Scaphander

Scaphander
	Three preserved specimens of Scaphander lignarius, from left to right, the anterior, anterior, and posterior ends are at the top of the image
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Infraclass:	Euthyneura
Superfamily:	Philinoidea
Family:	Scaphandridae
Genus:	Scaphander; Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
	Bulla lignaria Linnaeus, 1758;
Synonyms
	Assula Schumacher, 1817; Bucconia Dall, 1890; Bullocardia F. Nordsieck, 1972; Eoscaphander Habe, 1952; Nipponoscaphander Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971; Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287); Assula Schumacher, 1817; Bucconia Dall, 1890; Bullocardia F. Nordsieck, 1972; Eoscaphander Habe, 1952; Nipponoscaphander Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971; Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287);

Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.^[1]

Species

Species within the genus Scaphander include:

† Scaphander alaskensis Clark 1932 ^[2]
Scaphander andamanicus E. A. Smith, 1894
Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913
Scaphander bathymophilus Dall, 1881
† Scaphander brevicula Philippi 1887 ^[3]
Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902
Scaphander ceylanica E. A. Smith, 1904
Scaphander clavus Dall, 1889
Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967
† Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1896)
Scaphander dilatatus A. Adams, 1862
† Scaphander duseni ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander edwardsii ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander elegans ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander elongatus A. Adams, 1862
† Scaphander enysi (Hutton, 1873)
† Scaphander flemingi Marwick, 1965
Scaphander fortisi ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1886
Scaphander grandis (Minichev, 1967)
Scaphander grateloupi ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander ickei ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander illecebrosus Iredale, 1925
Scaphander imperceptus (Bouchet, 1975)
Scaphander impunctatus Hickman 1980 ^[4]
Scaphander interruptus Dall, 1889 ^[5]
Scaphander japonicus Adams, 1862
† Scaphander javanus Martin 1879 ^[6]
† Scaphander jugularis (Conrad, 1855) ^[7]
† Scaphander komiticus Laws, 1939
Scaphander laetus Thiele, 1925
Scaphander langdoni ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1767)
Scaphander lignarius lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) - wood-grained canoe bubble
† Scaphander malleatus Marwick, 1931
Scaphander meridionalis Siegwald, Pastorino, Oskars & Malaquias, 2020
† Scaphander miriamae Dell, 1952
Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883 ^[8]
† Scaphander nannus Woodring 1928 ^[9]
Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884
† Scaphander oligoturritus Sacco 1897 ^[10]
Scaphander otagoensis Dell, 1956
Scaphander parisiensis ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander planeticus Dall, 1908
† Scaphander polysarcus Cossmann and Pissarro 1913 ^[11]
Scaphander primus ^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) - giant canoe-bubble
Scaphander punnetostriatus ^{[citation needed]}
† Scaphander radii Abbass 1967 ^[12]
† Scaphander rarus Wade 1926 ^[13]
† Scaphander remondi Philippi 1887 ^[3]
Scaphander robustus Okutani, 1966
† Scaphander scapha Laws, 1933
Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913
† Scaphander stewarti Durham 1944 ^[14]
Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913
Scaphander sulcatinus A. Adams, 1862
Scaphander takedai (Habe, 1981)
† Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)
Scaphander teramachii (Habe, 1954)
† Scaphander toringa Dell, 1952
Scaphander vicinus E. A. Smith, 1906
† Scaphander washingtonensis Tegland 1933 ^[14]
† Scaphander watsoni Dall, 1881
Scaphander watsoni rehderi
Scaphander willetti Dall, 1919

