Brig. Gen. Hazel Johnson Brown. (n.d.). In Army Women's Foundation.
• “In Memory Of..” ABNF Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, Fall 2011, p. 83. EBSCOhost

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