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Catherine Chamié

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Catherine Chamié in the Marie Curie laboratory of the Radium Institute around 1922

Catherine Chamié (13 December 1888 – 14 July 1950) was a French chemist.[1] Along with Irène Joliot-Curie, she first measured the Half-life of radon.[2] She also undertook extensive research on the photographic effect of groupings of atoms, an effect which bears her name, known as Chamié effect.[3]

Biography

Born on 13 December 1888 in Odessa, Catherine Chamié was the daughter of the Franco-Syrian notary Antoine Chamié, and his Russian wife Helene Golovkine.[1] After completing her school education in Odessa in 1907, she enrolled at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Geneva in the same year, where she received a doctorate degree in electrical physics in 1913. She later returned to Russia and continued her study on voltages in gas discharge tubes at the physics laboratory of the University of Petrograd.[4] During the First World War, she worked as a war nurse in the clinics set up at the University of Odessa until 1916.[4] After the war, she continued her scientific work as a mathematics assistant at the University of Odessa.[1][4]

During the Russian Revolution, on 4 April 1919, her family fled Odessa with the French troops and reached a refugee settlement at Voreppe, near Grenoble.[5] After staying for a period of five months at Voreppe, she moved to Paris looking for educational and employment opportunities to support her family. During the 1919–20 academic year, she enrolled a number of free courses related to radioactivity offered by the Collège de France, Paris. Simultaneously she worked as a science teacher and offered private lessons in an educational institution.[1]

After completing the courses and gained experiences in the field of radioactivity, she wrote to Marie Curie for seeking opportunities to work on a part-time basis at her laboratory in the Radium Institute.[5] Marie offered her a position. Chamié later joined as a chemist on a voluntary basis at the department of measurement of the Radium Institute. Her works included the preparation of radium salts and the analysis of radioactive ores from the Congo. She soon got a research grant which made her work at the Radium Institute as a paid job.[1] Between 1920 and 1934, she assisted Marie in her major research works.[6][3]

In 1934, following the departure of Renée Galabert, she became the head of the department of measurement and carried out research in the field of medical applications of radioactivity.[3][7] In 1929 she became naturalized in France.

She died in Paris on 14 July 1950 of “radiation-related causes”.[8][9]

Publications

Between 1921 and 1950, she wrote more than 40 research articles. Her important works include[10][7]

  • New principles of psychology, their application to the study of systems of knowledge and personality (1937)
  • Psychology of knowledge: Formation, structure and evolution of scientific knowledge (1950)

Notes

Chamié effect is a method developed by Chamié which involves exposing photographic film to the reactive solution to determine whether the small quantity of radioactive compound used was soluble or insoluble in the solvent. This method was later called as Chamié effect by Otto Hahn and Irène Joliot-Curie.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Rayner-Canham, Marelene F. (1998). Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-twentieth Century. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-941-90127-7. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  2. ^ Howes, Ruth H. (2003). Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-592-13192-1. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d Rayner-Canham, Marelene F. (1997). A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-941-90115-4. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Rayner-Canham 1997, p. 82.
  5. ^ a b Rayner-Canham 1997, p. 83.
  6. ^ Joerges, B. (30 November 2001). Instrumentation Between Science, State and Industry. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-402-00242-7. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  7. ^ a b Kawashima, Keiko (2015). Female Scientists Whom Nobuo Yamada Encountered：Early Years of Radio Chemistry and the Radium Institute (PDF). p. 64. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  8. ^ Rayner-Canham 1997, p. 11.
  9. ^ Rayner-Canham 1998, p. 112.
  10. ^ Rayner-Canham 1997, p. 86.
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