Species brought into synonymy

Scaphander alatus''Dall, 1895: synonym of Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883
Scaphander brownii Leach, 1852: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scaphander cumingii A. Adams, 1862: synonym of Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862) (original combination)
Scaphander cylindrellus Dall, 1908: synonym of Cylichnium cylindrellum (Dall, 1908) (original combination)
Scaphander fragilis (Habe, 1952): synonym of Eoscaphander fragilis Habe, 1952
Scaphander gibbulus Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of Weinkauffia gibbula (Jeffreys, 1856): synonym of Weinkauffia turgidula (Forbes, 1844) (original combination)
Scaphander giganteus Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scaphander librarius Lovén, 1846: synonym of Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
Scaphander loisae Bullis, 1956: synonym of Scaphander bathymophilus (Dall, 1881)
Scaphander mulitstriata Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862 (incorrect gender of species epithet)
Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862
Scaphander niveus R. B. Watson, 1883: synonym of Sabatia nivea (R. B. Watson, 1883) (original combination)
Scaphander pilsbryi McGinty, 1955: synonym of Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967
Scaphander pustulosus Dall, 1895: synonym of Sabatia pustulosa Dall, 1895 (original combination)
Scaphander sibogae (Schepman, 1913): synonym of Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913 (invalid: junior secondary homonym of Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913)
Scaphander stigmatica Dall, 1927: synonym of Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884
Scaphander subglobosa Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913 (original spelling; incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
Scaphander targionius Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

References

^ ^a ^b WoRMS : Scaphander accessed : 13 October 2010]
^ B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846
^ ^a ^b D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90
^ C. S. Hickman. 1980. Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Bulletins of American Paleontology 78(310):1-112
^ S. N. Nielson and C. Valdovinos. 2008. Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile. The Nautilus 122(4):201-216
^ K. Martin. 1879. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologische-Reichsmuseum 1-164
^ T. A. Conrad. 1855. Report Of Mr. T. A. Conrad On The Fossil Shells Collected In California By Wm. P. Blake, Geologist Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, United States Topographical Engineers. Description of the fossils and shells collected in California by William P. Blake, Geologist of the United States Pacific Railroad Survey in California. under the command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson, In 1853-54. Article 1 of Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of WIlliam P. Blake, Geologist of the Survey in California Under the Command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Palæontology 5-21
^ P. Bouchet, Opisthobranches de profondeur de l'Océan Atlantique: I - Cephalaspidea
^ W. P. Woodring. 1928. Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies
^ M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372
^ P. Jeffery and S. Tracey. 1997. The Early Eocene London Clay Formation mollusc fauna of the former Bursledon Brickworks, Lower Swanwick, Hampshire. Tertiary Research 17(3-4):75-137
^ H. L. Abbass. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph (4)1-154
^ N. F. Sohl. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 331(B):153-344
^ ^a ^b J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212

ZipCodeZoo
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

External links

[WoRMS-1] WoRMS : Scaphander accessed : 13 October 2010]

[2] B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846

[D._Frassinetti_2001-3] D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90

[4] C. S. Hickman. 1980. Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Bulletins of American Paleontology 78(310):1-112

[5] S. N. Nielson and C. Valdovinos. 2008. Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile. The Nautilus 122(4):201-216

[6] K. Martin. 1879. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologische-Reichsmuseum 1-164

[7] T. A. Conrad. 1855. Report Of Mr. T. A. Conrad On The Fossil Shells Collected In California By Wm. P. Blake, Geologist Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, United States Topographical Engineers. Description of the fossils and shells collected in California by William P. Blake, Geologist of the United States Pacific Railroad Survey in California. under the command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson, In 1853-54. Article 1 of Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of WIlliam P. Blake, Geologist of the Survey in California Under the Command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Palæontology 5-21

[8] P. Bouchet, Opisthobranches de profondeur de l'Océan Atlantique: I - Cephalaspidea

[9] W. P. Woodring. 1928. Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies

[10] M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372

[11] P. Jeffery and S. Tracey. 1997. The Early Eocene London Clay Formation mollusc fauna of the former Bursledon Brickworks, Lower Swanwick, Hampshire. Tertiary Research 17(3-4):75-137

[12] H. L. Abbass. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph (4)1-154

[13] N. F. Sohl. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 331(B):153-344

[W._Durham_1944-14] J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212

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