Chthamaloidea
| Chthamaloidea Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Chthamalus stellatus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Thecostraca |
| Subclass: | Cirripedia |
| Infraclass: | Thoracica |
| Superorder: | Thoracicalcarea |
| (unranked): | Sessilia |
| Order: | Balanomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854 |
The Chthamaloidea are a subdivision of Balanomorpha proposed by Newman and Ross[1] to include barnacles with shell wall composed of rostrum, carina, and one to three pairs of latera, rarely supplemented with one or more whorls of basal imbricating plates. The rostrolatus enters the sheath, but rarely fuses with the rostrum, as in the three higher superfamilies. Shell plates are simple in construction, solid, and incorporate organic chitin between carbonate layers. Opercular plates are deeply interlocked, and in some genera, may become concrescent with age.[1][2]: 57 [3] Soft part morphology includes concave labrum without notch in the central part. Cirrus III more resembles Cirrus IV than II, or may be intermediate in structure. Caudal appendages present in some species.[2]: 57
Environmental preferences and distribution
All living Chthamaloidea, and very sparsely known fossil occurrences[3]: 80 inhabit surf zone/intertidal/subtidal littoral zone habitats.[2]: 57 Geographically, chthamaloids may be found in all temperate and tropical seas, but highest diversity is found in tropics.
Included families
These families belong to the superfamily Chthamaloidea:[4][5]
- Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
- Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854 (star barnacles)
- Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
- Waikalasmatidae Ross & Newman, 2001
References
- ^ a b Newman, William A.; Arnold Ross (1976). "Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalog of the species". San Diego Society of Natural History. Memoir 9.
- ^ a b c Poltarukha, Oleg (2006). Identification Atlas of the Superfamilly Chthamaloidea Barnacles (Cirripedia thoracica) in the World Ocean. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press, Ltd. ISBN 5-87317-278-1.
- ^ a b Buckeridge, John (1983). Fossil barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) of New Zealand and Australia. Auckland: New Zealand Geological Survey.
- ^ Chan, Benny K. K.; Dreyer, Niklas; Gale, Andy S.; Glenner, Henrik; et al. (2021). "The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (3): 789–846. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species, superfamily Chthamaloidea". Retrieved 2021-08-22.
External links
Data related to Chthamaloidea at Wikispecies
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